Scholars and researchers have tried to discover what personality characteristics go along with success in different cultural experiences. Their findings have often been unclear or incomplete. But three typical characteristics stand out in their reports: patience, a sense of humor, and the awareness of being unclear.
Patience, of course, is the ability to keep calm when things do not go as one wants them to, or as one hopes they would, or even as one was sure they would. Impatience sometimes brings improvements in relations with other people, but usually it does not.
A person with a sense of humor is less likely to take things too seriously and more ready to see the humor in his own reaction than a humorless person. The value of a sense of humor really needs to be paid more attention to.
  “The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept to understand than patience and a sense of humor. Foreigners often find themselves in situations that are unclear as they are newcomers. That is, they do not know what is happening in a certain situation. Perhaps they do not understand the local language well enough, or they do not know how some system or organization works, or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on. “It’s like that I just got here from the moon,” a Chinese graduate student who newly arrived in the United States said. “Things are just so different here.”
【小題1】The passage mainly tells us ______.

A．a(chǎn)bout some uneasy traveling experiences in foreign countries 
B．a(chǎn)bout the three main ways to communicate with foreigners 
C．a(chǎn)bout some typical characteristics in different cultural experiences 
D．how to show your characters to foreigners 
【小題2】According to the passage, which characteristic should be focused on most?
A．The ability to keep cool. B．The sense of humor. 
C．Patience. D．The awareness of being unclear. 
【小題3】“The awareness of being unclear” refers to “______” .
A．not knowing what is happening in a situation 
B．not understanding the local language well enough 
C．being aware that the situation is unclear 
D．not knowing how some system or organization works 
【小題4】By what the Chinese graduate student said, we can learn that ______.
A．he is not used to the culture of America 
B．he went to the United States to study the moon 
C．he is a person with a sense of humor 
D．he has just returned from the moon 


【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】A

解析試題分析：本文講述了和成功密切相關(guān)的三種個(gè)性特征。長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)研究人員試圖尋找成功和人的個(gè)性特征之間的關(guān)系，雖然調(diào)查結(jié)果不是很明確，但是毋庸置疑耐心，幽默和對(duì)于未知情況的認(rèn)知在所有的報(bào)告中是最為突出的三個(gè)方面，其中幽默感尤其顯著。
【小題1】C主旨大意題。此文是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)。在文章首段提出中心：人們?cè)噲D找出和成功有關(guān)的個(gè)性特征，其中主要的是patience，a sense of humor和the awareness of being unclear等，然后分別介紹了這三個(gè)方面。所以C選項(xiàng)正確。
【小題2】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段The value of a sense of humor really needs to be paid more attention to.中的“ more”可知幽默感比其他兩個(gè)方面更值得注意，所以B為正確選項(xiàng)。
【小題3】C推理判斷題。本段開(kāi)頭提出The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept to understand，隨后列舉一些情況進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，比如they do not know what is happening … Perhaps they do not understand ….., or they do not know……和 or they can’t be sure of different people’s，由此可知?jiǎng)澗�短語(yǔ)意思是“意識(shí)到情況的不確定性”，故C選項(xiàng)正確。
【小題4】A推理判斷題。從上文they do not know what is happening in a certain situation. …. or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on.可知作者列舉的都是人們感到一些不確定的情況，所以下文提出中國(guó)留學(xué)生的例子也是用來(lái)解釋指對(duì)情況的不確定、不清楚的。故A選項(xiàng)正確。
考點(diǎn)：考查社會(huì)百科類短文閱讀。

