A euphemism (from the Greek words eu—well and pheme—speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct way of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or the bodily functions.Most people，for example，would find it very difficult to say in plain language that they have arranged for their sick old dog to be killed.They would soften the pain by saying：We had Ruby put down or We had Ruby put to sleep.Many people prefer to call someone plain than ugly，or cuddly rather than fat.
Euphemisms are an important part of every language，but it seems that English has an ever­growing number of them.The non­native speaker not only has to make sense of the euphemisms he hears，he also has to learn which euphemisms are appropriate in any particular situation.He might be aware that his American friend needs to use the toilet when she asks where the bathroom (or restroom，or comfort station) is，but he is less likely to guess that his English friend has the same need when he says he has to see a man about a dog.He might have learned，for example，that in the family way is a euphemism for pregnant.If，however，he says to his boss，“Congratulations！I hear your wife is in the family way，” he would be using an expression that is too familiar for the circumstances.
Schools are full of euphemisms.At Frankfurt International School，for example，the special lessons given to students who are having difficulties in their school subjects are called Study Center (in the middle school) and Academic Workshop (in the high school)．Teachers rightly do not want to upset students or parents by being too frank or straightforward，and usually choose a softer word or expression to convey the same message.
【小題1】According to the passage，people use euphemisms in order to________.

A．make themselves understood
B．a(chǎn)void embarrassment
C．to sound straightforward
D．a(chǎn)ttract attention
【小題2】A person who is described as plain and cuddly is in fact________.
A．tall and handsome　B．pretty and slim
C．ugly but tall　D．ugly and fat
【小題3】When an English lady says she has to see a man about a dog，she might want to________.
A．have her old dog killed　B．see an ugly friend
C．go to the toiletD．see a pregnant woman
【小題4】The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to________.
A．stress that euphemisms are an important part of every language
B．inform readers that English has an ever­growing number of euphemisms
C．suggest non­native speakers use euphemisms as often as possible
D．warn English learners to be careful about the meaning and use of euphemisms
【小題5】At Frankfurt International School，the students who receive lessons in Study Center________.
A．have poor grades in the subjects
B．do well in school
C．work hard at their lessons
D．prefer to learn more


【小題1】B
【小題2】D
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
【小題5】A

解析語篇解讀　本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了委婉語在英語中的廣泛應(yīng)用，并提醒英語學(xué)習(xí)者，要在溝通中注意委婉語的意思和用法，以免出現(xiàn)尷尬狀況。
【小題1】解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第一句“A euphemism (from the Greek words eu—well and pheme—speak) is a word or expression that is used when people want to find a polite or less direct way of talking about difficult or embarrassing topics like death or the bodily functions.”可知，答案B“為了避免尷尬”符合文意。
答案：　B
【小題2】解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“Many people prefer to call someone plain than ugly，or cuddly rather than fat.”可知，答案D符合文意。
答案：　D
【小題3】解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“He might be aware that his American friend n3eds to use the toilet when she asks where the bathroom (or restroom，or comfort station) is，but he is less likely to guess that his English friend has the same need when he says he has to see a man about a dog.”可知，答案C符合文意。
答案：　C
【小題4】解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“...not only has to make sense of the...also has to learn...in any particular situation.”及對(duì)第二段的整體理解可知，列舉了英語中應(yīng)用委婉語的不同情形，從而給英語學(xué)習(xí)者提醒：要在溝通中注意委婉語的意思和用法，以免出現(xiàn)尷尬狀況。
答案：　D
【小題5】解析：　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句“At Frankfurt International School，for example，the special lessons given to students who are having difficulties in their school subjects are called Study Center (in the middle school) and Academic Workshop (in the high school)．”可知，答案A符合文意。
答案：　A

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

I began working in journalism when I was eight. It was my mother’s idea. She wanted me to “make something” of myself, and decided I had better start young if I was to have any chance of keeping up with the competition.
With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue. The crowds were there. There were two gas stations on the corner of Belleville and Union. For several hours I made myself highly visible, making sure everyone could see me and the heavy black letters on the bag that said THE SATURDAY EVENING POST. When it was supper time, I walked back home.
“How many did you sell, my boy?” my mother asked.
“None.”
“Where did you go?”
“The corner of Belleville and Union Avenues.”
“What did you do?”
“Stood on the corner waiting for somebody to buy a Saturday Evening Post.”
“You just stood there?”
“Didn’t sell a single one.”
“My God, Russell!”
Uncle Allen put in, “Well, I’ve decided to take the Post.” I handed him a copy and he paid me a nickle(五分鎳幣). It was the first nickle I earned.
Afterwards my mother taught me how to be a salesman. I would have to ring doorbells, address adults with self-confidence, and persuade them by saying that no one, no matter how poor, could afford to be without the Saturday Evening Post in the home.
One day, I told my mother I’d changed my mind. I didn’t want to make a success in the magazine business.
“If you think you can change your mind like this,” she replied, “you’ll become a good-for-nothing.” She insisted that, as soon as school was over, I should start ringing doorbells, selling magazines. Whenever I said no, she would scold me.
My mother and I had fought this battle almost as long as I could remember. My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain workman’s life, determined that I would not grow up like him and his people. But never did she expect that, forty years later, such a successful journalist as me would go back to her husband’s people for true life and love.
【小題1】Why did the boy start his job young?

