People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy
to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is
competitive.
     Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions. They want to explain
why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but
two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches
are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each
theory. The controversy is often referred to as "nature/nurture".
     Those who support the "nature" side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do
with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory
maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed
by our instincts.
     Proponents of the "nurture" theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our
environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A
behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their
surroundings. The behaviorists' view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like
machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.
     Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior. In fact, it is quite likely that the key to
our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes. That the controversy will continue for a long
time is certain. 
1. Which of the following statements would the supporters of the "nature" theory agree with?
A. A person's instincts have little effect on his actions.
B. Environment is important in determining a person's behavior and personality.
C. Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.
D. The behaviorists' view correctly explains how we act. 
2. Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article.   
A. supports the nature theory
B. supports the nurture theory
C. believes both are completely wrong
D. thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.
3. In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests. With this in
mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.
B. Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior
environment.
C. Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that
Whites enjoy.
D. Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.
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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學(xué)年廣東省惠州市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.
All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小節(jié)的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.
When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.
【小題1】In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is ______________.

A．uselssB．difficultC．quite easyD．important
【小題2】Which of the following is right?
A．different countries hav the same body language.
B．different countries have different body anguages.
C．people in Asia share the same body language.
D．many people only use their body language.
【小題3】If an American friend visits you, he probably _____________.
A．sit straightB．never sits downC．makes fun of youD．sits freely
【小題4】If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it ________________.
A．imopssibleB．too easyC．too difficultD．slow
【小題5】Generally speaking, ____________ kiss more often.
A．menB．womenC．BritishD．Americans

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科目：高中英語 來源：2015屆廣東省惠州市高一上學(xué)期期中考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.

All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小節(jié)的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.

When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other.

1.In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is ______________.

A．uselss            B．difficult           C．quite easy         D．important

2.Which of the following is right?

A．different countries hav the same body language.

B．different countries have different body anguages.

C．people in Asia share the same body language.

D．many people only use their body language.

3.If an American friend visits you, he probably _____________.

A．sit straight         B．never sits down     C．makes fun of you    D．sits freely

4.If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it ________________.

A．imopssible         B．too easy           C．too difficult        D．slow

5.Generally speaking, ____________ kiss more often.

A．men             B．women           C．British            D．Americans

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Different people use different languages. We Chinese speak Chinese, and, most of us are learning a foreign language. But there is another kind of language we need to know --- the language of the body.
All over the world, people “talk with their hand, with their heads and with their eyes.” When Japanese people meet, they bow. When Indians meet, they put their hands together. What do American and British do? Americans are more imformal(不拘小節(jié)的) than the British. They like to be friendly. They use first names, they ask questions and they talk easily about themselves. When they sit down, they like to relax in their chairs and make themselves comfortable. British people are more reserved(保守的). They take more time to make friends. They like to know you before they ask your name.
When British or American people meet someone for the first time, they shake hands. They do not usually shake hands with people they know well. Women sometimes kiss their women friends, and men kiss women friends (on one cheek only). When a man meets a man, he just smiles, and says, “Hello.” Men do not kiss each other, or hold hands. Even fathers and sons do not often kiss each other

  1. 1.

    In the passsage, the writer thinks that body language is______.

    1. A.
      uselss
    2. B.
      difficult
    3. C.
      quite easy
    4. D.
      important
  2. 2.

    Which of the following is right?

    1. A.
      different countries hav the same body language
    2. B.
      different countries have different body anguages
    3. C.
      people in Asia share the same body language
    4. D.
      many people only use their body language
  3. 3.

    If an American friend visits you, he probably______.

    1. A.
      sit straight
    2. B.
      never sits down
    3. C.
      makes fun of you
    4. D.
      sits freely
  4. 4.

    If you want to make a British friend, you may feel it______.

    1. A.
      imopssible
    2. B.
      too easy
    3. C.
      too difficult
    4. D.
      slow
  5. 5.

    Generally speaking, ______kiss more often

    1. A.
      men
    2. B.
      women
    3. C.
      British
    4. D.
      Americans

查看答案和解析>>

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