Will online courses transform world of education?
Some may wonder what it feels like to attend a class at Stanford University. The recently popular MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) can satisfy this desire. But they are also most likely to change the situation of higher education. Only last month，both Peking University and Tsinghua University announced plans to start open online course on the edX platform，one of the world’s major providers of MOOCs，to explore this new form of online education.
Gaining momentum(勢(shì)頭)
“It’s not only a change of platforms from offline to online. It’s more about a reform of
teaching methods，even the whole education system，”said Chen Jining，president of Tsinghua University.
The potential of MOOCs to reform education has been obvious in the US ever since the immediate popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence，taught by Stanford University professor Sebastian Thrun, who later co-founded Udacity, a platform with 1.6 million enrolled(注冊(cè)) students in 200 countries. According to Nature magazine，by June 2013，74 percent of universities in the US offered some type of online course. Lu Fang, vice-president of Fudan University，explains the appeal of MOOCs as a simple case of supply and demand：“The demand for high quality educational resources from both enrolled students and professionals is feeding the rise of MOOCs，in which classes usually taught by top teachers are available to everyone，”said Lu.
Too early to replace
With easy access and free of charge, MOOCs are said to have the potential to change the present education system. But there are barriers，because hardly any universities offer degree certificates, as college administrators point out, it’s difficult to confirm if students are foaming anything in MOOCs，reposed USA Today．
The Wall Street Journal also reposed that，presently，a typical MOOC student is likely to have
already graduated from college and is using the course to explore an interest or acquire professional
skills. Even so, an increasing number of undergraduates are signing up.
“What we are really establishing(創(chuàng)建)are educational pathways for people who want skills that are related to contemporary jobs，”Thrun told The Wall Street Journal．
小題1:MOOCs have been considered likely to reform education since___________．
A．the founding of Udacity
B．the wide application of online education
C．the popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence
D．the opening of MOOCs on the edX platform in China
小題2:According to Lu Fang, MOOCs have become popular because___________．
A．high quality educational resources are in demand
B．students can attend courses in famous universities
C．college students have access to famous teachers
D．MOOCs have brought about revolution in education
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Most of the MOOCs focus on professional training for college graduates．
B．There are barriers for MOOCs to replace the present education system．
C．International companies prefer applicants who graduate from MOOCs．
D．More and more undergraduates have realized the limits of MOOCs．
小題4:The author’s attitude towards MOOCs is___________．
A．doubtfulB．negativeC．criticalD．optimistic

小題1:C
小題2:A
小題3:B
小題4:D

試題分析：本文主要講述的是新型的網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)的MOOCs的興起以及它的前景。
小題1:C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二部分第2段1,2行The potential of MOOCs to reform education has been obvious in the US ever since the immediate popularity of the course Artificial Intelligence，可知自從Artificial Intelligence課程之后，它就很受歡迎。故C正確。
小題2:A 推理題。根據(jù)第二部分Lu Fang, vice-president of Fudan University，explains the appeal of MOOCs as a simple case of supply and demand：“The demand for high quality educational resources from both enrolled students and professionals is feeding the rise of MOOCs，in which classes usually taught by top teachers are available to everyone，”said Lu.可知人們對(duì)于高質(zhì)量的高等教育的需求是MOOCs受歡迎的主要原因。故A正確。
小題3:B 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第3段But there are barriers，because hardly any universities offer degree certificates, as college administrators point out, it’s difficult to confirm if students are foaming anything in MOOCs，reposed USA Today．可知MOOCs要取代現(xiàn)在的教育還是有著很多的障礙的。故B正確。
小題4:D 推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段With easy access and free of charge, MOOCs are said to have the potential to change the present education system.可知MOOCs有著巨大的潛力，所以作者對(duì)于這一新鮮事物持有的態(tài)度是很樂(lè)觀的。故D正確。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska，Canada and Siberia warm the climate，scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions.Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade.Scientists predict that with climate warming，fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season.Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming，while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate.Earlier studies by other scientists had suggested that fires in northern regions sped up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants were released into the atmosphere and thus trapped heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire，large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming.Ozone (臭氧) levels increased，and ashes from the fire fell on far­off sea ice，darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in.The following spring，however，the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire，because fewer trees covered the ground.Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space，leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere，” scientists said.They tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire，and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature.Typically，fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years.Scientists，however，found that when fire occurs more frequently，more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results.Specifically，they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted,0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases，but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space.The net effect is cooling.Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
小題1:According to the new findings，taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may________.
A．result in a warming climate
B．cause more forest fires
C．lead to a longer fire season
D．protect the forests there
小題2:The following are the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT________.
A．large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere
B．the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase
C．snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space
D．a(chǎn)shes from the fire fall on the ice and darken the surface
小題3:Earlier studies about northern forest fires________.
A．had analyzed all aspects of how northern fires influenced climate
B．had indicated that forest fires would pollute the atmosphere
C．had suggested that people should take measures to protect environment
D．had suggested that the fires would speed up climate warming
小題4:We can infer that forest fires in Alaska，Canada and Siberia may________.
A．warm the climate as the supposition goes
B．cool the climate by reflecting more sunlight into atmosphere
C．make more space for the growth of young trees
D．help to gain more energy rather than release more energy

