Culture can affect not just language and customs, but also how people experience the world on surprisingly basic levels.
Researchers, with the help of brain scans, have ______ shocking differences in perception between Westerners and Asians, what they see when they look at a city street, for example, or even how they are _____ of a simple line in a square, according to findings published in a(n) _____ science journal.
In Western countries, culture makes people think of themselves as highly ______ entities. When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings. East Asian cultures, however, ________ inter-dependence, When Easterners look at a scene, they tend to focus on the surroundings as well as the object.
Using an experiment ________ two tasks, Dr. Hedden asked subjects to look at a line simply to estimate its length, a task that played to American’s _______. In another, they estimated the line’s length relative to the size of a square, an easier task for the Asian.
The level of brain activity, by ______ blood flow, was then measured by Brain Scanners. The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance, and the tasks were very easy, the levels of activity in the subjects’ brain were ______. For the Americans, areas ______ to attention were more favorable to them, when they worked on the task they tended to find more difficult --- estimating the line’s size relative to the square. The findings are a ______ of more than ten years of previous experimental research into East-West differences.
In one study, for instance researchers ______ people a choice among five pens; four red and one green. Easterners were more likely to choose a red pen, and Westerners were more likely to choose the green one.
Culture does not only make a(n) ______ on how you see the world, but how you choose to understand and internalize it. But such habits can be changed. Some psychological studies suggest that when an Easterner goes to the West or vice versa, habits of thought and perception also begin to change. Such research gives us ______ to how our brain works and holds new promises for us to develop programs to improve our memory techniques and __________ our learning skills.
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【小題15】D
解析試題分析：文章介紹一項(xiàng)對(duì)于東西方人的認(rèn)知方面的不同的研究，得出結(jié)論，西方人認(rèn)為自己是獨(dú)立的，東方人認(rèn)為人們是相互依存的關(guān)系，文化差異導(dǎo)致東西方人們的認(rèn)知水平的差異，但是可以改變的。
【小題1】考查動(dòng)詞：A. recovered恢復(fù)，B. revealed揭示，C. rejected拒絕，D. replaced代替，根據(jù)with the help of brain scans,可知在大腦掃描的基礎(chǔ)上，研究人員揭示亞洲人和西方人的認(rèn)知的不同。選B
【小題2】考查形容詞：A. aware意識(shí)到，B. sensitive敏感的，C. capable 有能力的，D. ignorant無(wú)知的，愚昧的，他們?cè)趺匆庾R(shí)到廣場(chǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單的線。選A
【小題3】考查形容詞：A. essential基本的，B. complex復(fù)雜的，C. leading主要的，D. inviting誘人的，這些研究是以=一個(gè)主要的科學(xué)期刊出版的，選C
【小題4】考查形容詞：A. independent 獨(dú)立的， B. creative有創(chuàng)造力C. cooperative合作的，D. responsible 負(fù)責(zé)的，從后面的When looking at scenes, Westerners tend to focus more on central objects than on their surroundings.可知西方人認(rèn)為自己是獨(dú)立的，選 A
【小題5】考查動(dòng)詞：A. neglect忽視，B. rely依賴，C. compliment向……道賀，稱贊，向……致意D. emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào)，和西方人不同的是亞洲人是相信相互依存，選D
【小題6】考查動(dòng)詞：A. involving涉及，B. referring指，C. joining參加，D. participating參與，使用涉及兩個(gè)任務(wù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)。BCD都要接介詞，選A
【小題7】考查名詞：A. respect尊敬，B. favor贊同，喜愛(ài)，C. surprise驚訝，D. resistance抵制，, 從后面的an easier task for the Asian.可知這個(gè)任務(wù)是有利于美國(guó)人的，to one’s favor對(duì)某人有利。選B
【小題8】考查動(dòng)詞：A. reducing減少，B. adding增加，C. tracking跟蹤，D. speeding加速，通過(guò)跟蹤血液流動(dòng)，大腦的活動(dòng)水平就被大腦掃描儀檢測(cè)到了，選C
【小題9】考查形容詞：A. the same同樣的，B. different不同的，C. unique獨(dú)特的，D. unusual不尋常的，從前面的句子：The experiment found that although there was no difference in performance,可知他們的大腦的活動(dòng)水平是不一樣的，選B
【小題10】考查形容詞：A. objective客觀的，B. associated有聯(lián)系的，C. opposite相反的，D. linked有聯(lián)系的，和注意力有關(guān)的部分更加有利于他們。Associated和with連用，選D
【小題11】考查名詞：A. comment評(píng)論，B. reflection反射，反應(yīng)，C. reaction反應(yīng)，D. respond回答，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)反應(yīng)了對(duì)多年來(lái)的東西方的差異的研究，選B
【小題12】考查動(dòng)詞：A. provided提供，B. offered提供C. supplied提供D. handed遞交，研究人員提供給人們5只鋼筆的選擇。Offer sb sth，provide sb for sth，supply sb for sth，選B
【小題13】考查名詞：A. agreement同意，B. effort努力，C. impact影響，D. affect影響（動(dòng)詞），文化不僅影響你怎么看待這個(gè)世界，而且影響你怎么選擇理解它，選C
【小題14】考查名詞：A. clues線索，B. ideas注意，C. concepts概念，D. suggestions建議，這樣的研究給我們對(duì)于大腦是如何運(yùn)作的新線索。選A
【小題15】考查動(dòng)詞：A. rise升起，上漲，B. enable能夠，C. decrease減少，D. enhance提高，增加，加強(qiáng)，從前面的improve our memory techniques可知這里是提高學(xué)習(xí)技能，選D
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
I once had a teacher whose husband died suddenly of heart attack．About a week after his death, she some of her thoughts with a classroom of students．As the late afternoon sunlight shone the classroom windows, and when the class was nearly over, she a few things aside on the edge of her desk and sat down.
