From bankers to factory staff, employees in the west face the bleak prospect of losing their jobs as a global recession starts to bite. For colleagues in the East the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.
Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian firms try harder to keep jobs in difficult times, which will stop unemployment and may help keep Asian economies afloat at a time of slowing exports.
The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, leaving some experts predicting Western shift to Eastern flexibility.
“In the Confucian attitude, the right thing to do is to share the burden. There is the sense of collective responsibility whereas in the west, it’s more about the individual survival,” said Michael Benotlel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University.
Steven Pang, Asian Regional director for Aquent, a headhunting firm, said in many East Asian companies there was an responsibility “ to take care of the members of the family and go through the pain together” even if that meant causing losses.
Us firms from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands. But at the Asian units of Western multinationals, jobs cuts will probably be less severe.
Japan’s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong’s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.
Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East
and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad.
小題1:According to the passage, what does “to share the burden” mean?
( less than 6 words)
____________________________________________________________________
小題2: Why would firms in the west lay off workers when facing a bleak prospect?
( no more than 5 words)
____________________________________________________________________
小題3:Why is it easier for the East Asian firms to recover quickly from the economic downturn? (no more than 12 words)
____________________________________________________________________
小題4:What’s the passage talking about? (no more than 15 words)
____________________________________________________________________

小題1:Going through the pain together. /The sense of collective responsibility.
小題2:Because of individual survival.
小題3:Because they will not need to rehire or train new staff.
小題4:The cultural differences between the East and the West in facing the global recession.
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

[1] Two recent studies have found that punishment is not the best way to influence behavior. One showed that adults are much more cooperative if they work in a system based on rewards.
[2] They had about two hundred college students play a version of the game, which is based on the tension between the interests of an individual and a group. The students played in groups of four. Each player could win points for the group, so they would all gain equally. But each player could also reward or punish each of the other three players, at a cost to the punisher. The most successful behavior proved to be cooperation. The groups that rewarded it the most earned about twice as much in the game as the groups that rewarded it the least. And the more a group punished itself,                  . The group with the most punishment earned twenty-five percent less than the group with the least punishment.
[3] The other study involved children. It was presented last month in California at a conference on violence and abuse. Researchers used intelligence tests given to two groups. More than eight hundred children were ages two to four the first time they were tested. More than seven hundred children were ages five to nine. The two groups were retested four years later, and the study compared the results with the first test. Both groups contained children whose parents used physical punishment and children whose parents did not. The study says the IQs — or intelligence quotients — of the younger children who were not spanked (打屁股) were five points higher than those who were. In the older group, the difference was almost three points.
[4] Murray Strauss from the University of New Hampshire worked with Mallie Paschall from the Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation says the more they are spanked, the slower their mental development is. He also looked at average IQs in other nations and found them lower where spanking was more common.
小題1: What is the best title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
                                                                             
小題2:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Compared to the children's IQs whose parents use physical punishment, the result of those whose parents don't is 5 points higher.
                                                                             
小題3:Fill in the blank in paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words)
                                                                             
小題4:List three facts that lead to the most successful behavior in paragraph 2. (no more than 8 words)
                                                                             
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 into Chinese.
                                                                             

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)要求答題。（請注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求）。

"Wow, you got an A without even studying．"
"Your drawing is wonderful --you're my little Picasso．"
If you're like most parents, you offer praise to your children believing it is the key to their success．But according to a new study, praise may do more harm than good．
For the study, after a simple IQ test, one group was told it did really well and must be very smart．The other group was told it did really well and must have worked hard． One group was praised for intelligence,                  .
Asked if they wanted to take a slightly harder test, the kids praised for their intelligence were unwillingly．Of those praised for their effort, however, 90 percent were eager for a more challenging task．And on a final test the effort group performed significantly better than the group praised for its intelligence．
Many of the kids who had been labeled "smart" performed worst of all．The "hard workers" got the message that they could improve their scores by trying harder, but the "smart" kids believed they should do well without any effort．Thus, kids who get too much praise are less likely to take risks, are highly sensitive to failure and are more likely to give up when faced with a challenge．
Tips for Parents:
◆Avoid labels．Praising for effort sends the message that your child has the power to improve and change．Be mindful of labeling yourself and others．
◆Teach kids from an early age that the brain is a muscle that can be strengthened with practice．This sends the message that kids can directly affect their intelligence．
◆Parents often praise their kids to make themselves feel good, or to protect their kids from failure．But it's vital for parents to help their kids to learn to deal with setbacks and to help them focus on ways to improve．
小題1:What is the best title of the passage? （ Please answer within 10 words．）
小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
As a result of much praise, kids will lack enough courage to risk and face failure and a challenge．
小題3:Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）
小題4:If your parents praise you too much, what should you do7 Why7 （Please answer within 30 words．）
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in no more than ten words:
Just Ask Grandma
We read and hear a lot about healthy eating in newspapers and on TV nowadays. Experts and nutritionists tell us what to eat, when to eat and how to eat to stay healthy, Some of the their advice seems reasonable. Some just sounds strange. Who can we rely on?
Well, ask yourself another question: How did people choose foods and stay healthy before there were nutrition experts? We relied on culture, which is another way of saying: on tradition and common sense.
All of us carry around rules of thumb about eating that have been passed down in our families or plucked（采集） from culture. Earlier this year, US writer Michael Pollen posted a request about these rules on The New York Times website. Within days, he received more than 2,500 responses. Not all of them have stood the test of time or been confirmed by science, but all of them have something to teach us, Pollen said.
Here are some of Pollen’s favorites:
My parents are both from Italy, and one of our family rules was that you could not leave the table until you had finished your fruit. It was a great way to put fruit into our diets and also helped satiate（滿足）our sweet tooth, keeping us away from less healthful sweets. – Marta C. Larusso
From my Romanian grandmother: “Breakfast, you should eat alone. Lunch, you should share with a friend. Dinner, give to your enemy.” – Irina A. Dumitrescu
Don’t eat anything that took more energy to ship than to grow. – Carrie Cizauskas
“It’s better to pay the grocer（食品商） than the doctor” was the saying that my Italian grandmother would frequently use to remind us of the love and attention to detail that went in to her cooking – John Forti
If you are not hungry enough to eat an apple, then you are not hungry. – Emma Fogt
“Make and take your own lunch to work.” My father has always done this, and so have I. It saves money and you know what you are eating. – Hope Donovan Rider
Never eat something that is pretending to be something else, e.g.: chocolate-flavor sauce that doesn’t contain chocolate. – Sonya Legg
小題1:Other than health experts, which other sources are there for us to turn to for advice on diet?
小題2:What does the underlined sentence imply?
小題3:According to Marta C. Larusso, we can both satiate our sweet tooth and keep away from less healthful sweets by_________________________________
小題4:What did John Forti’s grandmother mean when she said, “It’s better to pay the grocer than the doctor.”?

