“Our aim is to take our art to the world and make people understand what it is to move,” said David Belle, the founder of parkour (跑酷).
Do you love running? It is a good exercise, yet many people find it boring. But what about making your morning jog a creative one? Like jumping from walls and over gaps, and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.
Yes, that's parkour, an extreme street sport aimed at moving from one point to another as quickly as possible, getting over all the obstacles in the path using only the abilities of the human body. Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.
Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds, but its participants see parkour much more than that.
Overcoming all the obstacles on the course and in life is part of the philosophy behind parkour. This is the same as life. You must determine your destination, go straight, jump over all the barriers as if in parkour and never fall back from them in your life, to reach the destination successfully. A parkour lover said, "I love parkour because its philosophy has become my life, my way to do everything."
Another philosophy we've learnt from parkour is freedom. It can be done by anyone, at any time, anywhere in the world. It is a kind of expression of trust in yourself that you earn energy and confidence.
【小題1】Parkour has become popular throughout the world because of________.
| A．its founder, David Belle | B．the film, Casino Royale |
| C．its risks and tricks | D．the varieties of participants |
| A．streets | B．objects | C．barriers | D．roofs |
| A．It challenges human abilities. | B．It is a good but boring sport. |
| C．It needs special training. | D．It is a team sport.. |
| A．reach the destination as soon as possible |
| B．choose the easiest way |
| C．challenge extremes |
| D．consider safety first |
【小題1】B
【小題2】C
【小題3】A
【小題4】C
解析試題分析：本文講述的是一項受人歡迎的運動parkour，介紹了這些運動的由來以及特點和背后所暗含的哲理。
【小題1】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第二段后3行Like jumping from walls and over gaps and ground rolls? Just like the James Bond in the movie Casino Royale? Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way. It is just because of Bond's wonderful performances that the sport has become popular worldwide.可知parkour的流行主要是因為Casino Royale的電影。故B正確。
【小題2】推理題。根據(jù)本句Bond jumps down from a roof to a windowsill and then runs several blocks over obstacles on the way.可知Bond越過了路上的障礙物，該詞是指障礙物的意思。故C正確。
【小題3】推理題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段第一句Parkour can be just as exciting and charming as it sounds，but its participants see parkour much more than that.可知這項運動能夠讓挑戰(zhàn)人類的能力，讓我們克服存在的困難。實現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)。故A正確。
【小題4】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第三段Parkour is considered an extreme sport. As its participants dash around a city, they may jump over fences, run up walls and even move from rooftop to rooftop.可知他們是在挑戰(zhàn)極限。故C正確。
考點：考查運動健身類短文
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陽光試卷單元測試卷系列答案科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
A new study links heavy air pollution from coal burning to shorter lives in northern China. Researchers estimate that the half-billion people alive there in the 1990s will live an average of 5 years less than their southern counterparts because they breathed dirtier air.
China itself made the comparison possible: for decades, a now-discontinued government policy provided free coal for heating, but only in the colder north. Researchers found significant differences in both particulate pollution of the air and life expectancy in the two regions.
While previous studies have found that pollution affects human health, "the deeper and ultimately more important question is the impact on life expectancy," said one of the researchers, Michael Greenstone, a professor of environmental economics at Massachusetts Institute of 一Technology. "This study provides a unique setting to answer the life expectancy question because the(heating) policy dramatically changes pollution concentrations（含量），，，Greenstone said in an email. "Further, due to the low rates of migration in China in this period, we can know people's exposure over long time periods," he said.
The policy gave free coal for fuel boilers to heat homes and offices to cities north of the Huai Riv饑which divides China into north and south. It was in effect for much of the 1950-198,0 period of central planning, and, though discontinued after 1980, it has left a legacy（遺留） in the north of heavy coal burning, which releases particulate pollutants into the air that can harm human health. Researchers found no other government policies that treated China's north differently from the south.
The researchers collected data for 90 cities, from 1981 to 2000, on the annual daily average concentration of total suspended（懸浮的）particulates. In China, those are considered to be particulates that are 100 micrometers or less in diameter, sent out from sources including power stations, construction sites and vehicles. Among them, PM2.5 is of especially great health concern because it can go deep into the lungs.
The researchers estimated the impact on life expectancies using death data from 1991-2000． They found that in the north, the concentration of particulates was 184 micrograms per cubic meter一or 55 percent higher than in the south, and life expectancies were 5.5 years lower on average across all age ranges.