With a look on her face，she paused and said，“ class is over，I’d like to share with all of you a deep which I feel is very important．Each of us is put here on to learn，share，love，appreciate and give of ourselves． of us knows when this fantastic experience will ．It can be taken away at any moment．Perhaps this is the God’s of telling us that we must make the of every single day.”
Her eyes were beginning to ，but she went on，“So I would like you all to make me a ：From now on，on your way to school，or on your way home，find something beautiful to ．It doesn't have to be something you see．It could be a of freshly baked bread floating out of someone’s house， or it could be the sound of the soft rustling(沙沙作響)the leaves in the trees…．Please look for these things， and them，for at anytime it can all be taken away．’’
The class was completely ．We all picked up our books and went out of the room silently．That ，I observed many more beautiful things on my way home from school than usual．
Remember：Life is not by the number of breaths we take，but by the moments that take our breath away．
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
A man and his girlfriend just got married. The husband didn’t talk much but he was a steady man. The wife was pretty and dreamy. Everyone could tell that the love they had for each other was true.
A few months later, the wife came to the husband with a proposal, “I read in a magazine about how we can 36 our marriage. Each of us will write a list of the things that we find a bit 37 with the other. Then, we can place them on the table to discuss how we 38 them together and make our life even happier.”
“Are you sure you are about to do this?” the husband sighed and 39 . So each of them went to a(n) 40 room and thought about the things that annoyed them about the other for the rest of the day.
The next morning, at the breakfast table, they decided that they would go over their 41 .
“I’ll start,” offered his wife eagerly. She 42 her list. It had many items on it, enough to fill 3 pages. She read all three pages to her husband and seemed to be quite pleased with her hard “work”. After hearing that, the husband stated 43 , “I don’t have anything on my list. I think that you are perfect the 44 that you are. I don’t want you to 45 anything for me.”
The wife, touched by his honesty and the depth of his love for and his 46 of her without any conditions, turned her head and wept. At that moment, she came to understand the saying: “Beauty lies in the lover's eyes”.
In life, there are enough time when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don’t really have to go 47 for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise. Why waste time seeking the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us, and see the wonderful things before us? If you are accustomed to judging people, you have no time to love them.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
Beware of those who use the truth to deceive(欺騙). When someone tells you something that is , but leaves out important information that should be , he can create a false impression.
For example, someone might say, “I just a hundred dollars on the lottery. It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the store and it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy is a winner, ? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that he bought two hundred , and only one was a winner. He’s really a big !
He didn’t say anything that was , but he deliberately left out some important . That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are not technically , but they are just as not .
Untrustworthy candidates in campaigns often use this tactic(手段). Let’s say that during Governor Smith’s last term, the state lost one million jobs and three million jobs. Then she another term. One of her opponents runs an ad , “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost one million jobs!”That’s true. , an honest statement would have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net gain of million jobs. ”
Advertisers will sometimes use half-truths. It’s the law to make false claims so they try to mislead you with the . An ad might boast, “Nine out of ten doctors recommend Yucky Pills to cure nose pimples. ”It to mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for the Yucky Corporation.
This kind of deception happens too often. It’s a sad fact of life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple ____.
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we ____ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult ____ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural ____, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really____issues.
Dunbar ____ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—____, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the ____ of the higher primates（靈長(zhǎng)類動(dòng)物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or____ from outside it.
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar ____ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the ____ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to ____ the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be ____ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more ____ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有聲的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one ____ contact.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
A person should eat right，get some exercise，or he or she will look terrible in 25 years.And if the person drinks and smokes? Even____．That's the message from Blue Cross Blue Shield.The ____，called “Future You”，uses a digital camera and computer to compare a person's current image with his or her future ____ without changes in bad habits.
“Smoking can ___ your skin，” said Anna，a creative operation manager，“You can see what the results of the toxins(毒素) and the chemicals in____are.” Along with the potentially____sight of one's older self，F(xiàn)uture You offers sciencebased____on what to eat，how much to exercise and other ways to ____ your health.But will it work? Too ____ to tell was the verdict(意見(jiàn)) of Anna.“I want to see some data！” she said.
