Poor Oral Health Leads to Social and Emotional Problems
A new report says nearly four-billion people have major tooth decay, or cavities. That number represents more than half of the world's population. Health officials are warning that failure to repair cavities can lead to social and emotional problems.
Wagner Marcenes is with the Institute of Dentistry at Queen Mary, University of London. He led a team of researchers as part of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. About 500 researchers attempt to collect and examine studies about all major diseases. They used the information to estimate rates of the infection.
The report says untreated tooth decay is the most common of all 291 major diseases and injuries. Professor Marcenes says cavities or holes  in permanent teeth are also known as caries.
"Caries is a chronic disease that shares the same risk factors as cancer, cardiovascular disease. What we're having now is an increase in disease from highly developed countries happening in sub-Saharan Africa and probably it will be in other areas of Africa, too."
He says an increase in tooth decay in Africa could be a result of developing countries becoming more like Western nations.
"It is likely to be related to a change in diet. Our industrialized diet leads to chronic disease, which includes caries. And that may be the main explanation."
Western diets are rich in sugar, a leading cause of health problems in the mouth. Wagner Marcenes says oral health problems can have a major effect on a person's quality of life. First, cavities make eating difficult. Second, people may change what they eat. They may eat softer foods that are not hard to chew. However, softer foods are often fattier foods.
But professor Marcenes says the biggest issue in tooth decay is both social and mental. He says the researchers found strong evidence that the mouth has a big influence on socialization. He says many people want to hide bad teeth. They smile less and communicate less.
Wagner Marcenes is calling for an "urgent, organized, social response" to the widespread lack of oral health. He believes in a natural method to fight tooth decay by having a healthier diet. He is also calling for the development of new and less costly dental materials and treatments.
小題1:From the passage, we know that Wagner Marcenes ______.
A.works as the leader of the Institute of Dentistry at Queen Mary, University of London.
B.a(chǎn)nd his researchers accumulate some studies to find out some ways to cure all major disease.
C.is in charge of the activity to estimate the infection rate with the collected and examined studies about all major studies.
D.thinks that the most serious problem caused by tooth decay is cancer that will last for a long time.
小題2:Caries is a disease that ______.
A.is listed in the most common of all 291 major diseases and injuries which will last for a long time..
B.is closely related to industrialized diet which calls for people to eat slowly.
C.increases in Africa now because developing countries are becoming developed countries.
D.will cause phychological disorder which will affect people’s communication.
小題3:The writer wrote this passage in order to ______.
A.a(chǎn)rouse people’s concern about caries and take measures to deal with it.
B.tell the result of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study.
C.warn people in Africa to adjust their diet to prevent caries.
D.tell doctors that caries affects a person’s quality of life.
小題4:What is the writer’s attitude towards tooth decay?
A.indifferentB.concernedC.a(chǎn)ngryD.negative

小題1:C
小題2:D
小題3:A
小題4:B

試題分析:文章大意:槽糕的口腔衛(wèi)生差導(dǎo)致的社會和情感問題,作者想引起人們對于口腔問題注意并及時采取措施解決它。
小題1:C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、第二句“Wagner Marcenes is with the Institute of Dentistry at Queen Mary, University of London.”可知其人是與該機(jī)構(gòu)一起工作,并非該機(jī)構(gòu)的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者,第二句提到他領(lǐng)導(dǎo)一個研究隊,所以A不對;B項提到“cure all major disease”太過絕對且文中并無體現(xiàn);C項根據(jù)第二段第二、第三、第四句可知是正確的;D項提到第四段第一句是說他們一樣危險。故不對。
小題2:D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A項根據(jù)第三段第一、第二句可知對象誤用,排除;B項第三段第一句以及第六段第一句可知是錯的;C項提到成為發(fā)達(dá)國家是錯的,應(yīng)該為“more like western nations”才對;D項從第八段最后一句可以看出:這種疾病將引起心理混亂影響人們的交流。故D正確。
小題3:A 推理判斷題。作者寫本文就是引起人們關(guān)注這種疾病并采取措施處理。故A正確;B項告訴研究結(jié)果是片面的觀點;C項從第五段看出只是一個觀點;D項不是僅僅告訴醫(yī)生所以不對。
小題4:B 事實細(xì)節(jié)題。從文章結(jié)構(gòu)來看,先提出問題然后提出解決辦法,說明作者是持著關(guān)心的態(tài)度來寫的。故B正確。
考點: 健康保健類短文閱讀。
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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:完形填空

閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A,B,C,D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
For centuries, magicians have used various ways to shock the audience. We all have seen how a   36  performer carefully steps   37  a bed of burning coals -- barefoot. Then he walks across   38  a single burn on his feet. Is it mind over matter, or is it just physics? As it turns   __39 , walking on burning coals isn’t that hot as   40 . “The coals are hot enough to   41__  you, but if you walk quickly across them you   42  being burned.” says Jonathan Hall, a physician at Penn State University in Eric Pennsylvania.
That’s because some coals are made   43   burning wood chips. Wood has two   44__   properties(特性)for fire-walking, explains Hall. First, wood is an insulator(絕緣體)--it doesn’t   __45  heat very well. “It   46 _ time for heat to travel   47  the wood to your feet.” Hall says. If the performer walked across red-hot metal   48 , that would truly be   49 , because metal conducts, or transmits, heat very well. The metal would   50  burn a performer’s feet.
Second, wood has a low specific heat-- it doesn’t take much heat to   51  its temperature. Heat is a form of   52 . Temperature is a   53  of heat, in units of degrees. So   54  the coals are hot, the value(數(shù)值)of heat energy they contain is low. Thus, a well-trained performer can   55  such an amazing result.
Still, you don’t want to walk on burning coals, do you?
小題1:
A.daringB.dareC.roughD.fearful
小題2:
A.a(chǎn)tB.overC.onD.a(chǎn)bove
小題3:
A.withB.withinC.withoutD.over
小題4:
A.out B.onC.offD.in
小題5:
A.imagineB.imaginedC.imaginingD.to imagine
小題6:
A.fireB.burnC.lightD.flame
小題7:
A.preventB.keepC.ignoreD.a(chǎn)void
小題8:
A.offB.fromC.ofD.in
小題9:
A.idealB.classicC.favoriteD.standard
小題10:
A.transmitB.communicateC.bringD.send
小題11:
A.gathersB.takesC.gainsD.stands
小題12:
A.throughB.into C.overD.pass
小題13:
A.unhappyB.unharmedC.unhealthyD.unprepared
小題14:
A.charmingB.magicalC.trickyD.fashionable
小題15:
A.instantlyB.constantlyC.frequentlyD.lately
小題16:
A.produceB.raiseC.constructD.create
小題17:
A.powerB.sourceC.energyD.strength
小題18:
A.measureB.rankC.estimateD.rate
小題19:
A.what ifB.howeverC.a(chǎn)s ifD.even though
小題20:
A.a(chǎn)chieveB.a(chǎn)rriveC.drawD.take

