Fish species are expected to shrink in size by up to 24% because of global warming, say scientists.
The scientists argue that failure to control greenhouse gas emissions will have a greater effect on marine ecosystems than previously thought. Previous research has suggested that changing ocean temperatures would affect both the distribution and the reproductive abilities of many species of fish. This new work suggests that fish size would also be heavily affected.
The researchers built a model to see how fish would react to lower levels of oxygen in the water. As ocean temperatures increase, so do the body temperatures of fish. But, according to lead author, Dr William Cheung, from the University of British Columbia, the lower level of oxygen in the water is key. Warmer waters could decrease ocean oxygen levels and greatly reduce fish body weight. On the other hand, rising temperatures directly increase the metabolic rate of the fish's body function. This leads to an increase in oxygen demand for normal body activities. So the fish will run out of oxygen for growth at a smaller body size.
The research team also used its model to predict fish movements as a result of warming waters. The group believes that most fish populations will move towards the Earth's poles at a rate of up to 35km per decade. "So in, say, the North Sea," says Dr Cheung," one would expect to see more smaller-body fish from tropical waters in the future."
Taking these factors into consideration, the research team concludes that fish body size will shrink between 14% and 24%, with the largest decreases in the Indian and Atlantic oceans.
When compared with actual observations of fish sizes, the model seems to underestimate what's actually happening in the seas. The researchers looked at two case studies involving North Atlantic cod and haddock. They found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in body size than the models had predicted.
Dr Alan Baudron, from the University of Aberdeen, UK, believes smaller-sized fish could seriously affect the ability of fish to reproduce. "Smaller fish produce fewer and smaller eggs which could affect the reproductive potential of fish stocks," he said.
小題1:What's the main idea of the passage?
A．Global warming makes fish smaller.
B．Global warming makes fish decrease in numbers.
C．Global warming affects the fish distribution.
D．Global warming affects the ability of fish to reproduce.
小題2:What is the key factor making the fish smaller now?
A．The rising body temperatures.
B．The lower level of oxygen in the water.
C．The increasing metabolic rate.
D．The normal body activities.
小題3:We can infer that as ocean temperatures increase          .
A．more big fish will be born in the sea
B．fish tend to swim towards the shore
C．fish tend to move towards the warm areas
D．fish tend to move towards the colder areas
小題4:What does the underlined word "underestimate" mean?
A．make an exact prediction ofB．make too low an estimate of
C．make too high an estimate ofD．make a careful study of

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:D
小題4:B 

試題分析：文章大意：科學(xué)研究表明，由于全球變暖，使得魚(yú)變得越來(lái)越小。
小題1:A主旨大意題。根據(jù)大意及文章第一句Fish species are expected to shrink in size by up to 24% because of global warming, say scientists.可以歸納出文章的主旨大意。故A正確。
小題2:B細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。由第三段But, according to lead author, Dr William Cheung, from the University of British Columbia, the lower level of oxygen in the water is key. Warmer waters could decrease ocean oxygen levels and greatly reduce fish body weight.可得水中的氧氣是關(guān)鍵。故B正確。
小題3:D推理判斷題。根據(jù)本段文章中第四段The group believes that most fish populations will move towards the Earth's poles at a rate of up to 35km per decade.可以推測(cè)魚(yú)趨向于朝更冷的地方移動(dòng)。故D正確。
小題4:B詞義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第二段They found that recorded data on these fish showed greater decreases in body size than the models had predicted.可知underestimate為“低估”之意。故B正確。
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

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[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
[C] the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
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[C] The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
[D] about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
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is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
[C] is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.
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a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
[D] Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
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[A] salary for Ph. D. too low.
academic requirement too high.
[C] salary for dropouts too high.
[D] 1000 positions.
Vocabulary
dropout          輟學(xué)者，中途退學(xué)
well-rounded       全面的
attrition          縮/減員，磨損
drain          枯竭
bracket          一類(lèi)人，（尤指按收入分類(lèi)的）階層
lagging behind other fields    落后于其它領(lǐng)域
glum          陰郁的

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Going Green
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a．a(chǎn)rtificial leaves split water into hydrogen and oxygen
b．the hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in a fuel cell
c．the artificial leaves are put in water
d．the fuel cell uses hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity
A．c，a，b，d B．c，b，a，d
C．b，c，a，dD．c，a，d，b
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A．the benefits of studying abroad
B．the time for studying abroad
C．the difficulty you come across when you're abroad
D．some tips on how to get used to a new environment
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A．When you're at work.B．When you are free.
C．At any time you like.D．When you are in college.
小題3:What does the underlined word“encountered” here mean?
A．Opposed.B．Experienced.C．Solved.D．Explained.
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A．getting cross-cultural experience
B．improving communication skills and self-confidence
C．improving your foreign language
D．learning how to get along with people

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A．to introduce the topic of nanotechnology
B．to help us better understand nanotechnology
C．to help us know more about microtechnology
D．to compare microtechnology with nanotechnology
小題2:The example of the “gold” in the last paragraph is intended to show that_________.
A．gold is valuable because it is an inert substance
B．a(chǎn)n inert substance like gold doesn’t interact with water or oxygen
C．the function of gold is steady because it is an inert substance
D．the function of gold changes when made into something very small
小題3:Which process explains that there might be risks in nanotechnology?
A．expand surface area →increase interactivity → change functionality→cause possible dangers
B．expand surface area → change functionality → increase interactivity →cause possible dangers
C．increase interactivity → expand surface area → change functionality→cause possible dangers
D．increase interactivity → change functionality → expand surface area→cause possible dangers
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A．the introduction of nanotechnology and its wide use
B．the present use of nanotechnology and its future
C．the potential danger nanotechnology may bring us
D．the proposal to stop nanotechnology due to the potential danger

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