練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

As most university students are packing their bags，boarding trains or flying home for the Spring Festival，some will stay behind to spend the holiday on campus．
Zhou Yunyun，22，a senior finance major at Jilin University，has decided that instead of traveling to Hainan province，he will kill the time by playing computer games with his online friends．
“I'm used to chatting and playing with them every day．It’s just fun to make friends this way，”he said．“When I returned home in past years，my relatives always asked me a lot of questions about my plans after graduation．They had high expectations of me，which made me feel stressed，” said Zhou．
The campus，usually lively，will probably turn into a death town，with most restaurants，shops and student centers closed during the break．But there are also a few advantages，according to Jia Debao，2 1，a junior majoring in administration at China Agricultural University．“I might feel a bit lonely，but at least I can stay away from my parents’ complaining and enjoy the peaceful and quiet stay，” he said．“More importantly，I can enj oy the high speed of the Internet，I can always find empty seats in classrooms，and I don’t have to wait to use the bathroorm” But education experts recommend students who stay on campus to come up with more interactive plans．That’s because communication on the Internet can’t replace real life interpersonal relationships．
Society has promoted a kind of“couch potato" or close-in culture among some young people, according to Shi Tongyu, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. He warned that this kind of lifestryl can damage students’ mental and physical development.
“When you constantly stare at a computer screen and type on your keyboard，you gradually lose the ability to socialize and survive normally，"said Shi．“A human’s most important task is to survive，which cannot be completed by staying at home all the time． Instead，it must be achieved through real life experience and communication．”
【小題1】What can we learn about Zhou Yunyun?

A．He feels very lonely on campus． 
B．He will promote close-in culture． 
C．He will spend the Spring Festival with relatives． 
D．He will spend the Spring Festival with on-line friends． 
【小題2】Spending the Spring Festival on campus for Jia Debao means         .
A．he will miss his parents a little bit 
B．there will be more seats in classrooms 
C．he will have a quiet and peaceful break 
D．the speed of the Internet will get faster 
【小題3】The underlined phrase“couch potato” is closest in meaning to        .
A．inactive person B．close friend 
C．sociable student D．a(chǎn)ddicted gamer 
【小題4】What do education experts recommend students to do?
A．To do some traveling． 
B．To stay more with families． 
C．To find empty seats in classrooms． 
D．To experience real life and communication． 

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解



If a diver surfaces too quickly, he may suffer the bends. Nitrogen (氮) dissolved (溶解) in his blood is suddenly liberated by the reduction of pressure. The consequence, if the bubbles (氣泡) accumulate in a joint, is sharp pain and a bent body—thus the name. If the bubbles form in his lungs or
his brain, the consequence can be death.
Other air-breathing animals also suffer this decompression (減壓) sickness if they surface too fast: whales, for example. And so, long ago, did ichthyosaurs (魚(yú)龍). That these ancient sea animals got the bends can be seen from their bones. If bubbles of nitrogen form inside the bone they can cut off its blood supply. This kills the cells in the bone, and consequently weakens it, sometimes to the point of collapse. Fossil (化石) bones that have caved in on themselves are thus a sign that the animal once had the bends.
Bruce Rothschild of the University of Kansas knew all this when he began a study of ichthyosaur bones to find out how widespread the problem was in the past. What he particularly wanted to investigate was how ichthyosaurs adapted to the problem of decompression over the 150 million years. To this end, he and his colleagues traveled the world’s natural-history museums, looking at hundreds of ichthyosaurs from the Triassic period and from the later Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal with decompression. Instead, he was astonished to discover the opposite. More than 15% of Jurassic and Cretaceous ichthyosaurs had suffered the bends before they died, but not a single Triassic specimen (標(biāo)本) showed evidence of that sort of injury.
If ichthyosaurs did evolve an anti-decompression means, they clearly did so quickly—and, most strangely, they lost it afterwards. But that is not what Dr Rothschild thinks happened. He suspects it was evolution in other animals that caused the change.
Whales that suffer the bends often do so because they have surfaced to escape a predator (捕食動(dòng)物) such as a large shark. One of the features of Jurassic oceans was an abundance of large sharks and crocodiles, both of which were fond of ichthyosaur lunches. Triassic oceans, by contrast, were mercifully shark- and crocodile-free. In the Triassic, then, ichthyosaurs were top of the food chain. In the Jurassic and Cretaceous, they were prey (獵物) as well as predator—and often had to make a speedy exit as a result.
【小題1】Which of the following is a typical symptom of the bends?