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A good modern newspaper is an extraordinary piece of reading. It is unusual for what it contains: the news from local crime to international politics, from sports to business to fashion to science, and the comments and special features(特寫(xiě))as well, from editorial page to feature articles, from interviews to criticism of books, art, theatre, and music. A newspaper is even more unusual for the way one reads it never completely, never straight through, but always by jumping from here to there, in and out, glancing at one piece, reading another article all the way through, reading just a few paragraphs of the next.
A good modern newspaper offers a variety to attract many different readers, but far more than any one reader is interested in. What brings this variety together in one place is its topicality, that is, its immediate relation to what is happening in your world and your locality now. But this immediacy and the speed of production that goes with it also mean that much of what appears in a newspaper has no more than temporary value. For all these reasons, no two people really read the same paper: what each person does is to put together, out of the pages of that day’s paper, his own selection and order, his own newspaper. For all these reasons, reading newspapers efficiently which means getting what you want from them without missing things you need but without wasting time, demands skill and self-awareness(意識(shí)) as you change and apply the techniques of reading.
小題1:What does the underlined word in the second paragraph mean ?
A．wide coverageB．speed in reporting news
C．various style　　D．popularity among readers
小題2:According to the passage, the reason why no two people really read the same newspaper is that ___________.
A．people are interested in the same kind of news
B．different people prefer different newspapers
C．people scan for the news they are interested in
D．people have different views about what a good newspaper is
小題3:A good newspaper offers “a variety” to readers because ___________.
A．readers like to read different newspapers
B．it has to cover things that happen in a certain locality
C．readers are difficult to please
D．it tries to serve different readers
小題4:The best title for this passage would be ___________.
A．The Characteristics of a Good Newspaper
B．The Importance of a good Newspaper
C．Good Newspapers and Bad Newspapers
D．Some Advice on How to Read a Newspaper

