It was July 1976. An unmanned spaceship, Viking One, had arrived at Mars. On July 20th, the spaceship　　. Part of it continued toward a landing on the planet. It fell　　through the late afternoon Mars’ sky.
Forty kilometers above the planet, the thin　　began to slow its fall. Six kilometers above the planet a big parachute(降落傘)opened. The landing craft fell more slowly. Then, three rocket engines　　. And the landing craft set down　　on the surface. 　　in the Viking One Lander immediately sent a message to the earth. It said, “I am here. I am down safely. I am beginning my work. ”
The message　　at the speed of light. It took twenty minutes to reach the earth, more than three hundred and twenty million kilometers　　. Scientists and engineers at the control center　　.
Moments later, television receiver in the control center began to　　the first picture from Viking One. People at the center could see the feet of the landing craft sitting firmly on the　11　soil of Mars. Those pictures were our first　　look at the planet. They showed a red surface, full of rocks, with no sign of　　. It was our first look at a planet that is full of surprises, mysteries and promise. Viking One was launched toward Mars in August, 1975. The spaceship had two　　: an orbiter(軌道飛行器)and a lander(著陸器). The orbiter would circle　　Mars. It would take pictures of Mars’ surface. It would　　the atmosphere.
The　　would go down to the surface. It would carry　　to dig up and study soil and　　.
It also would report about any evidence of life on the planet. The lander would send this　　to the orbiter and then back to the earth.
小題1:
A．separated　　　　　　B．a(chǎn)ppeared
C．workedD．started
小題2:
A．correctlyB．slowlyC．quickly　　D．directly
小題3:
A．a(chǎn)irB．universe
C．spaceD．a(chǎn)tmosphere
小題4:
A．firedB．fell C．openedD．floated
小題5:
A．heavilyB．softly
C．suddenly D．immediately
小題6:
A．A computer B．A rocket
C．A pilotD．An astronaut
小題7:
A．spreadB．traveled C．shot D．moved
小題8:
A．farB．long C．distantD．a(chǎn)way
小題9:
A．shouted B．watched
C．cheeredD．welcomed
小題10:
A．makeB．take C．show D．search
小題11:
A．redB．brownC．gray D．black
小題12:
A．carefulB．closeC．real D．clear
小題13:
A．menB．life C．treesD．a(chǎn)ir
小題14:
A．partsB．rocketsC．enginesD．centers
小題15:
A．throughB．towardsC．over D．a(chǎn)round
小題16:
A．enter B．examine
C．collectD．discover
小題17:
A．orbiterB．lander
C．spaceshipD．rocket
小題18:
A．engineers B．a(chǎn)stronauts
C．parachutesD．instruments
小題19:
A．surfaceB．treesC．rocksD．pictures
小題20:
A．spaceshipB．rocket
C．landerD．information

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:D
小題4:A
小題5:B
小題6:A
小題7:B
小題8:D
小題9:C
小題10:C
小題11:A
小題12:B
小題13:B
小題14:A
小題15:D
小題16:B
小題17:B
小題18:D
小題19:C
小題20:D