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

閱讀下面短文，并根據(jù)要求完成文章后的題目。
Chatting online can be great fun，but remember, you never really know who you are talking to online．It could be someone trying to trick you，some kind of weirdo（古怪的人），or someone really dangerous．Here are some tips to help you keep safe：
●  1. Never use your real name in chat rooms．
●  2. Never tell anyone personal things about yourself or your family—like your address or telephone number ，or the school or clubs you go to．That goes for sending them photos as well（that way if you don’t want to hear from them again，you only have to log off.） Remember, even if somebody tells you about themselves，never tell them things about you.
●  3. If you arrange to meet up with someone you’ve only spoken to once, remember that they might not be who they said they were，so only meet people in public places and take along an adult.
●   4. Never respond to nasty（淫穢的）or rude messages，and never send any either! If you feel uncomfortable about the way a conversation is going，or if it’s getting really personal，save a record of it and stop the conversation．That way you can show someone and ask what they think．
●  5. Be careful with any emails or links that people send you，they might contain nasty （淫穢的）pictures，or computer “viruses” that could ruin your computer．So if you____________                    , don’t open it．
71．小題1:What is the best title of the passage? （Please answer within 10 words）
__________________       ___________________________________________
72．小題2:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
The person you are talking to online may mean to do harm to you．
_____________________________________________________________________
73．小題3:Please fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）
_____________   ____________________________________________________
74．小題4:Which of the suggestions do you think is the best for you? Why? （Please answer within 30 words．）
_____________________________________________________________________
75．小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese．

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空

 閱讀表達(dá)（共5小題；每小題3分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
“No man is an island”is a well-known line from John Donne’s Devotion, written more than three hundred years ago．Even now people still agree with him．No one can live a completely isolated life．Without other people, life became empty and sad．We all need to have friends.
For some of us, though making friends is not difficult, feeling shy, we may not want to make the first move．It is also difficult at times to keep the friends we already have.
There are many books about friendship, but Dale Carnegie’s How to Win Friends and Influence People, written in 1936, is the most famous．This “how to” book about getting along with other people became a best seller．It was later put into 28 languages.
Dale Carnegie’s advice seems to be simple, but can his advice help you? Do you need to change the way you act? Here is the list of advice from his book:
（1）Be friendly and polite.
Always greet with a smile．Begin with “excuse me ” or “would you please” when       ．Remember to say “thank you” and try to be as helpful as you can.
（2）Go out of your way to be nice.
Find some time to do special things for other people．Making some soup for a sick neighbour may seem like a little thing to you, but it will make your neighbour feel a lot better.
（3）Remember names.
They say that the sweetest music to a person’s ears is the sound of his or her own name.
（4）Be open-minded.
Try to understand other people’s ways and ideas and learn something from them.
（5）Listen patiently．When someone is talking to you, look at him or her, listen carefully and say something when necessary．
小題1:What is the best title of this passage？（Please answer within 5 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題2:Please fill in the blank with proper words.（Please answer within 10 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題3:Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
They will feel very happy when they hear their names．
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題4:Why do some of us feel it not easy to make friends?（Please answer within 10 words）
_______________________________________________________________________________
小題5:Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié) 簡答題（共3小題；每小題2分，滿分6分）
閱讀下面的短文，并根據(jù)短文后的要求答題。（請注意問題后的字?jǐn)?shù)要求）
Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling, or swimming, or in winter, skating or skiing. It may be a game of some form---football, basketball, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering.
Those who have a passion for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks（冒險） in high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure（閑暇）.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules as others, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kind which it would be dangerous to ignore（忽視）, but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no “matches” between “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than man. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities.
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty. But it is not unusual for men of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they perhaps climb with more skill and less waste of effort, and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
70.According to the passage, what movements are popular among people in winter?(回答不超過5個單詞)
71.What is the best title (標(biāo)題) for this passage ? (回答不超過4個單詞)
72. When do climbers work like a team while climbing ?（回答不超過12個單詞）