【小題1】The main idea of this passage is that＿·
| A．research in China finds air pollution shortened life expectancy |
| B．the government provided free coal for heating in North China |
| C．coal burning causes bad air quality across China |
| D．a(chǎn) new study finds different particulates in South China |
| A．power stations | B．construction sites |
| C．the free heating policy | D．gases from vehicles |
| A．coal is no longer used for heating in North China |
| B．a(chǎn)ir quality was comparatively better in South China |
| C．southerners burned coals for heating in the 1980s |
| D．people preferred to live in South China after 1980 |
| A．dirty clouds | B．particular smoke |
| C．harmful dust | D．dangerous bacteria |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Cancer researchers urged people on Wednesday to take more vitamin D to lower risk of cancer， saying studies showed a clear link. "Our suggestion is for people to increase their intake， through diet or a vitamin supplement，" Dr. Cedric Garland said in a telephone interview.
Garland's research team reviewed 63 studies， including several large long-term ones， on the relationship between vitamin D and certain types of cancer worldwide between 1966 and 2004. "There's nothing that has this ability to prevent cancer，" he said， urging governments and public health officials to do more to fortify foods with vitamin D.Garland is part of a University of California at San Diego Moores Cancer Center team that published its findings this week online in the American Journal of Public Health. Vitamin D is found in milk， as well as in some fortified orange juice， yogurt and cheeses， usually at around 100 international units （IU） a serving. People might want to consider a vitamin supplement to raise their intake to 1000 IUs per day， Garland said， adding that it was well within the safety guidelines established by the National Academy of Sciences.
The authors said that taking more vitamin D could be especially important for people living in northern areas， which receive less vitamin D from sunshine.
African Americans， who don't produce as much of the vitamin because of their skin colour， could also benefit significantly from a higher intake， the authors said.
【小題1】 According to the passage， people are advised to take more Vitamin D because_________.
| A．it is nutritious |
| B．it can‘t harm people’s health |
| C．it is not taken enough every day |
| D．it can lower cancer risk |
| A．Have more meat | B．Have some sunshine |
| C．Have a vitamin supplement | D．Have more fortified cheese |
| A．A scientist | B．A health researcher |
| C．A doctor | D．A public health official |
| A．Fortified orange juice | B．Milk |
| C．Fortified yogurt | D．All of the above |
| A．Asian people | B．American people |
| C．European people | D．African people |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Doctors in Britain are warning of an obesity time bomb, when children who are already overweight grow up. So, what should we do? Exercise more? Eat less? Or both? The government feels it has to take responsibility for this expanding problem.
The cheerful Mr. Pickwick, the hero of the novel by Charles Dickens, is seen in illustrations as someone who is plump and happy. In 18th century paintings, beauty is equated （使…等同） with rounded bodies and soft curves. But nowadays being overweight is seen as indicating neither a cheerful character nor beauty but an increased risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes.
So what do you do? Diet? Not according to England's chief medical officer, Sir Liam Donaldson. He says that physical activity is the key for reducing the risks of obesity, cancer and heart disease. And the Health Secretary John Reid even said that being inactive is as serious a risk factor in heart disease as smoking.
So, having bought some cross trainers, how much exercise should you do? According to Sir Liam Donaldson, at least 30 minutes of moderate activity five days a week. Is going to the gym the answer? Luckily for those who think that running machines are boring, the Health Development Agency believes that physical activity that fits into people's lives may be more effective. They suggest taking the stairs rather than the lift, walking up escalators, playing active games with your children, dancing or gardening. And according to a sports psychologist, Professor Biddle, gyms "are not making the nation fit", and may even cause harm.
There's new scientific evidence that too much exercise may actually be bad for you. Scientists at the University of Ulster have found that unsuitable exercise releases dangerous free radicals that can adversely （oppositely） affect normal function in unfit people. The only people who should push their bodies to that level of exercise on a regular basis are trained athletes.
So, should we forget about gyms and follow some expert's advice to reduce sedentary （久坐不動的） activities and increase exercise in our daily life? After all, getting off the bus a stop early and walking the rest of the way can't do any harm! One final thought. How come past generations lacked gym facilities but were leaner and fitter than people today?
【小題1】Mr.Pickwick and the paintings of the 18m century are used as examples to show that_____.
| A．beauty should be overweight |
| B．a(chǎn) fat man is usually a cheerful character |
| C．fatness was considered something good at one time |
| D．fatness leads to an increased risk of disease |
| A．go on a diet | B．do regular physical activity |
| C．give up smoking | D．go to the gym |
| A．people who help you do exercise | B．places where you can do exercise |
| C．a(chǎn) kind of shoes | D．a(chǎn) form of vehicles |
| A．a(chǎn)n increased risk of diseases | B．a(chǎn) happier life |
| C．a(chǎn) cheerful character | D．a(chǎn) beauty |
| A．how to keep fit and avoid fatness. | B．increased risks for overweight people. |
| C．the dangers of exercise in the gym. | D．the benefit of a balanced diet. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Walking is the exercise of choice for most dieters. You don't need a gym membership to do this effective exercise. Here's how to prepare:
The only equipment you really need is a decent pair of walking shoes. What matters most is comfort. When you're shopping for shoes:
●Wear the socks you plan to exercise in. That way you'll get the best fit.