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

“A very destructive seven-year old child kicked my legs and scratched at my hand,” said one teacher. “I broke up a fight and was kicked,” said another. Many people have heard stories like this. But the situation is more worrying still and it involves parents.
Every child, regardless of the circumstances into which they are born, has the right to achieve their potential, regardless of their parents’ wealth and class. And we recognize that, as a nation, it is a long way to achieve this goal. But rights come with responsibilities and what worries people is that we are in danger of neglecting the latter.
Far too many children are behaving badly at school, even to the point of being violent to staff. This is terrible enough,but it is hard to be surprised since many children are just mirroring the behavior of their parents. Too many are starting school unable to hold a knife and fork, unused to eating at a table,and unable to use the lavatory properly.
We are in danger of becoming a nation of families living separate lives under one roof. The bedroom, once a place to sleep, has become the living space for the young. Spending hours in front of computer screens, on social networking sites or being immersed in computer games, children and young people spend little time with their parents. Parents are unable to monitor just what their children are watching.
Schools cannot right the wrongs of society and teachers cannot become substitute parents. Both parties need to work together. Parents must be helped and given confidence to take back control. They are responsible for setting boundaries for their children’s behavior and sticking to those boundaries when the going gets tough. They are responsible for setting a good example to their children and for devoting that most precious of resources---time---so that children come to school ready and willing to learn.
小題1:What problem do people ignore in the writer’s opinion?
A.The school violence
B.The pressure of students’ learning
C.The right to achieve students’ potential
D.Students’ responsibilities
小題2:The writer’s attitude to the behaviors of parents may be that of        .
A.dissatisfactionB.sympathyC.understandingD.tolerance
小題3:The underlined part in Paragraph 4 may mean        .
A.children don’t live with their parents in the same room
B.parents care little about children’s life at home
C.children spend little time with their parents at home
D.parents attempt to establish a good relationship with their children
小題4:From the last paragraph,we can infer that      .
A.school can’t correct the wrongs that society does to teachers
B.teachers have no responsibility for playing the role of parents
C.parents should spend time with children making them ready to learn
D.students are responsible for making themselves known in society
小題5:What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Children’s behavior at school is worrying people
B.Parents expect schools to correct their children’s bad habits
C.There is no point in parents’teaching children at home
D.Don’t blame teachers when it’s parents who are failing

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

 

Pupils remember more and behave better when 3D images are used in lessons, research suggests. They are quicker to learn and absorb new concepts, and display higher levels of concentration.
Professor Anne Bamford, of the University of the Arts, London, studied the effectiveness of 3D content in 15 schools across seven countries, including the UK. Pupils in 3D classes could remember more than those in the 2D classes after four weeks, improving test scores by an average 17 percent compared with eight percent for 2D lessons. They gave more detailed answers to the tasks and were more likely to think in 3D, using hand gestures and mime (模仿動作) to answer the test questions successfully.

The teachers commented that the pupils in the 3D groups had deeper understanding, increased attention span, more motivation and higher engagement in the lessons
Children are used to 3D with the rise of computer games that use the technology—90 percent of those in the study had seen a 3D film. Schools would need 3D-enabled projectors(投影儀), laptops with good picture capabilities, 3D software and glasses for children to introduce animations (動作) into classrooms.
But Danny Nicholson, an educationist, said the technology would be impractical to use in schools and could be too expensive. He said,“While I think the idea of 3D technology is very interesting, I worry that 3D is a bit of an expensive gimmick (小玩意兒). There are a few cases where a true 3D image might help, but most of the time, good 2D models that can be moved , would be just so effective.”
In Colorado, the US, one school district is already in the process of having 1,000 3D projectors fixed in classrooms. And the University of Caledonia, which carries out scientific research into the Lake Tabon Basin, has used 3D presentations with Grade Six pupils. Those who watched the 3D presentations were more engaged and reported a general increase in their interest in science compared with students who watched the 2D version.
小題1:Teachers think pupils in 3D classes      .
A.a(chǎn)re naughtier than those in 2D classesB.have less motivation
C.find it hard to concentrateD.have deeper understanding
小題2:Danny Nicholson tends to think that      .
A.many pupils prefer 2D models
B.3D is a bit expensive for some schools
C.true 3D images would not help in classes
D.3D technology has a bright future in classes
小題3:What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A.3D classes will soon be given in one school district in Colorado.
B.Teachers will use the 3D technology through specific training.
C.Many pupils are now more interested in science than before.
D.3D technology will replace 2D models in the future.
小題4:What is the text mainly about?
A.2D models are always more effective than 3D images.
B.The differences between 3D and 2D images.
C.How schools can make full use of 3D technology.
D.Pupils behave better when 3D images are used in classes.
小題5:Where is the text most probably taken from?
A.A history book.B.A news story
C.A science magazine.D.A school report.