【文章大意】文章介紹了“海盜一號”無人宇宙飛船在火星登陸的情況。
小題1:選A。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段可知“海盜一號”宇宙飛船由orbiter和lander兩部分組成, 到了火星上空兩部分分離。
小題2:選C。根據(jù)常識判斷宇宙飛船應(yīng)該在飛行時是很快的, 在遇到阻力時才會減速, 這也與后面飛行減緩后的“slowly”相對應(yīng)。
小題3:選D。thin可以修飾air和atmosphere, 但是只有atmosphere符合語境, 火星的大氣減慢它的飛行, 而且與后文也一致。
小題4:選A。rocket的作用就是通過發(fā)射把lander送到火星上, 著陸時需要對地面的反推力才不至于著陸太猛。
小題5:選B。因為前面所述的各種措施, 如降落傘、火箭發(fā)動機等, 所以是輕輕著陸。
小題6:選A�！昂１I一號”是無人載飛船, 所以只能通過電腦發(fā)送信息說其在工作。
小題7:選B。根據(jù)上下文, message以光速“傳播”, spread“擴散”; shoot“發(fā)射”; move“移動”。
小題8:選D。表示距離時, 如果有具體的數(shù)字, 后面應(yīng)是away。
小題9:選C�；鹦堑顷懗晒�, 人們歡呼起來, shout“大喊”; watch“看”; welcome“歡迎”。
小題10:選C。在屏幕上show“顯示”發(fā)送回來的圖片, 其他三項意思不符。
小題11:選A�；鹦巧系耐寥朗羌t色的, 所以后面第二句提到紅色的火星表面。
小題12:選B。這些照片是在火星上拍攝的, 所以是close look“近看”, real不修飾look。
小題13:選B。根據(jù)常識可知, 火星上沒有生命的跡象, 更沒有樹和人。
小題14:選A。宇宙飛船有兩部分, 由下一句話可得知答案。
小題15:選D。circle around Mars環(huán)繞火星飛行。
小題16:選B。examine指“檢驗”。enter“進(jìn)入”, collect“收集”, discover“發(fā)現(xiàn)”都不合適。
小題17:選B。由上文可知, 宇宙飛船分兩部分, 前面介紹了orbiter, 這里介紹lander。
小題18:選D。在火星上, “海盜一號”只能通過一些科學(xué)儀器對火星上的土壤和巖石進(jìn)行檢驗。
小題19:選C。由前文中“full of rocks”可知答案。
小題20:選D。著陸器把在火星上得到的信息傳給軌道飛行器, 然后傳到地球上來。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

The forces that make Japan one of the world’s most earthquake­prone (有地震傾向的) countries could become part of its long­term energy solution.
Water from deep below the ground at Japan’s tens of thousands of hot springs could be used to produce electricity.
Although Japanese high­tech companies are leaders in geothermal (地?zé)岬? technology and export it，its use is limited in the nation.
“Japan should no doubt make use of its resources of geothermal energy，” said  Yoshiyasu Takefuji，a leading researcher of thermal­electric power production.
The disastrous earthquake and tsunami on March 11,2011 caused a reaction against atomic power，which previously made up 30 percent of Japan’s energy needs，and increased interest in alternative energies，which accounted for only 8 percent.
Artist Yoko Ono has called on Japan to explore its natural energy，following the example of Iceland which uses renewable energy for more than 80 percent of its needs.
For now，geothermal energy makes up less than 1 percent of the energy needs in Japan，which has for decades relied heavily on fossil fuels and atomic power.
The biggest problem to geothermal energy is the high initial cost of the exploration and constructing the factories.Another problem is that Japan’s potentially best sites are already being developed for tourism or are located within national parks where construction is forbidden.
“We can’t even dig 10 cm inside national parks.” said Shigeto Yamada of Fuji Electric，adding that regulations protecting nature would need to be relaxed for geothermal energy to grow.
Researcher Hideaki Matsui said，“Producing electricity using hot springs is a decades­long project.We also have to think about what to do for now as energy supplies will decline in the short term.”
The Earth Policy Institute in Washington，US，believed Japan could produce 80 000 megawatts (兆瓦) and meet more than half its electricity needs with geothermal technology.
Japanese giants such as Toshiba are already global leaders in geothermal technology，with a 70 percent market share.In 2010，F(xiàn)uji Electric built the world’s largest geothermal factory in New Zealand.
小題1:What would be the best title for the text?
A．Alternative energies in Japan
B．World’s largest geothermal plant
C．Japan takes the lead in geothermal technology
D．Japan thinks of geothermal energy
小題2:What percentage of Japan’s energy needs is geothermal energy?
A．About 8%.　B．Below 1%.
C．Around 30%.　D．Over 80%.
小題3:According to Shigeto Yamada，the growth of geothermal power in Japan needs________.
A．a(chǎn) change of rules 　B．financial support
C．local people’s helpD．high technology
小題4:Geothermal energy is considered as a long­term program by________.
A．Yoshiyasu Takefuji　B．Hideaki Matsui
C．Shigeto Yamada　D．Yoko Ono
小題5:It can be learned from the last two paragraphs that________.
A．the world’s biggest geothermal plant was built by America
B．Japan will not export its geothermal technology
C．the potential of Japan’s geothermal energy is great
D．it is hard to find geothermal energy in Japan

