13．In any culture，the development of self-control is important．This ability，which depends on the prefrontal cortex（前顎皮層），provides the basis for mental flexibility，social skills and regulation．It predicts success in education，career and marriage．Indeed，childhood self-control is twice as important as intelligence in predicting academic achievement．Contrarily，poor self-control in primary school increases the risk of adult financial difficulties，criminal behavior，single parenthood and drug dependence．
Traditionally，Asian students succeed in part because they show good self-control from an early age．In one study，Chinese preschoolers were six months ahead of American children in developing mental control．Another study found that Korean 3-year-olds did as well on such tasks as British children who were 17-months older．
Self-control can be built through practice．Chinese parenting emphasizes child training，which combines close supervision（監(jiān)管） of performance with strong financial support and motivation for the child's efforts．This approach comes at a great cost to parents and children．East Asian students study long and hard．
Fortunately for American parents，psychologists find that children can develop self-control through their own effort．Behavior is powerfully shaped not only by parents or teachers but also by children themselves．The key is to take advantage of the child's own drives for play，social interaction and other rewards．
Effective approaches for building self-control combine fun with progressively increasing challenges．Rather than force activities onto an unwilling child，take advantage of his or her individual tendencies．When children develop self-control through their own effort for happiness，no parental guidance is required．Find something that the child is crazy about but that requires active effort．Whether it's doing baseball statistics or making （but not passively watching） YouTube videos，favorite hobbies build mental staying power that can also be used for math homework．
41．The first paragraph tells usA．
A．the importance of self-control
B．the definition of self-control
C．self-control in our education
D．self-control and achievement
42．Good self-control in the early age can probablyC．
A．guarantee the success of one's career
B．increases the possibility of one's failure
C．bring positive influence to a person
D．influence one's intelligence greatly
43．We can learn from the second paragraph thatB．
A．Asian students are much cleverer in an early age
B．good self-control contributes much to the success of Asian students
C．17-months old British children are cleverer than Korean 3-year-olds
D．American preschoolers'mental control is developed half a year earlier
44．East Asian students study long and hard because their parentsB．
A．encourage them by giving them money
B．not only supervise but also motivate them
C．train their self-control through their own efforts
D．train their intelligence intentionally
45．We learn from the last two paragraphs thatD．
A．children are crazy about making efforts to develop their self-control
B．children's self-control can be shaped by parents and teachers
C．effective approaches for building self-control can combine with math
D．developing self-control through their own effort is most important．
分析 這是一篇科普文章，簡要介紹了自控能力的重要性，探討了東西方培養(yǎng)孩子自控能力的不同方法，以及作者認為最有效的方法．
解答 41-45ACBBD
41．答案為A．考查文段主旨大意的理解的能力．根據(jù)文章首句"In any culture，the development of self-control is important．"以及后面的論述可知，該段主要講自制力的重要性．
42．答案為C．考查細節(jié)理解的能力．根據(jù)第一段最后兩句話和第二段的內(nèi)容可推知，越早具備良好的自制力就越有可能在未來的各個領域取得成功．
43．答案為B．考查細節(jié)理解的能力．根據(jù)第二段Traditionally，Asian students succeed in part because they show good self-control from an early age…Another study found that Korean 3-year-olds did as well on such tasks as British children who were 17-months older．可知，良好的自我控制有助于亞洲學生的成功，故答案為B
44．答案為B．考查細節(jié)理解的能力．根據(jù)第三段Chinese parenting emphasizes child training，which combines close supervision（監(jiān)管） of performance with strong financial support and motivation for the child's efforts．This approach comes at a great cost to parents and children．可知，亞洲家長既監(jiān)管孩子學習又給予孩子支持與幫助，故答案為B
45．答案為D．考查對文章細節(jié)的理解能力．由最后兩段的內(nèi)容可知，一旦孩子們靠自己的努力形成了自制力，就無需家長指導了．由此可見，讓孩子們靠自己的努力來形成自制力最為重要．故答案為D
點評 1、要想做好科普英語閱讀理解題，同學們就要注意平時多讀科普知識類文章，學習科普知識，積累常見的科普詞匯，從根本上提高科普英語的閱讀能力．
2、要熟悉科普類文章的結構特點．科普類文章一般由標題（Head line），導語（Introduction），背景（Back ground），主體（Main body）和結尾（End）五部分構成．標題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來看，這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標題，而要同學們選擇標題．導語一般位于整篇文章的首段．背景交待一個事實的起因．主體則對導語概括的事實進行詳細敘述，這一部分命題往往最多，因此，閱讀時，同學們要把這部分作為重點．結尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導語相呼應，命題者常在此要設計一道推理判斷題．
3、在進行推理判斷時，同學們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學事實為依據(jù)，同時所得出的結論還應符合基本的科普常識．
