As ____ journalist, she has always had _____ nose for a good story.

A./ ; a           B.a; the         C./ ; the        D.a ; a

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

Unhappy people glue（使粘牢） themselves to the television 30 percent more than happy people.

The finding, announced on Thursday,   1  from a survey of nearly 30,000 American adults conducted between 1975 and 2006 as part of the General Social Survey.

  2  happy people reported watching an   3   of 19 hours of television per week, unhappy people reported 25 hours a week. The results held even after   4  into account education, income, age and marital status.

In addition, happy individuals were more socially   5  , attended more religious services, voted more and    6  a newspaper more often than their less-chipper（沒有精神的） counterparts.

The researchers are not sure, though, whether unhappiness   7  more television-watching or more viewing leads to unhappiness.

In fact, people say they like watching television: Past research has shown that when people watch television they   8   it. In these studies, participants reported that on a   9  from 0 (dislike) to 10 (greatly enjoy), TV-watching was nearly an 8.

But perhaps the high from watching television doesn't   10  .

"These conflicting data  11  that TV may provide viewers with short-run   12  , but at the expense of long-term malaise(精神欠爽)," said researcher John Robinson, a sociologist at the University of Maryland, College Park.

In this case, even the happiest campers could turn into Debbie-downers if they continue to   13  at the TV. The researchers suggest that over time, television-viewing  14   push out other activities that do have more lasting   15  . Exercise and sex come to mind, as do parties and other forms of socialization known to have psychological benefits.

Or, maybe television is simply a refuge(慰藉物) for people who are already   16  .

"TV is not judgmental 17  difficult, so people with   18  social skills or resources for other activities can engage in it," Robinson and UM colleague Steven Martin write in the December issue of the journal Social Indicators Research.

They add, "  19  , chronic unhappiness can be socially and personally debilitating（使人衰弱的） and can interfere with work and most social and personal activities, but even the unhappiest people can click a remote and be passively   20  by a TV."

The researchers say follow-up studies are needed to tease out the relationship between television and happiness.

(    ) 1. A. comes                     B. arrives              C. differs              D. results

(    ) 2. A. When                      B. As                    C. While               D. Therefore

(    ) 3. A. average            B. amount             C. number            D. effort

(    ) 4. A. speaking           B. talking             C. taking              D. getting

(    ) 5. A. active                      B. positive            C. crazy                D. cozy

(    ) 6. A. look                 B. read                 C. see                   D. take

(    ) 7. A. builds up          B. cuts down         C. leads to            D. tends to

(    ) 8. A. hate                 B. enjoy                      C. adopt                      D. adapt

(    ) 9. A. fashion                    B. group               C. scale                D. rate

(    ) 10. A. last                B. decrease           C. widen               D. disappear

(    ) 11. A. report                    B. suggest             C. improve           D. admit

(    ) 12. A. excitement             B. pleasure            C. suffering          D. sadness

(    ) 13. A. glare                     B. look                 C. stare                 D. fix

(    ) 14. A. should            B. must                C. could                      D. need

(    ) 15. A. comforts         B. laughter          C. pressures          D. benefits

(    ) 16. A. tired                      B. lonely              C. bored                      D. unhappy

(    ) 17. A. and                B. neither             C. nor                  D. but

(    ) 18. A. few                B. little                 C. many                      D. quantity

(    ) 19. A. Therefore              B. Furthermore     C. However          D. Yet

(    ) 20. A. controlled              B. transformed      C. persuaded         D. entertained

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012-2013學年江蘇省鹽城市高三第二次模擬（3月）考試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

American researchers found females are the more talkative sex because of a special “l(fā)anguage protein(蛋白質)” in the brain.

The study, conducted by neuroscientists （神經(jīng)學家）and psychologist from the University of Maryland, concluded that women talked more because they had more of the Foxp2 protein. The research, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, found that higher levels were found among humans that were women but in rats that were males. Their findings came after it was previously claimed that ladies speak about 20,000 words a day – over 13,000 more than men. "This study is one of the first to report a sex difference in the expression of a language-associated protein in humans or animals,” said Prof Margaret McCarthy, who led the study. In their study, the researchers attempted to determine what might make male rats more vocal than their female friends.