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Would it surprise you to learn that, like animals, trees communicate with each other and pass on their wealth to the next generation?
UBC Professor Simard explains how trees are much more complex than most of us ever imagined. Although Charles Darwin thought that trees are competing for survival of the fittest, Simard shows just how wrong he was. In fact, the opposite is true: trees survive through their co-operation and support, passing around necessary nutrition "depending on who needs it".
Nitrogen (氮) and carbon are shared through miles of underground fungi (真菌)
networks, making sure that all trees in the forest ecological system give and receive just the right amount to keep them all healthy. This hidden system works in a very similar way to the networks of neurons (神經(jīng)元) in our brains, and when one tree is destroyed, it affects all.
Simard talks about "mother trees", usually the largest and oldest plants on which all other trees depend. She explains how dying trees pass on the wealth to the next generation, transporting important minerals to young trees so they may continue to grow. When humans cut down "mother trees" with no awareness of these highly complex "tree societies" or the networks on which they feed, we are reducing the chances of survival for the entire forest.
"We didn't take any notice of it" Simard says sadly. "Dying trees move nutrition into the young trees before dying, but we never give them chance." If we could put across the message to the forestry industry, we could make a huge difference towards our environmental protection efforts for the future.
小題1:The underlined sentence "the opposite is true" in Paragraph 2 probably means that trees         . 
A．compete for survival
B．protect their own wealth
C．depend on each other
D．provide support for dying trees
小題2:"Mother trees" are extremely important because they        .
A．look the largest in size in the forest
B．pass on nutrition to young trees
C．seem more likely to be cut down by humans
D．know more about the complex "tree societies"
小題3:The underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refers to        .
A．how "tree societies" work
B．how trees grow old
C．how forestry industry develops
D．how young trees survive
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．Old Trees Communicate Like Humans
B．Young Trees Are In Need Of Protection
C．Trees Are More Awesome Than You Think
D．Trees Contribute To Our Society

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Seven species of carp(鯉魚) native to Asia have been introduced into United States waters in recent decades, but it's four in particular－bighead, black, grass and silver－that worry ecologists, biologists, fishers and policymakers alike. Introduced in the southeast to help control weeds and parasites in aquaculture (水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖) operations, these fish soon spread up the Mississippi River system where they have been crowding out native fish populations not used to competing with such aggressive invaders. The carps' presence in such numbers is also harming water quality and killing off sensitive species.
Asian carp are strong to jump over barriers such as low dams. They lay hundreds of thousands of eggs at a time and spread into new habitat quickly and easily. Also, flooding has helped the fish expand into previously unattainable water bodies. And fishers using young carp as live bait have also helped the fish's spread, as they have boats going through locks up and down the Mississippi.
The federal government considers the Asian carps to be annoying species and encourages and supports “active control” by natural resources management agencies. Federal and state governments have spent millions in tax dollars to prevent the carp from making their way into the Great Lakes, but an underwater electric fence constructed to keep them out has not worked as well as hoped, and policymakers are reviewing other options now.
In the meantime, state and federal agencies are monitoring the Mississippi and its branches for Asian carp and testing various barrier technologies to prevent their further spread. For instance, the National Park Service is cooperating with the state of Minnesota's Department of Natural Resources to construct new dams that are high enough to prevent Asian carp from jumping over. The Asian Carp Regional Coordinating Committee has funded DNA monitoring in potentially affected water bodies whereby researchers can determine whether the troublesome fish are present just by the biological footprints they leave behind. Individuals can do their part by not transporting fish, bait or even water from one water body to another, and by emptying and washing boats before moving them between different water bodies.
小題1:Asian carp have been introduced to the USA in order to ________.
A．improve water quality
B．help sensitive species
C．control the number of native fishes
D．control the ecosystem in aquaculture
小題2:The measure to keep Asian carp out of the Great Lake but proved not good is ________.
A．testing various barrier technologies
B．construction of an underwater electric fence
C．Emptying and washing boats before using them.
D．monitoring the Mississippi and its branches for Asian carp
小題3:It is suggested from the passage that ________.
A．a(chǎn)quaculture operations are dangerous to the water bodies
B．scientific technology is useless in preventing Asian carp spreading
C．both the state and the individuals can make efforts to keep out Asian carp
D．Asian carp have successfully invaded the Mississippi and the Great Lakes

