Question

Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to push an elderly woman aside to take the last remaining seat on the underway or bus.

This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with politeness and that those who go out to work should take their turns in the rat race like anyone else. But women have never claimed to be physically strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, the fact remains that courtesy(禮節(jié)) should be shown to the old and the sick. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently(冷漠地) reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves, “First come, first served” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple(殘障者) stands? Yet this is all too often seen.

Older people, tired and impatient from a day’s work, are not always considerate either — far from it. Many arguments break out as the older people push and squeeze(擠)each other to get on buses. One cannot approve this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.

It seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won’t bother to assist; taxi drivers shout at each other as they dash dangerously around corners; bus conductors pull the bell before their desperate passengers have time to get on or off the bus, and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young to do their small part to stop such lowering of moral standards.

Title：Manners in Metropolitan Cities

Theme	Politeness is 1. , especially in large cities.
Phenomena and Excuses	Phenomena	Excuses
Big, strong schoolboys push elderly women aside to 2. on the last remaining seats.
Young men 3. to treat women politely.	Women think they are4. to men, so they should take their turns in the rat race like others.
Young people sit indifferently5. while grey-haired women, mothers with 6. and disabled people stand by.	First come, first served.
The elderly themselves push each other to get on buses.
7.	●Communications in transport are not satisfactory. ●Communication between people doesn’t go 8. and politely. ●People are too9. and too rushed to care about others.
Solution	Young people make an 10. to stop such lowering of moral standards.

 

Answer 1

1.disappearing/non-existent/missing/lacking/lost

2.sit/rest

3.refuse/hate/dislike

4.equal

5.reading

6.children/babies

7.Causes/Analysis

8.smoothly

9.tired

10.effort

【解析】

試題分析：

1.disappearing/non-existent/missing/lacking/lost 詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)文章第一句Manners nowadays in metropolitan cities like London are practically non-existent.可知在大城市里禮貌已經(jīng)不存在了。使用disappearing/non-existent/missing/lacking/lost換non-existent。

2.sit/rest 詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)第一段第二句It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to push an elderly woman aside to take the last remaining seat on the underway or bus把句中的take the last remaining seat on the underway or bus換成sit/rest on the last remaining seats。

3.refuse/hate/dislike 轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)文章since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with politeness可知很多年輕人拒絕幫助女性，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在倡導(dǎo)男女平等。

4.equal 詞義轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with politeness and that those who go out to work should take their turns in the rat race like anyone else.可知因?yàn)槟信�平等，在種族上他們應(yīng)該承擔(dān)相關(guān)的責(zé)任。

5.reading 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)第二段we can sit there indifferently(冷漠地) reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves可知使用reading。

6.children/babies 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)文章第二段“First come, first served” while a grey-haired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple(殘障者) stands?可知在很多情況下，帶著孩子的大人都沒(méi)有人讓座。

7.Causes/Analysis 總結(jié)歸納題。根據(jù)右邊一列內(nèi)容可知這一行是在分析出現(xiàn)這一情況的原因�？梢允褂胏ause（原因），也可以使用analysis分析。

8.】smoothly 詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)最后一段第一句 It seems urgent, not only that communications in transport should be improved, but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite.原句中使用形容詞smooth,表格里各politely一樣使用副詞做狀語(yǔ)。

9.tired 原詞再現(xiàn)。根據(jù)最后一段第二句All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite.

10.effort 同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)文章最后一句It seems to us that it is up to the young to do their small part to stop such lowering of moral standards.年輕人要在這一方面做出自己的努力，用effort換文章中的part。

考點(diǎn)：任務(wù)型閱讀