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Since the beginning of the year, smog has covered parts of North China. In January, Beijing saw only five days without smog. The rising PM 2.5 readings terrified many people, and some health experts said that whenever the smog gets serious, hospitals receive more patients suffering acute respiratory(呼吸系統(tǒng))and heart diseases.
Later, news of polluted underground water in some provinces scared people who wondered whether the water they drink is safe.
So the need to emphasize environmental protection while developing the economy is heard everywhere.
Smog especially is a common concern. Like a popular online post said, air may be the only thing that is equal for everyone, despite your income or vocation. People with higher incomes are able to drink only bottled spring water and eat only organic food by paying higher prices, but they breathe the same air as everyone else.
At a meeting on Monday, many Representatives have expressed their concerns about the air quality, too. One talked about his experience in Beijing. “After taking a taxi from the capital airport to my hotel, which took about an hour, I washed my nose and found the inside of my nose was black. We should ask ourselves this question: Why do we want to develop? It's for living a better life. Dirty air is definitely not a better life," he said.
China needs to develop its economy and invest(投資) in high-tech. Every Chinese wants a strong country. But without blue sky, clean water and safe food, the achievements in the economy will become meaningless. Space technologies are not to be developed for building a base on Mars so that one day all human beings can migrate to the red planet because they have destroyed Earth.
What the public wants is a strong and beautiful China. Former president Hu Jintao spoke at the 18th Party Congress last November saying that great efforts must be made to promote ecological progress and build a beautiful China. The words have shown the central government's resolution to address the environment issue.
小題1:The effect of smog doesn’t include.
A.the rising of PM 2.5 readings
B.more people suffering diseases
C.the increase of people’s income
D.patients increased in hospital
小題2:Why smog has become a common concern?
A.Because people have to pay higher prices.
B.Because nobody can avoid it.
C.Because we have to develop industry.
D.Because a popular online-post discussed it.
小題3:The underlined word “they” in paragraph 6 refers to.
A.human beingsB.other plants
C.space technologiesD.industrial development
小題4:From the last two paragraphs we can infer that.
A.high-tech can completely solve the problem of pollution
B.space technologies should be developed in a large scale
C.we can move to the Mars after the earth has been destroyed
D.we must protect the environment while developing economy

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:完形填空

閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
This morning, as I was getting close to the supermarket, I saw a small   36   gathering around an elderly woman with blood under her face. I stopped and asked if I could   37 . I told her I was certified(授予證書的)in first aid. Then I   38  someone for a first aid kit(工具箱). But she didn’t want help, saying she was fine. But she wasn’t fine. I asked her to   39  with me and we   40  about her routine of getting groceries. People brought out ice packs, water and paper towels from the   41  nearby. I put on the gloves from the first aid kit, and cleaned her up a bit, but   42  I just talked to her and held her hand.
Two   43  happened to be passing by and   44  to help check her out a bit. Finally, after ten minutes the   45  arrived and I talked to the emergency medical team and they   __46 .
I was certified in first aid years back, and I got re-certified a month ago, but I never   47  it once. However, I realized being certified isn’t   48  about providing the aid. I didn’t stop the bleeding. I didn’t   49  to examine her. Mostly it was about providing comfort for people in a difficult   50  . The certification gave me the   51  to do that: to kneel on the sidewalk, holding an old woman’s hand, and to help make those _ 52  few minutes just a little bit better.
If you’re not certified in first aid, I can’t   53  it strongly enough. It takes four hours of your time at your   54  Red Cross. With what you’ll   55  , maybe you’ll be able to help someone like the old lady one day.
小題1:
A.peopleB.publicC.trafficD.crowd
小題2:
A.watch outB.look outC.help outD.make out
小題3:
A.paid B.sentC.a(chǎn)ppliedD.scolded
小題4:
A.stayB.walkC.a(chǎn)ccompanyD.shop
小題5:
A.lookedB.caredC.talkedD.quarreled
小題6:
A.hospitalB.supermarketC.stationD.office
小題7:
A.mostlyB.maybeC.simplyD.extremely
小題8:
A.policemenB.volunteersC.clerksD.doctors
小題9:
A.refusedB.stoppedC.layD.woke
小題10:
A.a(chǎn)mbulanceB.familyC.driverD.officer
小題11:
A.operated onB.turned upC.ran awayD.took over
小題12:
A.likedB.noticedC.usedD.met
小題13:
A.necessarilyB.possiblyC.hopefullyD.commonly
小題14:
A.wantB.teachC.permitD.try
小題15:
A.placeB.situationC.lifeD.position
小題16:
A.harmB.confidenceC.lessonD.wish
小題17:
A.confusingB.movingC.scaryD.friendly
小題18:
A.recommendB.demandC.supportD.explain
小題19:
A.formalB.nationalC.localD.private
小題20:
A.recognizeB.offerC.a(chǎn)llowD.Learn

