Question

【題目】 Dyslexia is a problem that interferes (干擾) with the ability to recognize words and connect sounds with letters when people read. People with this learning disorder may also have problems when they write. Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves (涉及)areas of the brain that process language.

Brain scientists are studying whether they can predict which young children may struggle with reading, in order to provide early help. John Gabrieli is leading a study of five-year-olds in about twenty schools. He says, “We partner with schools that have kindergartens. What we do is, for all the children whose parents permit them to participate, we give them a brief set of paper-and-pencil tests to look at which children appear to be at some risk for struggling to read.

So far, fifty of the kindergartners have been examined in a machine that shows brain activity. The scanner uses a high-energy magnetic (有磁性的) field and radio waves to “l(fā)ook” inside the body. Written tests which are often used in previous studies are not always able to identify dyslexia or other problems. Professor Gabrieli says, “Brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems.

And with reading problems, early identification is important. Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade. The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less these interventions can help. And, as Professor Gabrieli points out, poor reading can make education a struggle. Reading is everything. Even math and science require one to read textbooks.

【1】What do we know about Dyslexia?

A.It results in poor eyesight.

B.It is related to brain activity.

C.It only causes reading difficulty.

D.It has an influence on intelligence.

【2】What does the underlined word “interventions” in the last paragraph probably mean?

A.Approaches.B.Researches.

C.Instructions.D.Treatments.

【3】How is Professor Gabrieli’s study different from early ones?

A.It is scientifically based.

B.It focuses on written tests.

C.It examines children’s brains.

D.It needs parents’ participation.

【4】What can be a suitable title for the text?

A.Dyslexia – a Learning Disorder Involving Intelligence

B.Dyslexia – a Problem Relating to Kindergartners

C.A Way Identifying Dyslexia at an Early Stage

D.A Machine Showing Brain Development

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】C

【4】C

【解析】

本文為說(shuō)明文。講述了孩子閱讀困難癥的癥狀、研究及治療的時(shí)期和必要性等內(nèi)容。并指出如果問(wèn)題能被盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)，治療起來(lái)會(huì)有更好的效果。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Dyslexia is not related to eyesight or intelligence. The problem involves (涉及)areas of the brain that process language.” 閱讀障礙與視力或智力無(wú)關(guān)。這個(gè)問(wèn)題涉及到(涉及)過(guò)程語(yǔ)言的大腦區(qū)域。由此可知，閱讀障礙與大腦活動(dòng)有關(guān)，故選B。

【2】猜測(cè)詞義題。根據(jù)前面的“And with reading problems, early identification is important. Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade” 對(duì)于閱讀問(wèn)題，早期識(shí)別是很重要的。閱讀問(wèn)題通常在孩子三、四年級(jí)時(shí)才會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。以及“The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less these interventions can help.”兒童越晚被認(rèn)為是閱讀能力差，這些“interventions”的幫助就越小。即被診斷越晚，治療措施對(duì)他們的幫助就越小，可推斷出interventions意為“治療”，故選D。

【3】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Written tests which are often used in previous studies are not always able to identify dyslexia or other problems. Professor Gabrieli says, “Brain scans may offer a more scientific way to identify problems.” 以前的研究中經(jīng)常使用的書(shū)面測(cè)試并不總是能夠識(shí)別閱讀障礙或其他問(wèn)題。加布里埃里教授說(shuō):“腦部掃描可能提供了一種更科學(xué)的方法來(lái)識(shí)別問(wèn)題。”，由此可推斷出加布里埃里教授的研究與早期的不同點(diǎn)在于它研究?jī)和�的大腦。故選C。

【4】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文敘述了幼兒閱讀障礙的癥狀及影響，早期識(shí)別進(jìn)行治療很重要，因?yàn)殚喿x障礙越早發(fā)現(xiàn)，治療起來(lái)效果越好的。于是科學(xué)家們發(fā)明了一種新的識(shí)別早期閱讀障礙的方法�？芍�，本文前面部分?jǐn)⑹隽碎喿x障礙的癥狀及影響，是為了下文發(fā)明早期識(shí)別閱讀障礙的方法做鋪墊的。因此 “一種早期識(shí)別閱讀障礙的方法”作為題目最為恰當(dāng)，故選C。

在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會(huì)考查猜測(cè)詞義題。事實(shí)上，閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前后的詞語(yǔ)或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。運(yùn)用邏輯推理猜測(cè)詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式，這要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各種已知信息）并結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境推測(cè)、判斷某些詞或短語(yǔ)的詞義。例如第2小題詞意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前面的“And with reading problems, early identification is important. Reading problems are not usually identified until a child is in the third or fourth grade” 對(duì)于閱讀問(wèn)題，早期識(shí)別是很重要的。閱讀問(wèn)題通常在孩子三、四年級(jí)時(shí)才會(huì)被發(fā)現(xiàn)。以及“The later children are recognized as poor readers, the less these interventions can help.”兒童越晚被認(rèn)為是閱讀能力差，這些“interventions”的幫助就越小。即被診斷越晚，治療措施對(duì)他們的幫助就越小，可推斷出interventions意為“治療”，故選D。