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

New findings from Queen’s University biologists show that in the plant world, bigger isn’t necessarily better.
“Until now most of the thinking has suggested that to be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a big plant,” says Queen’s Biology professor Lonnie Aarssen. “But our research shows it’s virtually the other way around.”
Previous studies showed that larger plant species monopolize(壟斷) sunlight, water and other resources, limiting the number of smaller plant species that can exist around them. But the research has proved that this is not generally the case in natural vegetation.
In the Queen’s project, PhD student Laura Keating targeted the largest “host plants” of 16 woody plant species growing in the Okanogan Valley, British Columbia. The research team calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant. They then randomly selected plots without host plants and calculated the plant species there as well. The research showed that the massive trees have no effect on the number of species with which they coexist.
Smaller plants have many advantages over their overbearing neighbors, Professor Aarssen notes. Larger species generate physical space niches under their shelters where smaller species grow well. Smaller plants are much more effective than large trees at using available resources. They also produce seeds at a much younger age and higher rate than their bigger counterparts, and settle down much more quickly—thuscompeting with the newly-born plants of larger species.
小題1: What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Smaller plants may have many advantages over their neighbors.
B．In the plant world, the bigger is better than the smaller one.
C．To be a good competitor in the forest, you have to be a small plant.
D．Queen’s University’s students made a new research.
小題2: The underlined word “this” in Para. 3 refers to the view that _____.
A．large and small plants can grow together in harmony
B．larger plant species limit their smaller neighbors’ growth
C．small plant species have their own advantages
D．large and small plant species can never coexist
小題3:What can we learn according to the text?
A．Larger plant species limit the number of smaller ones around them.
B．Smaller plants can limit the number of plant species around them.
C．Smaller plants produce seeds at a higher rate than their bigger counterparts.
D．Larger trees are more effective than small plants at using available resources.
小題4:Which is the CORRECT order in the Queen’s project?
a. Randomly selected plots without host plants and-calculated the plant species.
b. Calculated the number and variety of plants that neighbored each large host plant.
c. Selected the largest individuals or "host plants" of 16 woody plant species.
A．a(chǎn), b, cB．c, b, a
C．b, c, aD．a(chǎn), c, b

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Has been a dream for 30 years but now the world’s first flying car is set to hit the roads this year.

Ever since the “Back to the Future” movies lit up our screens in the 1980s, designers have dreamt of cars that could take to the sky at the push of a button(按鈕). And now pilots can order their own “roadable” plane for just￡127, 000.
The plane, which has fold-out wings that span 17. 5 feet, can be up to 115 mph. Back on the land, it can also travel at “highway speeds” in car mode(模式).
Fuelling(加燃料)the 19 feet long plane couldn’t be simpler—you just drive it into a petrol station and fill it up.
A spokeswoman said, “You can keep your ‘light-sport airplane’ in your garage. But because it needs a short runway to take to the air, you will have to drive to your local airport, fly up to 460 miles, land and drive directly to your destination(目的地). You will always be ready to drive or fly. ”
The spokeswoman added, “Never let bad weather change your trip. You can simply divert(使轉(zhuǎn)向)and continue on the ground until the weather clears. ”
There’s no risk to you—this is only the chance for you to be the first at your home field to unfold(展開)your wings and fly into the future.
小題1:According to the text, the “roadable” plane　　　.
A．can fly in the sky at “highway speeds” in car mode
B．is a kind of car with fold-out wings
C．is a little difficult to fuel　
D．can only travel on the highway
小題2:We can infer that in the “Back to the Future” movies　　　.
A．there are some skillful pilots
B．pilots have no cars to drive
C．pilots can’t afford a “roadable” plane
D．cars can fly in the sky
小題3:What does the underlined word “it” in the 5th paragraph refer to?
A．Light-sport airplane.
B．Your garage.
C．The local airport.
D．A petrol station.
小題4:The last sentence of the text aims to　　　.
A．call for people to buy the “roadable” plane
B．show people the use of the “roadable” plane
C．tell people only the “roadable” plane can fly in the future
D．a(chǎn)sk people to unfold their wings and fly into the future
小題5:If you meet with a thunderstorm in your “roadable” plane in the skies, you can　　　.
A．land in a nearby airport until it clears
B．turn back home until it clears
C．land and drive on the ground
D．fly high up to 460 miles

