8．Is it possible to persuade mankind to live without war？War is an ancient custom which has existed for at least six thousand years．It was always evil and usually foolish，but in the past the human race managed to live with it．Modern skill has changed this．Either man will stop war or war will stop man．For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger，but bacteriological（細(xì)菌）or chemical weapons may，before long，offer an even greater threat．If we succeeded in stopping war，there would be no danger for us．To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way，not as contests Of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre（大屠殺），but by arbitration（仲裁）in accordance with agreed principles of law．It is not easy to change age-old mental habits，but this is what must be attempted．
There are those who say that the adoption of this or that ideology（意識(shí)形態(tài)）would prevent，war．I believe this to be a complete error．All ideologies are based upon beliefs without proof which are，at best，doubtful，and at worst，totally false．Those people who believe in them are willing to go to war in support of them．
The movement of world opinion during the past two years has been very largely such as we can welcome．It has become a common belief that nuclear war must be avoided．Of course，very difficult problems remain in the international world，but the spirit in which they are being dealt with is a better one than it was some years ago．It has begun to be thought，even by the powerful men who decide whether we shall live or die，that agreements should be reached even if both sides do not find these agreements wholly satisfactory．It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West，but between Man and the H-bomb．
51．From the first paragraph we．can know thatA．
A．we may face greater threat from weapons
B．bacteriological or chemical weapons are less dangerous than nuclear weapons
C．man's idea of victory has changed
D．dangerous weapons are forbidden in modem society
52．According to the author，C．
A．it is impossible to live without war
B．the difference between East and West will lead to war
C．war must be stopped if man wants to survive
D．war will be stopped by modern skill
53．The author believes that the only way to stop war is toB．
A．stop nuclear weapons
B．settle international problems through agreements
C．destroy bacteriological-and chemical weapons
D．let the stronger side take over the world
54．The last paragraph suggests thatD．
A．nuclear war will surely not take place
B．real agreements have now been reached
C．world opinion is still divided on nuclear war
D．man is beginning to realize that nuclear war is his greatest enemy
55．Which of the following can best describe the author's feeling？B
A．Disappointed．B．Hopeful．C．Doubtful．D．Worried．

分析 本文主要講述了"戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)能被廢除嗎？"這一話(huà)題．有沒(méi)有可能說(shuō)服人類(lèi)放棄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而生存？戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是一種古老的制度，至少已經(jīng)存在了六千年．戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)總是邪惡的，且通常是荒謬的，但在過(guò)去人類(lèi)還是努力地與之共存．現(xiàn)代人的智慧已經(jīng)改變了這一切．要么人類(lèi)廢除戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，要么戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)毀掉人類(lèi)．現(xiàn)在引發(fā)極度危險(xiǎn)的是核武器，但不久后生物或化學(xué)武器會(huì)帶來(lái)更嚴(yán)重的威脅．如果成功銷(xiāo)毀核武器，我們的工作還未完成．直到我們成功地廢除了戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，這一任務(wù)才算完成．為了廢除戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，我們需要說(shuō)服人類(lèi)用新的方式看待國(guó)際問(wèn)題，不是將其視為武力的競(jìng)賽，贏家是最擅長(zhǎng)屠殺的一方，而是依照大家約定的法則來(lái)仲裁解決．改變古老的思維習(xí)慣不易，但這是必須要嘗試的． 有些人認(rèn)為采用這種或那種意識(shí)形態(tài)會(huì)防止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的發(fā)生．我認(rèn)為這是個(gè)嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤．所有的意識(shí)形態(tài)都是以武斷的主張為基礎(chǔ)的，往好里說(shuō)，這些意識(shí)形態(tài)令人生疑，往壞里說(shuō)，是完全錯(cuò)誤的．追隨者對(duì)其如此狂熱的信奉，以至于為了支持它們而愿意去發(fā)動(dòng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)．

解答 51．A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段的"For the present，it is nuclear weapons that cause the greatest danger，but bacteriological（細(xì)菌）or chemical weapons may，before long，offer an even greater threat．現(xiàn)在引發(fā)極度危險(xiǎn)的是核武器，但不久后生物或化學(xué)武器會(huì)帶來(lái)更嚴(yán)重的威脅．"可知：我們可能會(huì)面臨更大的武器威脅；故答案選A．
52．C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段的"If we succeeded in stopping war，there would be no danger for us．如果我們成功地停止戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，就不會(huì)有危險(xiǎn)．"可知：如果人類(lèi)要生存，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)必須停止；故答案選C．
53．B  細(xì)節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)文章第一段的"To do this，we need to persuade mankind to look upon international questions in a new way，not as contests Of force，in which the victory goes to the side which is most skillful in massacre（大屠殺），but by arbitration（仲裁）in accordance with agreed principles of law．為了廢除戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，我們需要說(shuō)服人類(lèi)用新的方式看待國(guó)際問(wèn)題，不是將其視為武力的競(jìng)賽，贏家是最擅長(zhǎng)屠殺的一方，而是依照大家約定的法則來(lái)仲裁解決"可知作者認(rèn)為，要避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)人們必須拋棄用戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)來(lái)解決爭(zhēng)端的傳統(tǒng)觀念，通過(guò)協(xié)商來(lái)解決問(wèn)題．故答案選B．
54．D 推理判斷題．根據(jù)文章的最后一句"It has begun to be understood that the important conflict nowadays is not between East and West，but between Man and the H-bomb．"可知：人類(lèi)現(xiàn)在認(rèn)識(shí)到，目前最大的沖突并非來(lái)自于東西方，而是在人與氫彈的威脅．故答案選D．
55．B 推理判斷題．從文章最后一段看，人們解決爭(zhēng)端的思維模式已經(jīng)發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)變，不是靠武力，而是通過(guò)協(xié)商，因此作者對(duì)人類(lèi)未來(lái)避免戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)還是充滿(mǎn)了希望；故答案選B．

點(diǎn)評(píng) 政治類(lèi)文章多采用記敘文形式，我們可采取"順讀法"，以便抓關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)句，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章主旨；而經(jīng)濟(jì)類(lèi)文章則多采用說(shuō)明文形式，我們則可以采取"逆讀法"，先讀試題，再?gòu)奈恼轮胁檎矣杏眯畔ⅲ?/p>

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