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Why would an animal kill itself? It seems a strange question, and yet it is one that has made some scientists curious for a long time. For there is a kind of animal called lemming(旅鼠), that periodically killed themselves together, and no one knows just why!
The small creatures which live in the Scandinavian mountains, feed on a diet of roots and special insects and live in nests they dig underground. When their food supply is large, the lemmings live a normal and undisturbed life. 
However, when the lemmings’ food supply becomes too low to support the population, a singular migration(遷徙)begins. The lemmings leave their nests in groups. Great numbers of them begin to travel across the Scandinavian plains, a journey that may last weeks. The lemmings eat everything in their path, continuing their long march until they reach the sea. 
The reason for what follows remains unbelievable to naturalists. Upon reaching the coast, the lemmings do not stop but swim by the thousands into the sea. Most stay afloat only a short time before they tire, sink and drown. 
A common theory for this mass self-killing is that the lemmings do not realize that the ocean is such a huge body of water in their cross-country journey, the animals must cross many smaller bodies of water, such as rivers and small lakes. They may think that the sea is just another such swimmable path to go through. But no final answer has been found to the strange happening. 
小題1:The passage is mainly about______. 
A.how lemmings find food
B.why animals kill themselves
C.the lemmings’ self-killing
D.the food supply in the Scandinavian mountains
小題2:A reason for the lemmings’ self-killing might be that they______. 
A.go mad from a lack of food
B.hope to find fish for food
C.decide to reduce the population
D.think they can cross the sea
小題3:Why are scientists curious about the lemmings’ behavior?
A.Because they are the only animals that live in Scandinavia.
B.Because it is very unusual for animals to kill themselves.
C.Because of the amount of food they can eat on their march to the sea.
D.Because they can gather together in such huge numbers.
小題4:The underlined word “singular” means______.
A.unusualB.singleC.wonderful D.common