A．A twisted body. B．A gradual decrease in blood supply.
C．A sudden release of nitrogen in blood. D．A drop in blood pressure.
【小題2】The purpose of Rothschild’s study is to see _______.
A．how often ichthyosaurs caught the bends
B．how ichthyosaurs adapted to decompression
C．why ichthyosaurs bent their bodies
D．when ichthyosaurs broke their bones
【小題3】Rothschild’s finding stated in Paragraph 4 _______. 
A．confirmed his assumption B．speeded up his research process
C．disagreed with his assumption D．changed his research objectives
【小題4】Rothschild might have concluded that ichthyosaurs _______.
A．failed to evolve an anti-decompression means
B．gradually developed measures against the bends
C．died out because of large sharks and crocodiles
D．evolved an anti-decompression means but soon lost it

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Electrical devices（儀器）could soon use power make by human energy, Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking , British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device.
The device connects to a person’s knee, As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down, To do this ,the device helps with the slowing sown movement of the leg, The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity, Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute, Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes.
There are several possible uses for the device ,Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers, The deice could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers（起博器）,It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs.
The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy, But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version.An improved version should be ready in one year.
The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries, Nearly twenty five percent of people around the world live without electric power.
A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania,He created a bag carried on a person’s back that also produces power from walking, The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag ,But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms.
【小題1】The second paragraph mainly talks about       .

A．who developed the device
B．how the device works
C．several possible uses for the devices
D．how much electricity the device can produce
【小題2】What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device?
A．It is too heavy for the walker to bear
B．It is too complex for people to use
C．It is too expensive for most people to afford
D．It will slow down one’s walking speed.
【小題3】Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome ,this new device       .
A．produces power without adding more loads to the walker
B．can produce more power in a much shorter time
C．needs to be equipped with a battery
D．can help the walker walk faster
【小題4】From the passage, we can learn that the electrical device can       .
A．help housewives operate the washing machine
B．make it much easier for us to go online
C．produce more electricity than that invented by Larry Rome
D．be applied in medicine to operate heart pacemakers
【小題5】What would be the best title for the passage?
A．First device powered by walking will soon be on the market
B．Advanced technology brings in a new way to operate heart pacemakers
C．Device gives new meaning to the idea of power walking
D．Human energy will become a main source of electricity

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

The practice of students endlessly copying letters and sentences from a blackboard is a thing of the past. With the coming of new technologies like computers and smartphones, writing by hand has become something of nostalgic(懷舊的)skill. However, while today’s educators are using more and more technology in their teaching,many believe basic handwriting skills are still necessary for students to be successful-----both in school and in life.
Virginia Berninger, professor of educational psychology at the University of Washington, says it’s important to continue teaching handwriting and help children acquire the skill of writing by hand.
Berninger and her colleagues conducted a study that looked at the ability of students to complete various writing tasks----both on a computer and by hand. The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.
In a more recent study, Berninger looked at what role spelling plays in a student’s writing skills and found that how well children spell is tied to how well they can write. “Spelling makes some of the thinking parts of the brain active which helps us access our vocabulary, word meaning and concepts. It is allowing our written language to connect with ideas.” Berninger said.
Spelling helps students translate ideas into words in their mind first and then to transcribe (轉(zhuǎn)換) “those words in the mind written symbols on paper or keyboard and screen,” the study said. Seeing the words in the “mind’s eye” helps children not only to turn their ideas into words, says Berninger, but also to spot(發(fā)現(xiàn)) spelling mistakes when they write the words down and to correct them over time.
“In our computer age, some people believe that we don’t have to teach spelling because we have spell checks,” she said. “But until a child has a functional spelling ability of about a fifth grade level, they won’t have the knowledge to choose the correct spelling among the options given by the computer.”
【小題1】What makes writing by hand a thing of the past? 