They separated four-day-old rats from their mothers and then counted the number of times they cried out in the “ultrasonic range”, the frequencies higher than humans can hear, over five minutes. While both sexes called out hundreds of cries, the males called out twice as often, they found. But when the pups were returned to their mother’s cage, she fussed over her sons first. Tests conducted on the parts of the brain known to be associated with vocalcalls showed the male pups have up to twice as much Foxp2 protein as the females. The researchers then increased the production in the brains of female pups and reduced it in males. This led to the female rats crying out more often and their mothers showing more interest to them. In contrast, males became less “talkative”.

The researchers then tested samples from ten children, aged between three and five, which showed that females had up to 30 per cent more of the Foxp2 protein than males, in a brain area key to language in humans.

“Based on our observations, we assume higher levels of Foxp2 in girls and higher levels of Foxp2 in male rats is an indication that Foxp2 protein levels are associated with the more communicative sex,” said Prof McCarthy.

"Our results imply Foxp2 as a component of the neurobiological basis of sex differences in vocal communication in mammals."

1.From the second paragraph, we can learn that ________.

A．women always speak more words than men

B．men and male rats have low levels of language protein

C．women and male rats have similar levels of Foxp2

D．McCarthy isn’t the first to find females more talkative

2.The underlined phrase “fussed over” in the third paragraph probably means______.

A．paid attention to    B．related to         C．put pressure on     D．counted on

3.The researchers carried out the experiments on rats in order to _______.

A．test which part of the brain is key to language in rats and humans

B．prove the levels of Foxp2 protein in humans and rats are different

C．determine the reason why female rats are more talkative than male rats

D．discover the association between Foxp2protein and vocal communication

4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage ?

A．Tests on humans and rats                 B．Why women are the talkative sex

C．Sex differences in Foxp2 protein            D．Foxp2 protein determines oral ability

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2013屆浙江省協(xié)作體高三摸底測試英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

If your preschoolers turn up their noses at carrots or celery, a small reward like a sticker for taking even a taste may help get them to eat previously disliked foods, a UK study said.

    Though it might seem obvious that a reward could encourage young children to eat their vegetables, the idea is actually controversial, researchers wrote in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. That’s because some studies have shown that rewards can backfire and cause children to lose interest in foods they already liked, said Jane Wardle, a researcher at University College London who worked on the study. Verbal praise, such as “Brilliant! You’re a great vegetable taster,” did not work as well.

    The study found t hat when parents gave their small children a sticker each time they took a “tiny taste” of a disliked vegetable, it gradually changed their attitudes. The children were also willing to eat more of the vegetables-either carrots, celery, cucumber, red pepper, cabbage or sugar snap peas-in laboratory taste tests, the study said.

Researchers randomly assigned（分派）173 families to one of these groups. In one, parents used stickers to reward their children each time they took a tiny sample of a disliked vegetable. A second group of parents used verbal praise. The third group, where parents used no special vegetable-promoting methods, served as a “control”.

Parents in the reward groups offered their children a taste of the “target” vegetable every day of 12 days, Soon after, children in the sticker group were giving higher ratings to the vegetables-and were willing to eat more in the research lab, going from an average of 5 grams at the start to about 10 grams after the 12-day experience. The turnaround also seemed to last, with preschoolers in the sticker group still willing to eat more of the once disliked vegetable three months later.

Why didn’t the verbal praise work? Wardle said the parents’ words may have seemed “insincere” to their children.

1.The purpose of writing the passage is        .

A．to introduce a practical method of making children eat vegetables

B．to show the procedure of an experiment on children’s diet

C．to explain why children hate to eat vegetables

D．to present a proper way of vernal praise to parents

2.The underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably means “            ”.

A．shoot from behind the back              

B．make a lire in the hackyard

C．produce an unexpected result            

D．a(chǎn)chieve what was planned

3.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?

A．Most children are born to dislike carrots or celery.

B．It remains a question whether rewarding is a good way to get children to eat vegetables.

C．Oral praise wokrs quite well in encouraging children to eat vegetables.

D．Children in the sticker group will never lose interest in eating vegetables.

4.How did the researchers get their conclusion from the experiment?

A．By comparison.                           B．By asking questions.

C．By giving examples,  D．By discussion.

5.What can we learn from the last paragraph?

A．Children like rewards, not verbal praise.

B．Parents should praise their children in a sincere tone.

C．Children are difficult to inspire.

D．Parents should give up verbal praise.

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2011-2012學年甘肅天水一中甘谷一中高三第八次聯(lián)考檢測英語試卷（解析版） 題型：閱讀理解

Scientists at Harvard University and Bates College find female chimpanzees (黑猩猩) appear to treat sticks as dolls, carrying them around until they have children of their own. Young males engage in such behavior much less frequently.