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

There are many things that go into making a successful school, and success can be measured in many ways. Often, the teachers are praised for a school’s success and blamed for its failure. Yet, in order for a school to be effective, it must be a place where teaching and learning can easily take place, and that requires the hard work of more than just educators. Students must take learning into their own hands and feel as if what they are doing is as important as it actually is. This can only be done with the cooperation of every adult that is involved in the students’ life. Some of these individuals often go unnoticed, yet the role they play in the students’ lives is immeasurable.
Administrative assistants welcome students at the beginning of the day and answer a large number of questions. When an assistant remembers a student’s name or even something special about that student, it communicates to him that he is cared for. The assistant can also give that extra encouragement for a student to make better choices, especially when they are visiting the principal’s office.
Cafeteria workers have a short period of time to interact with students, but can make a big difference as well. Beyond meeting nutritional needs, cafeteria workers may also on occasion meet the emotional needs of the students they serve. Students benefit from positive interaction with adults, and cafeteria workers may give that extra bit of encouragement that a child needs.
Custodians (管理人員) are often underappreciated for all that they give to schools. They have to be knowledgeable about everything from cleaning to fixing the most intricate (復(fù)雜的) tools. They get to school early in the morning before teachers arrive and lock up late at night after the last student has left from the after-school event. They also make sure teachers are equipped with the necessary items and prepare the rooms so that they are ready for learning. A great custodian also gives that kind word or extra smile to that student who needs it most.
小題1:If an assistant remembers a student’s name, the student will feel that       .
A．he is cared for
B．he is special
C．he has done something wrong
D．he has made progress in study
小題2:Which of the following is TRUE about cafeteria workers?
A．It’s enough for them to cook for the students.
B．It’s hard for them to interact with the students.
C．They can also meet the emotional needs of the students.
D．They have the most interaction with students at school.
小題3:We learn from the fourth paragraph that       .
A．custodians play the least important role in a school
B．the work of custodians often goes unnoticed
C．custodians should be more serious with students
D．custodians’ work is always appreciated at school
小題4:How does the author feel about the staff mentioned in the text?
A．Disappointed. B．Appreciative.
C．Dissatisfied. D．Doubtful.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A blind baby is doubly handicapped. Not only is it unable to see, but because it cannot receive the visual stimulus（刺激）from its environment that a sighted child does, it is likely to be slow in intellectual development. Now the ten-month old son of Dr. and Mrs. Dennis Daughters is the subject of an unusual psychological experiment designed to prevent a lag（滯后）in the learning process. With the aid of a sonar-type electronic that he wears on his head, infant(嬰兒) Dennis is learning to identify the people and objects in the world around him by means of echoes(回聲).
The device is an improvement of the “Sonicguide”, an instrument produced by Telesensory Systems, Inc., of Palo Alto, Calif, and used by blind adults in addition to a smart or guide dog. As adapted for Dennis, it consists of a battery-powered system about the size of a half dollar that is on a headgear. A transmitter sends out an ultrasonic(超聲的) pulse that creates an 80 degree cone of sound at 6 feet. Echoes from objects within the cone are perceived (felt) as sounds that vary in pitch(音調(diào)) and volume(音量) with the size and distance of the object.
The closer an object is, the lower the pitch, and the larger the object, the louder the signal. Hard surfaces produce a sharp ping, while soft ones send back signals with a slightly fuzzy quality. An object slightly to the right of Denny’s sends back a louder sound to his right ear than to the left. Thus , by simply moving his head right and left and up and down, he can not only locate an object but also get some notion of its shape and size, thanks to the varying qualities of sounds reaching his ears as the cone of ultrasound(超聲波) passes its edges. Dennis likes to use the device to play a kind of peek-a-boo with his mother. Standing on her knee and facing her directly, he receives a strong signal in both ears. By turning his head away, he makes her seem to disappear. “From the first time he wore it,” says Mrs. Daughters, “it was like a light going on in his head.”
What remains to be determined is how well the device will help Dennis cope with his surroundings as he begins to walk and venture further into his environment.
Meanwhile, Telesensory, Inc, is working on the development of sonar(聲納) device with somewhat the same sensitivity as Dennis’s for use by school-age children.
小題1:Dr. and Mrs. Daughters’ research is directed to ________.
A．helping the blind to see and learn as well as others
B．benefiting the learning process of blind children
C．solving blind children’s psychological problems
D．finding out how children develop intellectually
小題2:Infant Dennis becomes the subject of the experiment most probably because ________.
A．he already lags behind the sighted children
B．he leads a life as normal as any other children
C．he is at the early stage of the learning process
D．he has the aid of a sonar-type electronic device
小題3:What can we learn about infant Dennis’ device?
A．Its first design was designed for blind adults.
B．Its battery is as small as a half-dollar coin.
C．It is functionally similar to a sane and guide dog.
D．It has been improved by Telesensory Systems, Inc.
小題4:In the third paragraph, “its edges” refers to ___________ .
A．the edge of an object
B．the edge of the device
C．the boundary of Dennis’ movement
D．the boundary of the sound pitch.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

