Question

【題目】 Scientific research gives new explanations to a very old relationship.

Dog Sense: How the New Science of Dog Behaviour Can Make You a Better Friend to Your Pet. By John Bradshaw. Basic Books; 324 pages; $25.99. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk

Dogs seem to have been our beloved companions since there was written history. It is hard to be precise(精確地) about when the friendship began, but a reasonable guess is that it has been going strong for more than 20,000 years. For John Bradshaw, a biologist who founded the anthrozoology department(the place known as human-non-human-animal studies) at the University of Bristol, having some idea about how dogs got to be dogs is the first step towards gaining a better understanding of human-dog relationship. It is generally accepted that dogs were raised by human beings from wolves. However, Bradshaw’s research refuted the wrong ideas about the close relationship of dogs to wolves and the mistakes that this has led to, especially in the training of dogs over the past century or so.

Dogs are not like nicely brought-up wolves, says the author, nor are they much like people despite their excellent ability to enter our lives and our hearts. However, dogs have a distinguish talent: they experience and react to the world through their extraordinary sense of smell: their sensitivity to smells is between 10,000 and 100,000 times greater than ours. And their trainability allow dogs to perform almost unimaginable tasks, such as smelling the early stages of a cancer long before a normal medical diagnosis(診斷) would discover it.

The latest scientific research can help dogs and their owners have happier, healthier relationships by encouraging people to understand dogs better. But Mr. Bradshaw is also fearful. In particular, he fears the incestuous（近親繁殖）narrowing of the gene pool that modern breeders have brought about. He also worries that the increasing urbanization of society and the pressures on couples to work long hours are putting dogs under huge stress.

“Dog Sense” is neither a report nor a description of the joys of dog-ownership. At times its use of research data can be slightly difficult to understand. But this is a wonderfully informative, instructive book that will do good to every dog whose owner reads it.

【1】What’s the meaning of the underlined word in Paragraph 3?

A.ProvedB.DisagreedC.DescribedD.Explained

【2】Which of the following statements about dogs is not true according to the passage?

A.Dogs and wolves are close relatives.

B.Some dogs can smell early stage cancers.

C.The relationship between dogs and humans has a long history.

D.Dog may suffer from depression.

【3】The purpose of the passage may be .

A.to introduce something about dogs

B.to present the result of a book

C.to change people’s attitude towards dogs

D.to advertise a book about dogs

【4】How does the author find Dog Sense?

A.BoringB.InterestingC.UsefulD.Hard

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】D

【4】C

【解析】

本文是一篇說明文。介紹了Dog Sense 這本書，帶領(lǐng)人們更多地去了解狗。

【1】

詞義猜測題。由第三段“It is generally accepted that dogs were raised by human beings from wolves. However, Bradshaw’s research refuted the wrong ideas about the close relationship of dogs to wolves and the mistakes that this has led to, especially in the training of dogs over the past century or so.”可知，人們普遍認為狗是由狼養(yǎng)出來的。然而，布拉德肖的研究 refuted了狗和狼關(guān)系密切的錯誤觀點，以及由此導(dǎo)致的錯誤，特別是在過去一個世紀(jì)左右的狗的訓(xùn)練中。根據(jù)上下文的語境可知，布拉德肖的研究 駁斥了狗和狼關(guān)系密切的錯誤觀點，以及由此導(dǎo)致的錯誤，特別是在過去一個世紀(jì)左右的狗的訓(xùn)練中。由此判斷出，劃線詞的意思是“不贊同”。故選B項。

【2】

細節(jié)理解題。由第三段“Dogs seem to have been our beloved companions since there was written history. It is hard to be precise(精確地) about when the friendship began, but a reasonable guess is that it has been going strong for more than 20,000 years.”可知，從人類開始有記載歷史起，大概是2萬年前開始，狗狗便成為人類最友好的伙伴。C項是說狗狗與人類的友誼有很長的歷史，所以C項正確。由第四段“And their trainability allow dogs to perform almost unimaginable tasks, such as smelling the early stages of a cancer long before a normal medical diagnosis(診斷) would discover it.”可知，狗狗可以嗅出癌癥早期。所以B 項正確。由第五段“He also worries that the increasing urbanization of society and the pressures on couples to work long hours are putting dogs under huge stress.”可知，社會的逐步城市化以及夫妻長期加班的壓力可能會使狗狗也處于高壓之下。所以D項正確。由第三段“However, Bradshaw’s research refuted the wrong ideas about the close relationship of dogs to wolves and the mistakes that this has led to”可知，Bradshaw 的研究否認了狗狗和狼的近親關(guān)系。所以A項錯誤。故選A項。

【3】

推理判斷題。文章第二段“Dog Sense: How the New Science of Dog Behaviour Can Make You a Better Friend to Your Pet. By John Bradshaw. Basic Books; 324 pages; $25.99. Buy from Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk”介紹了書名、作者、書的頁數(shù)、價格以及購買網(wǎng)址等相關(guān)信息。第三、四、五段提到了John Bradshaw 對人狗關(guān)系的一些新觀點。最后一段點題，提到了本文作者對這本書的評價。由上可以推斷，文章旨在向人們介紹這本有關(guān)狗狗的書 。故選D項。

【4】

推理判斷題。由文章最后一句話“But this is a wonderfully informative, instructive book that will do good to every dog whose owner reads it.”可知，文章作者認為 Dog Sense 這本書信息量很大，有指導(dǎo)意義。狗的主人閱讀了這本書，會對他們的狗狗大有裨益。由“wonderfully，do good to，informative，instructive”這樣一些字眼可判斷出，作者認為 Dog Sense 這本書是大有裨益的。故選C項。

根據(jù)事實細節(jié)，推斷合理信息。推理題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，作出一定判斷和推論，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中某一句話，也可是某幾句話，但做題的指導(dǎo)思想都是以文字信息為依據(jù)，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根據(jù)的推理，也不能根據(jù)表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是說，要做到判斷有據(jù), 推論有理, 忠實原文。切忌用自己的觀點代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面結(jié)論。由文章最后一句話“But this is a wonderfully informative, instructive book that will do good to every dog whose owner reads it.”可知，文章作者認為 Dog Sense 這本書信息量很大，有指導(dǎo)意義。狗的主人閱讀了這本書，會對他們的狗狗大有裨益。由“wonderfully，do good to，informative ，instructive”這樣一些字眼可判斷出，作者認為 Dog Sense 這本書是大有裨益的。故小題4選C項。