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

Among the Boys is a unique after-school program for boys living in the Highland Park neighborhood of our city. The organizational task is to provide males living in low-income and public housing with opportunities to discover their ability to change challenges into possibilities. The program includes an academic part as well as specific plans for supporting the overall development of the participants. Among the Boys uses painting as an instrument for helping boys examine their world, discuss it, and develop positive ways of handling the challenges they face daily. Young men present personal challenges to the group, such as a recent fight or the long-term drug abuse they observe in their neighborhood. After guided discussion, the youth work as a team, determining how to best represent the issue at hand in a painting. The resulting paintings and explanations of these paintings provided by the young people suggest that something profound(深遠(yuǎn)的) occurs through this process. These young men are learning a healthy way to express and cope with the pain and suffering they feel. Art serves as a healing process and a structured method of teaching teamwork, nonviolent values, conflict handling and problem-solving skills.
Activities in Among the Boys are in agreement with the best practices in the prevention of high-risk behavior. First, community-based youth development programs are considered important parts of a comprehensive prevention method, particularly in high-risk neighborhoods. Second, compensatory(補(bǔ)償) education that targets at risk youth for academic failure is also considered an effective prevention method. Third, interventions(介入) aimed at improving youth’s moral reasoning, social problem-solving, and thinking skills are reported to be effective methods for reducing violence in high-risk populations, especially when carried out with elementary school-aged boys. Finally, Among the Boys has an adapted tutoring part, considered an effective prevention tool. Tutoring is typically a one-to-one match between a tutor and a youth, but Among the Boys employs what is referred to as “group tutoring.” Among the Boys makes up for its high student-tutor ratio(比例) with quality and quantity of time, as the program meets after school, on Saturdays, and all day during the summer, and is staffed primarily by males, an unusual quality among educational programs.
Among the Boys is rare and successful form of grassroots program, and represents the dream of a successful male who grew up in the Highland Park neighborhood and has returned to make a valuable contribution to his community. 
小題1:Which of the following most accurately describes the organization of the second paragraph?
A.A theory is presented and proved with data.
B.A statement is made and supported with examples.
C.A problem is put forward and solutions are suggested
D.A situation is described and a prediction is provided
小題2: Which of the following statements is implied in the passage?
A.Art programs can promote painting but cannot prevent school failure.
B.Social problem-solving skills are not important for high school-age youth.
C.Most educational programs have some female staff members.
D.Teamwork produces better paintings than does independent work.
小題3: In discussing Among the Boys’ tutoring part, the author implies that ______.
A.Among the Boys employs a traditional tutoring model
B.tutoring is effective only with elementary school-age boys
C.tutoring prevents the youth’s attention from wandering off
D.increased hours with a group can be as effective as a one-to-one tutoring relationship
小題4:The founder of the program described in the passage ______.
A.sought contributions to make his program successful
B.designed the program for the same neighborhood in which he grew up
C.is seeking reelection for the Highland Park community school board
D.was a successful graduate of Among the Boys when he was a youth
小題5: The attitude of the author of the passage toward Among the Boys is ______.
A.forgivingB.doubtfulC.praisingD.ignorant

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科目:高中英語 來源:不詳 題型:閱讀理解

1. What will I need to take a Test?
You need a photo ID, your instructor’s name, a pencil or pen, a calculator, etc.
2. How will I know about time limits?
Students will be informed of any testing time limits, and notified when time is up.
3. If I have my books or backpack, does the Test Center have a place to store them while I’m testing?
Yes. Students will be asked to leave all books, backpacks, purses and any other personal items in a lockable storage room.
4. The only time I can take a test is during lunch. Can I eat my lunch while I am testing?
No food or drink are allowed in the Test Center.
5. I conduct business via a pager(尋呼機(jī)) or cell phone. Will I be allowed to use them in the Test Center?
No. all pagers and cell phones must be turned off before entering the Test Center. There are other students testing who may be distracted by these devices.
6. If I need to borrow more scratch paper(草稿紙) am I allowed to borrow from another student in the Test Center?
Ask the teacher and more material will be given. Talking is not permitted in the Test Center. You will give all scratch paper to the teacher at the end of the test.
7. If I start a test but don’t finish it, can I come back the next day to finish it?
If you have prior(在先的) arrangements with your instructor you may continue a test the next day. Students are expected to complete their test before closing time of the Test Center. Depending on the test, most tests will not be given within one hour of closing time.
小題1:What does the underlined word “notified” probably mean?
A.Noticed.B.Told.C.Questioned.D.Asked.
小題2: When you take a test in the Test Center, all of the following are forbidden EXCEPT _____.
A.to eat and drinkB.to use your cell phone
C.to leave your purse on the deskD.to ask for more scratch paper
小題3: If you don’t finish the test you ______.
A.must turn in the paper on time
B.should get help from your instructor
C.can continue it the next day by prior arrangement
D.can take the paper out of the center
小題4:What would be the best title for the passage?
A.Frequently asked questions about the Test Center
B.Useful suggestions on different kinds of tests
C.General requirements for students to have tests
D.Brief introduction to the Test Center

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