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Where do you find out about the world’s longest walk? The world's tallest man? The world's oldest woman? You know the answer, of course. It is the Guinness Book of World Records. How would people find such unusual facts without this book?
Guinness Book did not exist until 1951. Here is what happened. The managing director of Guinness Brewery was a curious man. He wanted answers to some questions about records. For example, he wanted to know what was the fastest flying game bird in Europe. But he was frustrated. There was no book to answer questions like this.
The director, Sir Hugh Beaver, contacted the McWhirter twins. They were brothers who owned a research agency. He asked them to put together a new reference book. It would include all kinds of unusual records. The brothers quickly accepted. The first edition of their book was published in 1955. Soon the Guinness Book of World Records was a best seller. It has sold more copies than any book except the Bible. A new edition is published every year.
Where do all the book's records come from? They are a combination of things like natural wonders, sports records, and stunts(特技) (How many people would push an egg with their noses if they weren’t trying to get to the book?). But the editors try to keep things honest. All records must be verified by an investigator. Only then are they printed.
The Guinness Book is a big business. It is published in dozens of languages. There are TV shows and museums. It is proof of how interested people are in strange pieces of information.
小題1:The passage is mostly about _____.
A．the McWhirter twins
B．the director Sir Hugh Beaver
C．unusual records in the Guinness Book
D．a(chǎn) history of the Guinness Book
小題2:The Guinness Book _____.
A．is a best seller
B．is published only in English
C．does not always check its records
D．has a full-length movie based on it
小題3:It is clear from the passage that the McWhirter twins _____.
A．wanted to publish the book so that they set up a research agency
B．owned so good a research agency that they liked to help others
C．recognizes that Sir Hugh's idea for a book was a good one
D．wanted to know the answers to some questions about records
小題4:In this passage, the underlined word "verified" means _____.
A．questionedB．proved the truthC．written upD．blocked

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Mrs. Ohama spoke to the graduates of Martin luther King Jr. High School on Saturday in her only high school commencemenl (畢業(yè)典禮）speech this year. The ceremony___1____in the gymnasium of Tennessee State University.
'The first lady told her 170 ___2_____ that she spent too much of her time in college _____3___ on acadamic achievements. While her success in college and law school ____4____ a good job, she said, she ended up focusing on public service. “My message to you today is that don’t ____5______ a minute living someone else’s dream”she said. “It ______6___ a lot of real work to discover what brings you___7____ and you won’t find what you love simply by _____8_____ mailboxes or surfing the net."
She said MLK reminded her of her own high school ______9____ in Chicago. “My No. 1 _____10__ was to go to a high school that would push me and___11______me,” she said: “I wanted to go somewhere that would ____12_____achievement. ___13_____ schools like this don't exist for every kid,” she said. “You are blessed.”
The first lady told graduates that__14____ may be a part of their college lives and careers, and that how they respond ___15_____ what they will became. “That’s when you ___16_____what you are really made of in those hard times,” she said. “But you can only do that if you’re willing to put yourself in a position ____17_____ you might fail.” Overcoming diffcultie has been the ____18_____of many great people，she said, “Oprah was demoted (降職)from her first job as a news reporter, and now she doesn’t even need a last name,” she said of media giant Oprah Winfrey.And then there’s this guy Barack Obama. I could ____19______a whole afternoon talking about his failures. He ___20____ his first race for Congress”.the first lady joked, “and now he gets to call himself my husband.
小題1:
A．happened toB．took placeC．occurred toD．came across
小題2:
A．graduatesB．teachersC．studentsD．teenagers
小題3:
A．dependingB．focusingC．decidingD．living
小題4:
A．led toB．referred toC．looked forward toD．occurred to
小題5:
A．spendB．spoilC．enjoyD．waste
小題6:
A．demandB．takesC．spendD．benefit
小題7:
A．energyB．powerC．joyD．laughter
小題8:
A．openingB．checkingC．writingD．designing
小題9:
A．experienceB．memoryC．failureD．events
小題10:
A．taskB．goalC．homeworkD．wish
小題11:
A．disappointB．encourageC．satisfyD．challenge
小題12:
A．celebrateB．congratulateC．a(chǎn)pplyD．a(chǎn)nalyse
小題13:
A．UnfortunatelyB．FortunatelyC．OccasionallyD．Unexpectedly
小題14:
A．happinessB．sadnessC．failureD．success
小題15:
A．a(chǎn)ffectsB．determinesC．dedicatesD．donates
小題16:
A．find outB．pull outC．beak outD．hold out
小題17:
A．whatB．whichC．whereD．that
小題18:
A．markB．shortcomingC．pointD．a(chǎn)dvantage
小題19:
A．turn onB．take onC．turn upD．take up
小題20:
A．a(chǎn)bandonedB．lostC．wonD．obtain