●Try on both shoes. Most people's feet aren't exactly the same size. Choose a pair that fits your larger foot.
●Allow a little extra room. Feet swell when you walk, so buy a pair with about a thumb's width between your longest toe and the toe of the shoe.
Sure, walking comes naturally. But the following tips will help you stay comfortable and get the most out of your walk:
●Look ahead. Keep your neck straight and your head held high. If you have to look down to see where you're going, lower your eyes, not your head.
●Move both arms. Let your arms swing naturally at your sides, and you'll burn up to 15 percent more calories by keeping your arms moving.
●Don't carry unnecessary weight. Some people try to get in extra exercise by carrying a couple of light dumbbells(啞鈴), but fitness-walking experts say that's risky: The weights can pull you off balance and tighten muscles in your back or legs.
Walking is one of the safest activities. Still, the following tips may be helpful:
●If you're walking at night, wear a piece of reflective clothing.
●If the path is dimly lit, bring a good flashlight.
●When the weather's hot, be sure to drink some water before you set out and better take a bottle of water with you if you plan to walk quite a long time.
●If your path is rough, protect your ankles. Consider wearing a comfortable bandage for support.
【小題1】According to the text, which of the following is correct?
| A．Wearing a piece of reflective clothing can make you look smart. |
| B．Moving both arms while walking can help you lose more weight. |
| C．You should buy shoes with a little extra space for your smaller foot. |
| D．Losing weight by walking is always easy and effective without any danger. |
| A．a(chǎn), b, c, d, e, f | B．a(chǎn), c, d, e, f | C．a(chǎn), b, d, e, f | D．a(chǎn), d, e, f |
| A．He/She once got his/her legs injured while walking carrying light dumb-bells. |
| B．He/She might live in a small town with dimly lit streets. |
| C．He/She needs just a decent pair of walking shoes while walking. |
| D．He/She is quite experienced in the exercise of walking. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Good Housekeeping has discovered that even if a child wear a helmet when she bikes, or skates, it may not protect her from a serious head injury.
Every year, 390,000 children under age 15 go to hospital emergency rooms with bike-related injuries. Of that number, about one third children suffer head injuries and an estimated 200 die. By wearing a helmet, a child can reduce her risk of injury by as much as 85 percent. But remember —— a bicycle helmet must fit properly to be safe. Here are five steps to making sure your child's helmet fits properly.
1) If you haven't bought your child's helmet already, you might want to consider one with a rear stabilizer(穩(wěn)定桿). A rear stabilizer holds the back of the head gently and helps the helmet stay correctly positioned.
2) The helmet should fit closely and shouldn't slide from side to side or front to back. If your child can put two fingers on both temples inside the helmet, it's too big. Try a smaller size. But if the next size down is too small, use the fit pads(護墊). Fit pads come in different sizes and attach to the helmet with Velcro.
3) Tell your child to open her mouth widely and ask if she can feel the helmet push down onto the top of her head. If she can't, you need to readjust her helmet.
4) To prevent strap slippage, wind a rubber band around the strap where it meets the fastener.
5) Recheck the fit regularly.
You should replace the bicycle helmet:
If she has been in an accident with it.
If the buckle(金屬扣) breaks or if a piece breaks off.
If it doesn't have a U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, American Society for Testing and Materials, or Snell Memorial Foundation sticker.
If it doesn't fit correctly. Even if the helmet fit perfectly two years ago, it might be too small now.
【小題1】Who is this passage mainly written for?
| A．Children. | B．Teachers. | C．Parents. | D．helmet producers. |
| A．The bike-related injury is a serious threat to the children. |
| B．The bicycle helmets must fit properly while the children are biking. |
| C．It’s necessary for the children to wear helmets while biking. |
| D．Many students suffer bike-related injuries every year. |
| A．She must buy a smaller size. |
| B．She can use some fit pads. |
| C．She can put fingers on both temples inside the helmet. |
| D．She must make helmet slide from side to side. |
| A．buy a new bicycle helmet for her |
| B．mend the bicycle helmet himself |
| C．continue to use the bicycle helmet |
| D．throw away the broken buckle |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, the attitudes to dirt are always changing.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, and washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief above was longlived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many firsttime parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary，Mary Ruebush，an American immunologist(免疫學(xué)家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.