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：完形填空


第二節(jié)簡答題（共4小題; 10分）
閱讀短文，根據(jù)所要求的字?jǐn)?shù)回答問題。
Almost everybody in America will spend a part of his or her life behind a shopping cart (購物手推車). They will, in a lifetime, push the chrome-plated contraptions many miles. But few will know—or even think to ask—who it was that invented them.
Sylvan N. Goldman invented the shopping cart in 1937. At that time he was in the supermarket business. Every day he would see shoppers lugging (吃力地攜帶) groceries around in baskets they had to carry.
One day Goldman suddenly had the idea of putting baskets on wheels. The wheeled baskets would make shopping much easier for his customers, and would help to attract more business.
On June 4, 1937, Goldman’s first carts were ready for use in his market. He was terribly excited on the morning of that day as customers began arriving. He couldn’t wait to see them using his invention.
But Goldman was disappointed. Most shoppers gave the carts a long look, but hardly anybody would give them a try.
After a while, Goldman decided to ask customers why they weren’t using his carts. “Don’t you think this arm is strong enough to carry a shopping basket?” one shopper replied.
But Goldman wasn’t beaten yet. He knew his carts would be a great success if only he could persuade people to give them a try. To this end, Goldman hired a group of people to push carts around his market and pretend they were shopping! Seeing this, the real customers gradually began copying the phony (假冒的) customers.{007}
As Goldman had hoped, the carts were soon attracting larger and larger numbers of customers to his market. But not only did more people come—those who came bought more. With larger, easier-to-handle baskets, customers unconsciously bought a greater number of items than before.
Today’s shopping carts are five times larger than Goldman’s original model. Perhaps that’s one reason Americans today spend more than five times as much money on food each year as they did before 1937—before the coming of the shopping cart.
86. What was the purpose of Goldman’s invention? (No more than 13 words)
__________________________________________________________.
87. Why was Goldman disappointed at first? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________.
88. Why did Goldman hire people to push carts around his market? (No more than 10 words)
__________________________________________________________.
89. What do you think of Goldman? (No more than 20 words)   _______________________________________________________________________.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Growing up the daughter of an outstanding educator，Andrea Peterson knew at a young age that she wanted to serve others.It was with this mindset that she started to pursue a degree in medicine.However，while visiting her brothers who were away at college studying music education，she realized that she was drawn to teach music，too.
In her ten years at Granite Falls，she has revitalized the music programs at both the elementary and high school levels，to the extent that an additional music faculty member was hired by the district to assist with the workload.The growth of the music program in Granite Falls School District has encouraged students to participate in country，state and national music competitions，and won numerous prizes for the district.
Teaching music is only a part of Peterson's instruction－it serves as a vehicle to other areas.“Music is an amazing tool to unlock students' potential.The most visible benefit from their success in music is their increased confidence and self?es?teem，” Peterson said.“However，I don't believe it is the only benefit，nor the most powerful.It is truly exciting to see how my music teaching can transfer to other classrooms.” With this philosophy，Peterson introduced a cross?curriculum program，wherein she takes lessons taught in other classes，such as English and math，and expands upon them in an eight?week unit.
One of the most popular projects in Peterson's classes is the creation and performance of a musical，and whereby students create a play from one of the books they have read in another class.Students work together to choose the music that best fits with the overall feel of the play and then perform it for the greater community.“Through Andrea's efforts these kids have helped to put Granite Falls，Washington，on the map for musical talents.Parents，staff and community members continue to be in awe of what she is able to bring forth from the children，”said Debra Rose Howell，a colleague of Peterson's at Monte Crisco Elementary School.
小題1:Initially Andrea Peterson planned to work as a(n) ________.
A．teacherB．doctorC．educatorD．musician
小題2:The 2nd paragraph mainly tells about ________.
A．Andrea Peterson's life at Granite Falls
B．country，state and national music competitions
C．the growth of the music program in Granite Falls School District
D．Andrea Peterson's contributions to Granite Falls' music programs
小題3:Which of the following is NOT a benefit the students get from Andrea Peterson's class?
A．Music talent development.
B．Increased self?confidence.
C．Ability in learning other subjects.
D．Prizes for English and maths.
小題4:What is most special about the way Andrea Peterson teaches?
A．She has a special way of teaching music.
B．She makes her classes lively and interesting.
C．She combines her music class with other subjects.
D．She comes from a family of professional educators.

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