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：完形填空

The requirements for high school graduation have just changed in my community.As a result，all students must ____sixty hours of service learning，____ they will not receive a degree.Service learning is a kind of learning that helps the community.__ __ of service learning include cleaning up a polluted river，working in a soup kitchen，or instructing a student.__ __ a service experience，students must keep a journal(日志) every day and then write a ____ about what they have learned.
Supporters claim that there are many ____ of service learning. Perhaps most importantly，students are forced to think ____ their own interests and become ____ of the needs of others.Students are also able to learn real－life skills that ____ responsibility，problem－solving，and working as part of a team.____，students can explore possible careers ____ service learning.For example，if a student wonders what teaching is like，he or she can choose to work in a school classroom a few afternoons each month.
____ there are many benefits，opponents(反對(duì)者)____ problems. First，they ____ that the main reason students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills.Because service learning is time－consuming，students spend ___ time studying the core subjects.Second，they believe that forcing students to work without ____ goes against the law.By requiring service，the school takes away a student's freedom to choose.
In my view，service learning is a great way to ____ to the community，learn new skills，and explore different careers.____，I don't believe you should force people to help others—the ____ to help must come from the heart.I think the best ____ is one that gives students choices： a student should be able to choose sixty hours of independent study or sixty hours of service.Choice encourages both freedom and responsibility，and as young adults，we must learn to handle both wisely.
小題1:
A．spendB．gainC．completeD．save
小題2:
A．a(chǎn)ndB．orC．butD．for
小題3:
A．SubjectsB．IdeasC．DoubtsD．Examples
小題4:
A．WithB．BeforeC．DuringD．After
小題5:
A．diaryB．reportC．noteD．notice
小題6:
A．coursesB．benefitsC．challengesD．features
小題7:
A．beyondB．a(chǎn)boutC．overD．in
小題8:
A．carefulB．proudC．tiredD．a(chǎn)ware
小題9:
A．possessB．a(chǎn)pplyC．includeD．a(chǎn)gree
小題10:
A．GraduallyB．FinallyC．LuckilyD．Hopefully
小題11:
A．throughB．a(chǎn)crossC．ofD．on
小題12:
A．SoB．ThusC．SinceD．While
小題13:
A．deal withB．look intoC．point outD．take down
小題14:
A．a(chǎn)rgueB．doubtC．overlookD．a(chǎn)dmit
小題15:
A．muchB．fullC．lessD．more
小題16:
A．costB．payC．careD．praise
小題17:
A．contributeB．a(chǎn)ppealC．a(chǎn)ttendD．belong
小題18:
A．ThereforeB．OtherwiseC．BesidesD．However
小題19:
A．courageB．desireC．emotionD．spirit
小題20:
A．decisionB．purposeC．solutionD．result

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The color red often means danger --- and by paying attention, accidents can be prevented. At railroad crossings, flashing red fights warn cars to stay back. A red light at a traffic crossing tells cars to stop, so they don't run into other cars.
In the future, the color red also may help prevent danger at construction sites. Thanks to new work by engineers, bridge supports --- or other kinds of materials --- could one day contain a color-changing material. It will turn red before a structure collapses(倒塌) or falls apart.
The secret behind the color-changing material is a particular type of molecule(分子). Molecules come in all shapes and sizes, and make up everything you can see, touch or feel. How a molecule behaves depends on what kinds of atoms(原子) it contains, and how they're held together.
To get a rough picture of one way atoms are held together in a molecule, imagine you and your friends standing in a large circle, holding hands. Each person represents one atom, your clasped hands represent the bond, and the entire circle represents a molecule.
The molecule being used to turn the material red is called mechanophore(機(jī)械響應(yīng)性聚合物). When one chemical bond in the mechanophore molecule breaks, the rest of the molecule turns red.
There is a way to get rid of~ the red color: light. When a bright light is shone on the mechanophore, the broken bond is fixed and the red color disappears. This "self-healing" may be a problem for engineers who want to use the color-changer in big construction projects that will be outside, in the sunlight. And if bright light keeps the red color from appearing, then the mechanophore's warning system will be useless.
Scientists still have a lot of work to do before the color-changing molecules can be used outside the lab. If mechanophore can be used in the real world, they are suggested to be employed in a new kind of paint.
小題1:The first paragraph mainly tells us __________.
A．the color red is widely used in our life
B．how to prevent car accidents
C．the color is an important signal of warning
D．how to use color red
小題2:The color red will be used at construction sites to _________.
A．tell different materials used in the building
B．warn people that the building is dangerous
C．make the building more beautiful
D．tell people the building is under construction
小題3:The example given in the fourth paragraph is to show _________.
A．the way atoms are held together in a molecule
B．how a molecule behaves in an object
C．how to play an old game
D．how people get along with each other
小題4:What can make the mechanophore’s warning system ineffective?
A．PaintsB．WaterC．Poor building materialsD．The bright light