A．Theabsenceofblackboardsinclassrooms.
B．Theuseofnewtechnologiesinteaching.
C．Thelackofpracticeinhandwriting.
D．Thepopularuseofsmartphones.
【小題2】Berninger’s study published in 2009 ___________. 
A．focusedonthedifferencebetweenwritingbyhandandonacomputer.
B．indicatedthatstudentsprefertowritewithapenandpaper.
C．foundthatgoodessaysaremadeupoflongsentences.
D．discussedtheimportanceofwritingspeed.
【小題3】Which of the following best shows the role of spelling? 
A．Spellingimprovesone’smemoryofwords.
B．Spellingabilityiscloselyrelatedtowritingability.
C．Spellingbenefitsthetranslationfromwordsintoideas.
D．Spellingslowsdownfindingexactwordstoexpressideas.
【小題4】What does “mind’s eye” in paragraph 5 mean? 
A． Window. B．Soul C．Picture. D．Imagination.
【小題5】What conclusion could be drawn from the passage 
A．Computerscanhelppeoplewiththeirchoiceofwords.
B．Spellcheckscantaketheplaceofspellingteaching.
C．Handwritingstillhasaplaceintoday’sclassrooms.
D．Functionalspellingabilitydevelopsfastinthefifthgrade.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Research suggests that a newly-identified gene known as insomniacs(失眠癥患者) may play a role in keeping us asleep. By cloning and testing this gene in about 21,000 fruit flies, Rockefeller University researchers say they have discovered an entirely new mechanism (機(jī)制) by which sleep is controlled.
By studying these flies, the researchers discovered that mutations(變異) in the insomniac gene were associated with a great reduction in sleep. While a typical fruit fly slept for an average of 927 minutes a day, the mutant flies slept for just 317. They also slept for shorter periods of time, and slept and woke more frequently.
“The results showed a great loss of both the time that the flies’ sleep lasted and their ability to remain asleep after they slept,” says researcher Nicholas Stavropoulos.
The researchers also examined the link between sleep and lifespan, finding that flies with mutations to the insomniac gene lived only about two-thirds as long as unchanged flies. But when the scientists removed insomniac only in neurons（神經(jīng)細(xì)胞）---allowing it to remain in the rest of the flies’ bodies---this difference disappeared; the resulting animals slept poorly but lived just as long.
“This suggests that reduced sleep can be ‘uncoupled’(分開(kāi)) from reduced lifespan, supporting the idea that some interruptions of sleep do not affect overall health, at least as far as lifespan is concerned,” Stavropoulos says.
Although flies and humans would appear to have little in common when it comes to lifestyle, scientists say that the mechanisms of sleep and wakefulness are likely to be quite similar.
“Sleep is a fundamental behavior in all animals, and it is poorly understood from a scientific standpoint, says Stavropoulos. This work could prove useful in understanding and treating sleep disorders”
【小題1】The text is mainly about____.

A．the progress in cloning fruit flies
B．the methods of cloning fruit flies
C．the link between gene and lifespan
D．the influence of a gene on the ability to sleep
【小題2】According to paragraph2, the mutant flies________.
A．slept about 5 hours a day
B．had problems waking up
C．didn’t seem sleepy at all
D．could not fall asleep
【小題3】We can conclude from the text that________.
A．sleep and health go hand in hand
B．sleep can be controlled by humans
C．research into sleep is very fruitful
D．the findings are useful in medical treatment