“It hurts me more than you，’’and “This is for your own good．’’These are the statements my mother used to make years ago when I had to learn Latin，clean my room，stay home and do homework.
That was before we entered the permissive period in educafion in which we decided it was all right not to push our children to achieve their best in school．The schools and the educators made it easy on us．They thought that it was all right to be parents who take a let-alone policy. We stopped making our children do homework. We gave them calculators，turned on the television，left the teaching to the teachers and went on vacation．
Now teachers，faced with children who have been developing at their own pace for the past 15 years，are realizing we’ve made a terrible mistake．One such teacher is Sharon Klompus who says of her students-“so passive”-and-wonders what happened．Nothing was demanded of them，she believes. Television，says Klompus，contributes to children’s passivity．“We’re not training kids to work any more,” says Klompus．“we’re talking about a generation of kids who’ve never been hurt or hungry．They have learned somebody will always do it for them. Instead of saying ‘go look it up’，you tell them the answer．It takes greater energy to say no to a kid．”
Yes，it does．It takes energy and it takes work. It’s time for parents to end their vacation and come back to work．It’s time to take the car away, to turn the TV off, to tell them it hurts you more than them but it's for their own good．It’s time to start telling them no again.
小題1:Why are children becoming more inactive in study?
A．Because they watch TV too often
B．Because they have done too much homework．
C．Because they have to fulfill too many duties．
D．Because teachers are too strict with them．
小題2:To such children as described in the passage         
A．it is easier to say no than to say yes
B．neither is easy-to say yes or to say no
C．it is easier to say yes than to say no
D．neither is difficult-to say yes or to say no
小題3:We learn from the passage that the author’s mother used to lay emphasis on       
A．1earning Latin
B．natural development
C．discipline
D．education at school
小題4:By “permissive period in education’’the author means a time         ．
A．when children are allowed to do what they wish to
B．when everything can be taught at school
C．when every child can be educated
D．when ehildren are permitted to receive education
小題5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A．Parents should leave their children alone，
B．Kids should have more activities at school．
C．It’s time to be stricter with our kids．
D．Parents should always set a good example to their kids．

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