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Global warming happens when greenhouse gases trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This is like when heat is trapped in a car. On a hot day, the car gets hotter when it is out in the parking lot. This is because the heat and light from the sun can get into the car, by going through the windows，but it can’t get back out. This is what the greenhouse effect does to the earth .The heat and light can get through the atmosphere, but it can’t get out As a result，the temperature rises.
Sometimes the temperature can change in a way that helps us. The greenhouse effect makes the earth appropriate for people to live on Without it，the earth would be freezing，or it would be burning hot. It would be freezing at night because we would not get the sun’s heat and light .During the day, especially during the summer, it would be burning because the sun would be up with no atmosphere to filter(過(guò)濾)it，so people，plants，and animals would be exposed to all the light and heat.
Although the greenhouse effect makes the earth able to have people living on it，if there gets to be too many gases，the each can get unusually warmer, and many plants，animals．a(chǎn)nd people will die. Plants would die because they would not be able to take the heat .This would cause us to have less food to eat, and it would also limit the food that animals have. With less food for the animals that we need to survive we would even have less food. Gradually, people，plants，and animals would all die of hunger．
People are doing many things to try to stop global warming .One thing is carpooling—driving with someone to a place that you are both going to. Another thing is being more careful about leaving electrical devices turned on. Now, more people are even riding buses or bikes to lower the amount of greenhouse gases in the air .Although adults do many things to help stop global warming, kids call do just as much.
小題1:By the example given in Paragraph l, the author wants to__________.
A．explain how global warming happens
B．show his feeling in a car in hot summer
C．tell us cars are causes of greenhouse gases
D．say that I there are greenhouse gases in every car
小題2:The underlined word ‘it” in Paragraph 2 refers to__________.
A．lightB．greenhouse effectC．temperatureD．heat
小題3:What is the effect of atmosphere?
A．IT only traps the heat of the sun.
B．It does great harm to humans.
C．It makes the earth neither to hot nor too cold.
D．It prevents all the light from the sun shining on the earth.
小題4:What is the main idea of the third paragraph?
A．lf there is greenhouse effect．a(chǎn)ll the plants will die
B．Human beings are likely to disappear from the earth
C．Crops can ′t take in the heat lf there is greenhouse effect
D．Although greenhouse effect is necessary．Too much of it will cause us to die.
小題5:What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A．What kids can do to help stop global warming.
B．Who should be responsible for the environmental problems.
C．What global warming is doing to the environment.
D．Why cars and buses pollute the air a lot

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children's success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危機(jī)) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids' control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extra­curricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小題1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.
A．don't do a very good job on teaching them to walk
B．a(chǎn)re to blame if the kids do poorly in school
C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids' success
D．should take part in extra­curricular activities with kids
小題2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.
A．the motivation was suddenly lost
B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone
C．the learning disability was suddenly lost
D．the fire was suddenly gone
小題3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.
A．learning disabilityB．classmate pressure
C．emphasis on testingD．extra­curricular activities
小題4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?
A．Punishing kids who don't display ambition.
B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance.
C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.
D．Praising the effort and progress they have made.

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