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Beautiful cars surrounded by even more beautiful models—it’s no secret why the 2012 Beijing Auto Show was popular．
The exhibition was held between April 23 and May 2．Although renowned companies showed off their top models，it wasn’t just their expensive sports cars that grabbed people’s attention．
Concept cars are a way for designers to test out their ideas on the public with complete freedom．They can try out cars with special features that could not be massively（批量）produced easily．
Designers don’t have to follow industry rules；they don’t even need to worry about whether their cars would be followed on the roads．
At the Beijing Auto Show，the@Ant by Chery was one concept car to draw a lot of attention．China Daily called it‘‘the very definition of a concept car”．
The vehicle is powered by electricity and is capable of driving itself．But the magic doesn’t end there．
The@Ant was inspired by actual ants．According to Car News China，with the help of automated telemetric systems，@Ants are able to“see” other@Ants and compare  destination information. If two are heading the same way for a while, the vehicles connect, with one car’s rear (后面的)wheels matching up with the front wheels of another car．Up to 10@Ants can be put together and will automatically connect to form a“train"．This  will help save energy while traveling, as well reducing traffic jams.
The car sounds like a great idea．Further research will be needed to turn this concept  car into something for the market，but concepts like Cherry’s  show how carmakers are  working for cleaner and greener vehicles．It’s like what the@Ant motto says，“Exploring future human beings’lifestyles”．
【小題1】The concept car is getting popular because         .

A．it looks like an ant
B．it is beautifully designed
C．it is exhibited as a top model
D．it conveys a new idea for the future
【小題2】How can the@Ants help save energy while travelling according to the passage?
A．By connecting each other and running together
B．By driving themselves without man’s control
C．By comparing their destination information
D．By reducing traffic jams on the roads
【小題3】What the designers of the concept car need to do at the Auto Show is         .
A．to test the safety of the concept car
B．to follow the rules in the car industry
C．to show their unique idea of complete freedom
D．to see if concept cars can be massively produced
【小題4】The best title of the passage is         .
A．Concept Cars Are Driving to the Future
B．The@Ant Draws a Lot of Attention
C．The@Ant Is a Top Model of Concept Cars
D．Concept Cars Are Cleaner and Greener

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Exhausted and unhappy, you still have to squeeze a smile to your friends, or teachers. That’s just life, you may think. But new research suggests that putting on a fake smile can worsen people’s mood and even lower work efficiency.
Lead researcher Brent Scott with other researchers studied a group of bus drivers for two weeks. They tried to find out what happened when the drivers were involved in “surface acting” or fake smiling, and the opposite, “deep acting” which means people put on real smiles by recalling pleasant memories or thinking about their current situation more positively.
The results showed that on days when drivers were forced to smile, they felt depressed and didn’t want to work. On days when they smiled due to positive thoughts, their mood improved a lot as well as their work efficiency.
The research goes against the popular belief among companies that employees should be cheerful to customers at all times. They include employees of shops, banks, call center workers and others who have face-to-face contact with members of the public. “Smiling for the sake of(為了) smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion and coldness, and that’s bad for the organization,” Scott told the Daily Mail.
The study also showed that women were harmed more by fake smiling than men. Their mood and work performance both worsened more. But they were helped more by deep acting — their mood became better and they worked more efficiently.
However, while deep acting seemed to improve mood in the short term, Scott says it’s not a long-term solution for unhappiness.
“There have been some suggestions that if you do this over a long period that you start to feel inauthentic(不真實(shí)的),” Scott said. “You may be trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”
【小題1】Brent Scott and others’ experiments on bus drivers suggest that ______.

A．depression among bus drivers is common
B．thinking in a positive way helps with work efficiency
C．bus drivers with pleasant memories tend to be less efficient
D．the bus drivers’ work efficiency is determined by their mood
【小題2】According to the article, which of the following statements about “fake smiling” is TRUE?
A．It is good for the business but bad for the employees.
B．It doesn’t work on people who are emotionally expressive.
C．It is a widely accepted cultural practice in the US.
D．It causes more harm to women than men.
【小題3】We can conclude from the article that the researchers think that ______.
A．people should be true to their feelings
B．smiling helps to put people in a good mood and become more efficient
C．it is unnecessary to cultivate positive emotions
D．deep acting can improve mood in the long run
【小題4】The article is mainly about ______.
A．the importance of smiling during face-to-face contact
B．a(chǎn) new study on fake smiling and its influence on people
C．suggestions on improving work efficiency
D．how to cheer up when you are exhausted

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案