A．He wanted to be famous in the future B．The job was quite easy for him.
C．His mother had high hopes for him. D．The competition for the job was fierce.
【小題2】From the dialogue between the boy and his mother, we learn that the mother was _______.
A．excited B．interested C．a(chǎn)shamed D．disappointed
【小題3】What did the mother do when the boy wanted to give up?
A．She forced him to continue. B．She punished him.
C．She gave him some money. D．She changed her plan.
【小題4】The phrase “this battle” in the last paragraph refers to      .
A．the war between the boy’s parents
B．the arguing between the boy and his mother
C．the quarrel between the boy and his customers
D．the fight between the boy and his father
【小題5】What is the text mainly about?
A．The early life of a journalist.
B．The early success of a journalist.
C．The happy childhood of the writer.
D．The important role of the writer in his family.

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Children have their own rules in playing games. They seldom need a referee(裁判) and rarely trouble to keep scores. They don’t care much about who wins or loses, and it doesn’t seem to worry them if the game is not finished. Yet, they like games that depend a lot on luck, so that their personal abilities cannot be directly compared. They also enjoy games that move in stages, in which each stage, the choosing of leaders, the picking-up of sides, or the determining of which side shall start, is almost a game in itself.
Grown-ups can hardly find children’s games exciting, and they often feel puzzled at why their kids play such simple games again and again. However, it is found that a child plays games for very important reasons. He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person, and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid. He becomes a leader when it comes to his turn. He can be confident, too, in particular games, that it is his place to give orders, to pretend to be dead, to throw a ball actually at someone, or to kiss someone he has caught.
It appears to us that when children play a game they imagine a situation under their control. Everyone knows the rules, and more importantly, everyone plays according to the rules. Those rules may be childish, but they make sure that every child has a chance to win.
【小題1】. What is true about children when they play games?

A．They can stop playing any time they like.
B．They can test their personal abilities.
C．They want to pick a better team. 　
D．They don’t need rules.
【小題2】. To become a leader in a game the child has to             .
A．play well
B．wait for his turn
C．be confident in himself
D．be popular among his playmates
【小題3】. What do we know about grown-ups?
A．They are not interested in games.
B．They find children’s games too easy.
C．They don’t need a reason to play games.
D．They don’t understand children’s games.
【小題4】 Why does a child like playing games?
A．Because he can be someone other than himself.
B．Because he can become popular among friends.
C．Because he finds he is always lucky in games.
D．Because he likes the place where he plays a game.
【小題5】. The writer believes that             .
A．children should make better rules for their games
B．children should invite grown-ups to play with them
C．children’s games can do them a lot of good
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

NEW YORK (Reuters Health)—Kids who eat better perform better in school, a new study of Nova Scotia fifth?graders confirms.
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While a healthy diet is generally assumed to be important for good school performance, there has actually been little research on this topic, Veugelers and his colleagues note.To investigate，they looked at 4, 589 fifth?graders participating in the Children's Lifestyle and School?performance Study, 875 (19.1 percent) of whom had failed an elementary literacy assessment.
The better a student's eating habits based on several measures of diet quality，including adequacy and variety, the less likely he or she was to have failed the test, the researchers found，even after they adjusted the data for the effects of parental income and education, school and sex.Eating plenty of fruit and vegetables, and getting fewer calories from fat, was also associated with a lower risk of failing the test.
To date, Veugelers and his team say, most research on diet and school performance has focused on the importance of eating breakfast, as well as the ill effects of hunger and malnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)．
“This study extends current knowledge in this area by demonstrating the independent importance of overall diet quality to academic performance.We should not only realize the importance of children's nutrition at breakfast but also that throughout the day，” the researchers conclude.
Another research from the UK is suggesting that children's diets in the pre?school years affects how they perform at school later on.The researchers from the Institute of Education, at the University of London say in fact that what children were eating in those days before primary school has more of an effect than the chicken nuggets(塊) they ate at lunchtime.The researchers say they have found that children who ate a diet of “junk food” at the age of three, made less progress in school between the ages of six and ten.They say children's diet at later ages appears to have less impact on their school attainment.
【小題1】．According to Dr.Paul J．Veugelers, students who have a healthy diet________.

