Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學(xué)的） basis to their preferences（偏愛）.
Psychologists Dr. Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants(嬰兒) aged nine months to 36 months. The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys. Some were stereotypically boys' toys - a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy.  The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set. They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked. Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded.
Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.
Dr Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization(社會(huì)化). Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colours such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”
【小題1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because__________.    

A．baby boys are much more active
B．baby girls like bright colours more
C．there is a natural difference between them
D．their parents treat them differently
【小題2】What can we infer from Paragraph 3?
A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.
B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.
C．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.
D．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.
【小題3】What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?
A．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.
B．Adults purposely（故意地） influence their babies preference.
C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.
D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.
【小題4】We may read this article in a_________ section of a newspaper.
A．healthB．scienceC．educationD．entertainment


【小題1】C
【小題2】D
【小題3】A
【小題4】B

解析試題分析：本文講述的是在男孩和女孩之間存在著天然的差異，這種差異是不以環(huán)境年齡的變化而變化的。
【小題1】C 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段2,3行The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological（生物學(xué)的） basis to their preferences（偏愛）.可知在男孩和女孩之間存在著自然的差異。故C正確。
【小題2】D 推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段前4行Of the youngest children (nine to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched.可知孩子的年齡越大，表現(xiàn)出的偏向就越明顯。故D正確。
【小題3】A 推理題。根據(jù)文章最后2段There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.和There could be a biological basis for their choices. 可知孩子的偏愛是天生的，是不受別人影響的。故A正確。
【小題4】B 推理題。本文講述的是男孩和女孩在所喜歡的物體之間存在的差異，這屬于科普類的話題，故B正確。
考點(diǎn)：考察科普類短文閱讀
點(diǎn)評(píng)：本文講述的是在男孩和女孩之間存在著天然的差異，這種差異是不以環(huán)境年齡的變化而變化的。
科普類短文中對(duì)學(xué)生的推理能力，推測(cè)下文題應(yīng)通過對(duì)文字表面的認(rèn)識(shí)，把握住推理范圍，利用相關(guān)部分提供的事實(shí)、背景知識(shí)和自己固有的綜合知識(shí)，保持正確的思維過程和遵循嚴(yán)格的邏輯規(guī)律，做出正確的推斷。還需要把上下文的意思聯(lián)系起來，弄懂前后句之間的邏輯關(guān)系。同時(shí)也要注意句子間或段落間的上下過渡，或呼應(yīng)的承接詞語的作用，包括連接詞、某些副詞及介詞短語等等。這些承接詞語往往被用來表示主題思想與輔助論點(diǎn)之間、輔助論點(diǎn)本身之間的聯(lián)系。我們可把它們看作信號(hào)詞，對(duì)我們的思維起著指示方向的作用。借助它們的提示，才可以準(zhǔn)確地分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和段落結(jié)構(gòu)，分清層次，確定文章的主題思想和細(xì)節(jié)等等，然后推測(cè)出在這篇短文之后再需寫什么與上文有關(guān)的內(nèi)容。

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科目：高中英語 來源：2009年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試江蘇卷英語試題 題型：閱讀理解

When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously（同時(shí)的）about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what' s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen -- they can' t do both -- and they don' t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships -- not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.
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Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl（爬）, while boys will head for the toy cars, a study has shown． The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences．
Psychologists Dr． Brenda Todd from City University London carried out an experiment involving 90 infants aged nine months to 36 months． The babies were allowed to choose from seven toys． Some were typically boys' toys: a car, a digger, a ball and a blue teddy． The rest were girls’ toys: a pink teddy, a doll and a cooking set． They were placed a meter away from the toys, and could pick whichever toy they liked． Their choice and the amount of time they spent playing with each toy were recorded．
Of the youngest children （nine to 14 months）, girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did． Among the two-and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it． The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched． There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more suitable for boys or girls, and the children’s choice．
Dr． Brenda Todd said: “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization． Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference． But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys． There could be a biological basis for their choices． Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the color of a newborn baby．”
【小題1】Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because         ．

A．baby boys are much more active
B．baby girls like bright colors more
C．there is a natural difference between them
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D．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is．
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A．a(chǎn) teddyB．a(chǎn) carC．a(chǎn) dollD．a(chǎn) ball
【小題4】We may read this article in a        section of a newspaper．
A．healthB．scienceC．cultureD．entertainment

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Baby girls make their way directly for dolls as soon as they can crawl, while boys will head for cars, a study has shown. The findings, the first to show differences in very young babies, suggest there is a biological basis to their preferences.