Generally，Anna said，men show____concern about their appearance than women.“Women say，‘That looks like my ____on the screen，’” she said.“Men are more likely to ____，‘Yeah，go ahead.Put it on Facebook.’” The project was raised more than a year ago to improve the overall(總體的) health of the people who are ____ of this company.In addition，the growth in the ranks of ____customers would bring down the overall cost of health care.In coming weeks，two new ones will be ___ in locations such as the American Tobacco Campus and the Museum of Natural Science.If users ____，their information will be stored as secrets without names to create a database of good and bad ___．
The process is free and the response is not ____，at least according to Valencia Robertson，one of a line of people who waited to ____ the instrument on Thursday.“I'm good，” Robertson said after ____ her future image.“It's not going to be a big difference.”
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
America's Beauty Is in Its Diversity
America is built on the idea of freedom，and there is no exception for Muslim women.I ____ the freedom of religion and speech.But mostly，I believe it's OK to be ____，and to stand up for who and what you are.So I believe in wearing the hijab.
The hijab is a religious head covering，like a scarf.I am Muslim，and keeping my head covered is a ____ of maturity and respect toward my ____ and to Allah's will.____，I also like to wear it to be different.I don't usually like to do what everyone else is doing.I want to be a(n) ____，not just part of the crowd.But when I first wore it，I was also afraid of the ____ that I'd get at school.
I ____ on my own that sixth grade was the ____ I should start wearing the hijab.I was ____ about what the kids would say or even do to me.I thought they might make fun of me，or ____ be scared of me and ____ my headscarf.Kids at that age usually like to be all the same，and there's little or no ____ of differences.
On the first day of school，I put all those ____ thoughts behind my back and walked in with my head held high.I was holding my breath a little，but ____ I was also proud to be a Muslim，proud to be wearing the hijab，proud to be different.
I was ____ about everything I thought the kids would say or even do to me.I actually met a lot of people because of wearing my head covering.Most of the kids would come and ask me questions—____—about the hijab and why I wore it.
I did hear some kid was making fun of me，___ there was one girl—she wasn't even in my class，and we never really talked much—and she spoke ____ me，and I wasn't even there！I made a lot of new friends that year，friends that I still have until this very day，five years later.
Yes，I'm different，but everyone is different here，in one way or another.This is the ____ of America.
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
England was one of the first countries to set aside a day to recognize mothers．In the eighteenth century, many people worked as household servants for the , "Mothering Sunday" was _ for them to return home to be with their mothers．Though this stopped when the Industrial Revolution altered the working and living patterns of people, one for mothers was established as a holiday in the twentieth century．
In the United States, Mother's Day did not become a（n） holiday until 1915．Its establishment was due to the perseverance and love of one , Anna Jarvis．Anna's mother had provided strength and support as the family their home in West Virginia and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania her father served as a minister．
When Mrs Jarvis died on May 5, 1905, Anna was determined to her．She asked a minister at the church in West Virginia to give a sermon（布道） memory of her mother．
On the same Sunday in Philadelphia, ministers there honoured Mrs.Jarvis and all mothers with a (n) Mother's Day service．Anna Jarvis began writing to congressmen, asking them to a day to honour mothers. In 1910, the governor of West Virginia proclaimed(宣布) the second Sunday in May as Mother's Day and a year later every state it．
On Mother' s Day morning some American children the tradition of serving their mothers breakfast in bed．Other children will give their mothers which they have made themselves or bought in ．Adults give their mothers red carnations, the official Mother's Day flower．If their mothers , they may bring white carnations to their grave（墳?zāi)梗﹕ites．This is the busiest day of the year for American ．On the special day, family members do not want Mom to cook dinner!
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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：完型填空
It was the middle of my third grade, and I always lied for no reason about many things. Later, I realized that I was labeled(標(biāo)簽為) a liar, and my parents did not_____ me. Therefore, I promised to_____telling lies.
A few days later, my sister and I were invited to spend the weekend with my aunt. On that day, someone took one of Aunt Kim’s erasers and_____it across the top of the TV. The eraser ruined the shiny_____of the TV. When Aunt Kim discovered the destrction, all three of us were called into the TV room and asked to tell the____. Nobody did! The next thing I knew was that she was on the phone with my parents and they were on their way to____ me up.
It must be me! I was the_____. I was taken home and sent to my room. I begged them to believe that I was innocent, but no one______.
I stayed in my room the rest of that day. My parents_____let me out for dinner. And then there was a knock at the front door. Aunt Kim was standing there. It turned out that my younger sister finally felt_____! She_____that she was the one who rubbed the eraser on the TV. Aunt Kim had come to get me. I was invited back!
I don’t even remember being_____at my sister. I learned a valuable lesson about lying. A liar is not believed when he tells the truth.No matter how big or_____your lie is, once you are labeled a liar, _____trust takes a lot of work and time. I promised myself right then_____to lie again.
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