A．a(chǎn)re more likely to fail in their school performance
B．definitely can perform better in their school work
C．usually have more of fat and less of fruit and vegetables
D．tend to perform better in their school work
【小題2】．It can be implied from the passage that________.
A．little research has been done on the importance of breakfast
B．most students participating in the research failed the test
C．the adequacy and variety of foods can mean better school performance
D．eating more chicken nuggets leads to good school performance
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A．the ability to read and write
B．a(chǎn) guessing game
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A．Children should have more“junk food”at lunch time.
B．Pre?school diets can have more impact on children's school work.
C．A child who often has“junk food”at 3 is bound to fail in school work.
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To most of us，school means classes，teachers，schedules，grades，and tests.But for the children at Sudbury Valley School in Massachusetts，school is very different.
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The other way that Sudbury Valley School is different is that the children can decide the rules.Every week，there is a school meeting where both children and staff have one vote each—even the four­year­olds.They decide the school rules，how to spend the school budget，and even which staff they want and do not want any more.
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【小題1】What is the main topic of the article?

A．An unusual school.B．Children's hobbies.
C．A school without rules.D．Education in the US.
【小題2】What does the school believe?
A．Teachers cannot teach children Well.
B．Children learn best when they do what they want to do.
C．Learning is for adults—children should only play.
D．Children should only learn about one thing at a time.
【小題3】What does Daniel Greenberg say about three­year­olds?
A．They love learning.
B．They are very naughty.
C．They want to be outside all the time.
D．They are too young to learn anything.
【小題4】Who has the most power in the school meetings?
A．The older children have more power than the younger children.
B．A child has more power than an adult.
C．The younger children have more power than the older children.
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

While Jennifer was at home taking an online exam for her business law class, a monitor（監(jiān)控器）a few hundred miles away was watching her every move.
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【小題1】Why was Jennifer watched in an online exam?

A．To correct her typing mistakes.
B．To find her secrets in the room.
C．To prevent her from slowing down.
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【小題2】For Internet universities, exams and diplomas will be valid if _____.
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【小題3】Some programs can find out possible cheaters by _____.
A．checking the question answering speed
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【小題4】Which of the following is the best title of this passage?
A．The Advantages of Online Exams
B．The High-tech Methods in Online Courses
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

In summer, millions of people will head for the beach．And while the ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way．Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity．
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The resource is huge．We will never run out of wave power, besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil and coal．
Oceans cover three quarters of the earth’s surface．That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world．There are some drawbacks, however．
Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money．He said that its effects on animals in the sea were still unknown．Besides, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic．
With more research, however, “many of these problems might be overcome,” Taylor said．“Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is growing quickly throughout the world．Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day．”
In the future, when you turn on a light switch, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!
【小題1】We can infer from the passage that ______．

A．finding new energy sources like wave energy is important
B．wave energy is a resource that will never run out and is used all over the world
C．wave power is perfect for creating energy around the world
D．wave power doesn’t create any pollution
【小題2】The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means ______． 
A．regretsB．a(chǎn)dventuresC．disadvantagesD．difficulties
【小題3】What can be the best title for the passage?
A．How to Get Electricity by Waves．
B．A Huge Resource of Energy．
C．Can Waves Make Electricity?
D．The Disadvantages of Wave Energy．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Being organized is an important skill for school and life.When you’re well organized，you can stay focused，instead of spending time hunting things down and getting sidetracked.What does it mean to be organized？For schoolwork，it means having one notebook or place where you store all your assignments，so you know what you have to do and when.Keeping clearly labeled binders or folders for handouts and keeping all your schoolwork neat and in a specific place—these are the main parts of organization.
For home stuff，being organized means having a place to put your things and putting them back as you go.It means hanging your coat up instead of dropping it on the floor or throwing it on a chair.It means keeping your schoolbag，your shoes，and your clean underwear in the same places so you always know where to find them.
Planning is part of being organized，too.Planning means deciding what you will do and when you will do it.Calendars，lists，and schedules can help you plan.You can buy or draw a calendar and keep it near your workplace.Making a schedule or a “to­do” list for yourself is a good idea.Looking at your list helps you keep track of what you need to do.Add new things as you get assignments，and check off things when you’ve done them.Use your list to help you decide which thing is the most important to work on first.
It takes some extra efforts to organize yourself and your stuff.But once you’re organized，you feel great.The less time you spend hunting around for things or panicking about homework，the more time you have for better things，like reading a good book or playing.
【小題1】According to the first paragraph，“being organized” probably means “________”．

A．looking for something with others here and there
B．doing something according to the plan made ahead of time
C．getting together every now and then
D．telling you what you have to do every day
【小題2】If you are well organized at home，you will________.
A．leave all the things as they are
B．hang your coat on a chair
C．know where your clean underwear is
D．a(chǎn)sk your mom where your shoes are
【小題3】Which one of the following is the right order of being organized?
a．Deciding what you have to do and when.
b．Finding a notebook where you can write down your “to­do” list.
c．Getting rid of the things that have been done in the list.
d．Making a “to­do” list for yourself.
A．b，a，d，c B．a(chǎn)，d，c，b
C．c，b，a，d D．d，c，b，a
【小題4】What may be the best title for this passage?
A．Planning Is Part of Being Organized
B．A Good Beginning Is Half Done
C．Being Organized—an Important Skill
D．Where There Is a Will There Is a Way

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