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Of the youngest children (9 to 14 months), girls spent significantly longer playing with the doll than boys, and boys spent much more time with the car and ball than the girls did. Among the two and three-year-olds, girls spent 50 percent of the time playing with the doll while only two boys briefly touched it. The boys spent almost 90 percent of their time playing with cars, which the girls barely touched. There was no link between the parents’ view on which toys were more appropriate for boys or girls, and the children’s choice.

Dr Brenda Todd said, “Children of this age are already exposed to much socialization. Boys may be given ‘toys that go’ while girls get toys they can care for, which may help shape their preference. But these findings agree with the former idea that children show natural interests in particular kinds of toys. There could be a biological basis for their choices. Males through evolution have been adapted to prefer: moving objects, probably through hunting instincts（本能）, while girls prefer warmer colors such as pink, the colour of a newborn baby.”                                

1.Baby boys and girls have different toy preferences probably because ________.

A．baby boys are much more active

B．baby girls like bright colours more

C．their parents treat them differently

D．there is a natural difference between them

2.Both baby boys and baby girls like to play with ________ according to the study.

A．a(chǎn) ball

B．a(chǎn) teddy

C．a(chǎn) car

D．a(chǎn) doll

3.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?

A．Nine-month-old baby boys don’t play with dolls at all.

B．Two-year-old baby girls sometimes play with cars and balls.

C．The older the babies are, the more obvious their preference is.

D．Parents should teach their babies to share each other’s toys.

4.What conclusion did Dr. Brenda Todd draw from the results of the study?

A．Adults purposely influence their babies’ preference.

B．Babies’ preference isn’t affected by social surroundings.

C．Baby boys preferring to moving toys will be good at hunting.

D．Baby girls preferring warmer colors will be warm-hearted.

 

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When women sit together to watch a movie on TV, they usually talk simultaneously（同時(shí)的）about a variety of subjects, including children, men, careers and what' s happening in their lives. When groups of men and women watch a movie together, the men usually end up telling the women to shut up. Men can either talk or watch the screen -- they can' t do both -- and they don' t understand that women can. Besides, women consider that the point of all getting together is to have a good time and develop relationships -- not just to sit there like couch potatoes staring at the screen.

During the ad breaks, a man often asks a woman to explain the plot and tell him where the relationship between the characters is going. He is unable, unlike women, to read the subtle body language signals that reveal how the characters are feeling emotionally. Since women originally spent their days with the other women and children in the group, they developed the ability to communicate successfully in order to maintain relationships. For a woman, speech continues to have such a clear purpose: to build relationships and make friends. For men, to talk is to relate the facts.

Men see the telephone as a communication tool for sending facts and information to other people, but a woman sees it as a means of bonding. A woman can spend two weeks on vacation with her girlfriend and, when she returns home, telephone the same girlfriend and talk for another two hours.

There is no convincing evidence that social conditioning, the fact that girls' mothers talked them more, is the reason why girls talk more than boys. Psychiatrist Dr Michael Lewis, author of Social Behaviour and Language Acquisition, conducted experiments that found mothers talked  to and looked at, baby girls more often than baby boys. Scientific evidence shows parents respond to the brain bias of their children. Since a girl’s brain is better organized to send and receive speech，we therefore talk to them more. Consequently, mothers who try to talk to their sons are usually pointed to receive only short grunts in reply.

 

1. While watching TV with others, women Usually talk a lot because they

A. are afraid of awkward silence with their families and friends

B. can both talk and watch the screen at the Same time

C. think they can have a good time and develop relationships

D. have to explain the plot and body language to their husbands

2.After a vacation with her girlfriend, a woman would talk to her again on the phone for hours in order to              .

A. experience the happy time again    B. keep a close tie with her

C. recommend her a new scenic spot   D. remind her of something forgotten

3.What does the author want to tell us most?

A. Women' s brains are better organized for language and communication

B. Women love to talk because they are more sociable than men.

C. Men do not like talking because they rely more on facts.

D. Social conditioning is not the reason why women love talking.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A. Women Are Socially Trained to Talk      B. Talking Maintains Relationships

C. Women Love to Talk                  D. Men Talk Differently from Women

 

查看答案和解析>>

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