8.Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300feet-as far as most light can reach.Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.Sonke Johnsen,a scientist in biology,says,"These animals live through their life alone.They never touch anything unless they're eating it,or unless something is eating them."
And they are as clear as glass.How does an animal become see-through?It's trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light.Light typically travels in a straight line.But some materials slow and scatter(散射) light,bouncing it away from its original path.Others absorb light,stopping it dead in its tracks.Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it,so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn't absorb or scatter light,at least not very much,Light can pass through it without bending or stopping.That means a transparent object doesn't look very different from the surrounding air or water.You don't see it----you see the things behind it.
To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments(色素) that absorb specific colors of light.But a transparent animal doesn't have pigments,so its tissues won't absorb light.According to Johnsen,avoiding absorption is actually easy.The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials----skin,fat,and more----and light moves through each at a different speed.Every time light moves into a material with a new speed,it bends and scatters.Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering.Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat.Without much tissue to scatter light,it is easier to be see-through.Others build a large,clear mass of non-living jelly-lie(果凍狀的)material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge,because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does.They need to look uniform.But how they're doing it is still unknown.One thing is clear for these larger animals,staying transparent is an active process.When they die,they turn a non-transparent milky white.
63.According to Paragraph 1,transparent animalsB.
A.stay in groups
B.can be easily damaged
C.a(chǎn)ppear only in deep ocean
D.a(chǎn)re beautiful creatures
64.The underlined word"dead"in Paragraph 3meansD.
A.silently
B.gradually
C.regularly
D.completely
65.One way for an animal to become transparent is toC.
A.change the direction of light travel
B.gather materials to scatter light.
C.a(chǎn)void the absorption of light
D.grow bigger to stop light.
66.The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animalsD.
A.move more slowly in deep water
B.stay see-through even after death
C.produce more tissues for their survival
D.take effective action to reduce light spreading.
分析 文章解釋了生活在海洋的透明生物的特點(diǎn),透明原理,以及形成機(jī)制.
解答 63.答案:B.細(xì)節(jié)理解題.文章第一段第三行:Mostof them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch.得知B選項(xiàng):透明動(dòng)物是很容易受傷的.
64.答案:D.詞義猜測(cè)題.該詞出現(xiàn)在文章第三段第三行.前文提到了:你能看到的物體一種是對(duì)光線(xiàn)進(jìn)行了散射;而另外一種是對(duì)光線(xiàn)的吸收.既然吸收了,那在光的傳播過(guò)程中就完全阻止了,因此這里dead是完全的意思.
65.答案:C.推理判斷題.根據(jù)第五段第一句To become transparent,an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.可知,想變透明就要避免散射或吸收光線(xiàn),因此其中的一個(gè)方法是C選項(xiàng),避免光線(xiàn)的吸收.
66.答案:D.推理判斷題.根據(jù)最后一段第一句中"…make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does."可以推斷出.
slow down對(duì)應(yīng)reduce.
點(diǎn)評(píng) 本篇文章考查了科普說(shuō)明文的閱讀.科普說(shuō)明文是高考閱讀理解中的重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn).在閱讀此類(lèi)文章時(shí),學(xué)生會(huì)覺(jué)得篇幅長(zhǎng)、生詞多、邏輯性強(qiáng)、長(zhǎng)句多、話(huà)題陌生且枯燥,表達(dá)方式專(zhuān)業(yè)化.因此,要求學(xué)生要掌握相對(duì)的解題技巧與能力.在讀此類(lèi)文章時(shí),要弄清文章的主題.