【小題1】The kings of France and England in the 16th century closed bath houses because ________.
| A．they believed disease could be spread in public baths |
| B．they thought bath houses were too dirty to stay in |
| C．they lived healthily in a dirty environment |
| D．they considered bathing as the cause of skin disease |
| A．Approving. | B．Afraid. | C．Curious. | D．Uninterested. |
| A．By providing examples. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By following the order of importance. |
| D．By following the order of time. |
| A．To stress the role of dirt. |
| B．To introduce the history of dirt. |
| C．To present the change of views on dirt. |
| D．To call attention to the danger of dirt. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
In today's fast-paced (快節(jié)奏) society, few people take time to enjoy the midday meal．Most of us just rush right through it. We grab a quick salad, or buy a sandwich and eat at our computers, Sometimes, if there is a deadline around the corner, we just skip lunch．
The development of technology hasn't done our eating habits much good either．We are constantly distracted by e-mail, social media, and 24 - hour news．Even when we do sit down for lunch, we are more connected to our hand - held electronic devices．
Long working hours can cause all kinds of health problems, and many developed countries have put in place labor laws specifically regarding the lunch break．These laws give employees the right to take a break during a long work shift, but it's up to them whether they do so or not．
Frank Partnoy, a former Wall Street trader, says that employers should encourage workers to take time off for lunch．This is because long lunch breaks can benefit both individuals and society.
Writing in The Guardian, Partnoy says that one obvious reason to take a lunch break is to slow down and gain some perspective（認(rèn)識）． A break from work allows us to think strategically and outside the box．It also puts our daily tasks into a broader context（背景）．
What we eat at lunch is also important．In Partnoy' s opinion, a fast food lunch is more harmful than not having lunch at all． And it's not just about calories and unhealthy food．Recent studies show that fast food also has negative effects on how we think．
However, if we sit down at a proper restaurant and chat leisurely with colleagues, we are more likely to slow down, something that hardly can be achieved in a noisy and over — packed fast food chain．
Despite these benefits, some employees might still be unwilling to take time off for lunch．Partnoy's suggestion? Make skipping lunch difficult: Employers could ask workers to fill out a form stating their reasons for skipping the meal．
【小題1】What does the underlined phrase "skip lunch" mean in the first paragraph?
| A．have a quick lunch | B．don't have lunch |
| C．work while having lunch | D．take a lunch break |
| A．Modern technology results in good diet habits． |
| B．Electronic devices make our life comfortable． |
| C．Many people are too busy to have a good lunch． |
| D．Laws have passed to make workers have lunch． |
| A．a(chǎn)re time for the workers to relax their mind |
| B．make the employees work longer hours |
| C．a(chǎn)re for employees to have a quick lunch |
| D．make the workers eat a proper lunch at home |
| A．saves a lot of time for a rest |
| B．a(chǎn)ffects people's way of thinking |
| C．is better than having no lunch |
| D．makes workers sit down and think |
| A．To warn us not to eat fast food． |
| B．To introduce Frank Partnoy's opinion． |
| C．To encourage us to work more efficiently． |
| D．To show the importance of a proper lunch． |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Are you nervous about climbing because you think it's too dangerous? Do you feel you're not fit enough to climb? Do you know how to start climbing?
Let's consider the idea that climbing is dangerous．Being afraid is natural, but if you use suitable ropes and other climbing equipments you will feel completely safe．Climbers are usually very careful because they know what they are doing is dangerous．Accidents happen, but when they do, they tend to attract a lot of publicity．As a result, people think there are many more accidents than there are in reality．
You cannot expect to start climbing straight away．Climbing is a challenge and challenges take time．It is necessary first of all that you achieve a good level of fitness．Begin as soon as you become interested in climbing? go to the gym, go swimming, take up jogging and continue to do so throughout your training period．
Discover as much as you can about climbing．Visit the library and find book, especially for beginners or buy climbing magazines and look for articles which describe your situation．Look up information on the Internet．Find out about equipment, methods and places to go．
Next, take a course on a climbing wall．There are plenty of climbing walls all over the country which have trained and qualified people as instructors．Call your local leisure centre to find out if there is one in your area. These training sessions are a quick way to get experience and you are likely to meet other beginners. After this, you can do an outside course of join a club where you can meet climbers of all abilities and eventually join in group-climbing events.
At first you may not understand the importance of a good training period, but after you have completed your first climb and you are standing safely at the top of a rock feeling thrilled, then you will know it was the right thing to do.
【小題1】The article is written by .
| A．a(chǎn) doctor | B．a(chǎn)n experienced climber |
| C．a(chǎn) beginner | D．a(chǎn) fitness instructor |
| A．begin by becoming fit |
| B．have the courage to meet the challenges |
| C．be aware of the causes of the accidents |
| D．do enough sports to get interested in climbing |
| A．join a club you like |
| B．gain controlled experience |
| C．become qualified instructors |
| D．take part in group-climbing events |
| A．the climb | B．the training | C．the equipment | D．the achievement |
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