【題目】Calorie(卡路里)counts are everywhere. They appear on restaurant menus, milk boxes and bags of baby carrots. Grocery stores display lots of foods packaged with bright and colorful “l(fā)ow-calorie” claims.

A calorie is the measure of stored energy in something---energy that can be released as heat when burned. The term calorie on food labels is short for kilocalorie. A kilocalorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius. But what does boiling water have to do with your body’s release of energy from food? After all, your body doesn’t start boiling after eating. It does, however, chemically break down food into sugars. The body then releases the energy to fuel processes and activities throughout each hour of the day.

Food contains three main types of nutrients that deliver energy: fats, proteins and carbs(碳水化合物). A process called metabolism(新陳代謝) first cuts these into small pieces; Proteins break down into amino acids(氨基酸), fats into fatty acids and carbs into simple sugars. Then, the body uses oxygen to break down these materials to release heat.

Most of this energy goes toward powering the heart, lungs, brain and other vital processes. Exercise and other activities also use energy. If energy-rich nutrients aren’t used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝臟), and then later as body fat.

In general, someone should eat the same amount of energy each day as his or her body will use. If the balance is off, they will win lose or gain weight. It’s very easy to eat more calories than the body needs. Having two 200-calorie donuts in addition to regular meals could easily put teens over their daily needs. At the same time, it’s nearly impossible to balance overeating with extra exercise. Running a mile burns just 100 calories. Knowing how many calories are in the food we eat can help keep the energy in and out balanced.

【1】How much energy does it need to lift the temperature of 5 kilograms of water by 10 degree Celsius?

A. One kilocalorie.

B. Five kilocalories.

C. Ten kilocalories.

D. Fifty kilocalories.

【2】What is Paragraph 3 mainly about?

A. How the nutrients are classified.

B. How oxygen works in human body.

C. How the food types affect metabolism.

D. How the body gets heat from nutrients.

【3】What does the underlined word “hoard” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A. Store.

B. Remove.

C. Replace.

D. Burn.

【4】What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A. It is good for our health to do exercises.

B. It’s really difficult to control our weight.

C. It is important to control the calories we take.

D. It is good for our body to eat the same type of nutrients.

【答案】

【1】D

【2】D

【3】A

【4】C

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。涉及熱量的卡路里到處都是，它們出現(xiàn)在餐館的菜單、牛奶盒和小胡蘿卜袋里。雜貨店里陳列著許多包裝著明亮多彩的“低熱量”食品的食品。文章告訴我們：控制我們攝入的卡路里是很重要的。

【1】計(jì)算題。根據(jù)第二段中A kilocalorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water by 1 degree Celsius.由此計(jì)算得知需要50千卡的能量才能將5公斤水的溫度提高10攝氏度。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【2】段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段Food contains three main types of nutrients that deliver energy: fats, proteins and carbs(碳水化合物). A process called metabolism(新陳代謝) first cuts these into small pieces; Proteins break down into amino acids(氨基酸), fats into fatty acids and carbs into simple sugars. Then, the body uses oxygen to break down these materials to release heat.第三段主要敘述的是身體如何從營(yíng)養(yǎng)中獲取熱量。故D項(xiàng)正確。

【3】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中If energy-rich nutrients aren’t used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝臟), and then later as body fat. 如果能量豐富的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素沒(méi)有馬上被使用，你的身體會(huì)把它們儲(chǔ)藏起來(lái)----首先是肝臟，然后是身體脂肪。根據(jù)常識(shí)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)沒(méi)有馬上被使用，自然會(huì)被儲(chǔ)藏起來(lái)，由此推知?jiǎng)澗�詞的意思是“儲(chǔ)藏”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

【4】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中In general, someone should eat the same amount of energy each day as his or her body will use.和Knowing how many calories are in the food we eat can help keep the energy in and out balanced.從最后一段我們得知控制我們攝入的卡路里是很重要的。故C項(xiàng)正確。

做詞義猜測(cè)題時(shí)，一定要注意上下文的聯(lián)系，特別是劃線詞前后的意思，從而做出正確判斷。有時(shí)根據(jù)常識(shí)也能做出正確的判斷。本題第3小題，根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中If energy-rich nutrients aren’t used right away, your body will hoard them---first in the liver(肝臟), and then later as body fat. 如果能量豐富的營(yíng)養(yǎng)素沒(méi)有馬上被使用，你的身體會(huì)把它們儲(chǔ)藏起來(lái)----首先是肝臟，然后是身體脂肪。根據(jù)常識(shí)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)沒(méi)有馬上被使用，自然會(huì)被儲(chǔ)藏起來(lái)，由此推知?jiǎng)澗�詞的意思是“儲(chǔ)藏”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

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