The new work by Sonya M. Kahlenberg and Richard W. Wrangham, described this week in the journal Current Biology, provides the first evidence of a wild non­human species playing with dolls, as well as the first known sex difference in a wild animal’s choice of playthings.

The two researchers say their work adds to a growing body of evidence that human children are probably born with their own ideas of how they want to behave, rather than simply mirroring other girls who play with dolls and boys who play with trucks. Doll play among humans could have its origins in object—carrying by earlier apes (猿類), they say, suggesting that toy selection is probably not due entirely to socialization.

“In humans, there are obvious sex differences in children’s toy play, and these are remarkably similar across cultures,” says Kahlenberg. “While socialization by elders and peers has been the primary explanation, our work suggests that biology may also have an important role to play in activity preferences.”

In 14 years of data on chimpanzee behavior at the Kibale National Park in Uganda, Kahlenberg and Wrangham counted more than 100 examples of stick­carrying. Some young chimpanzees carried sticks into the nest to sleep with them and on one occasion built a separate nest for the stick. “We have seen juveniles occasionally carrying sticks for many years, and because they sometimes treated them rather like dolls, we wanted to know if in general this behavior tended to represent something like playing with dolls,” says Wrangham, a Professor at Harvard. “If the doll hypothesis (假設) was right, we thought that females should carry sticks more than males do, and that the chimpanzees should stop carrying sticks when they had their first child. We have now watched enough young chimpanzees to prove both points.”

1.What does a female chimpanzee do with sticks?

A．She gives them to her child to play with.

B．She treats them as dolls.

C．She makes useful tools from them.

D．She treats them as weapons.

2. What causes the different toy selection of chimpanzees, according to the passage?

A．Sex difference.

B．Socialization.

C．Environment.

D．Cultural difference.

3.We can infer from the fourth paragraph that ________.

A．socialization has nothing to do with human’s choice of playthings

B．sex difference is the only factor in human’s choice of playthings

C．the biology factor may also influence toy choice

D．people choose different toys in different cultures

4.It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

A．both humans and chimpanzees choose their playthings due to sex difference

B．different factors cause humans and chimpanzees to choose different playthings

C．only female chimpanzees have playthings

D．chimpanzees usually choose playthings for their children

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：天津市2010屆高三下學期第二次模擬考試試卷（英語） 題型：閱讀理解

Celebrity endorsements

Despite the fact that companies believe celebrities had a lot of pull with regard to the buying trends of consumers,researches have discovered that this does not seem to be the case．British and Swiss researchers conducted a study showing that advertisements made by celebrities like David Beckham and Scarlett Johansson are not as effective as those by ordinary people．

In a sample of 298 students,researchers presented a magazine advertisement for a digital camera that was endorsed by a fictional student claiming the camera was“hot”and his “preferred choice”．The same advertisement was shown to other students，but with a difference：The camera was endorsed by a famous person in Germany．

While the students said that both advertisements were beneficial,the one made by the student topped the celebrity one if students aimed to impress others with their purchases.More than half of the students，who admitted purchasing products that would impress others，said they were influenced by the student’s advertisement．Only 20％ said the celebrity one would affect their buying decision．

Professor Brett Martin，of the University of Bath’s School of Management，explained that the findings could be used not only in Germany,but in other countries as well．“Our research questions whether celebrities are the best ways to sell products，”said Prof Martin．“Celebrities can be effective but we found that many people were more convinced by an endorsement from a fictional fellow students．This is because many people feel a need to keep up with the Jones when they buy．”

46．Some companies think the celebrities endorsement ____________．

A．is popular with the consumers

B．can pull all the consumers into the shops

C．can affect the consumers’ purchasing

D．is as effective as an endorsement from common people

47．Which of the following ads would be more effective to common consumers, according to the experiment?

A．An ad featuring lovely pandas．            B．An ad made by David Beckham．

C．An ad made by fictional common people．D．An ad with beautiful natural scenery．

48．The underlined words“the Jones”in the last paragragh refer to“____________ ”．

A．someone called Jones                                 B．common people

C．the Jones family                                        D．celebrities

49．We can imply from the passage that ____________．

A．celebrities cheat consumers in advertisement

B．the researchers here are against celebrity endorsement

C．the student’s ads are mole reliable than those made by celebrities

D．company needn’t spend so much money on celebrity endorsement

50．We can probably read the article in____________ ．

A．a(chǎn) local newspaper                         B．a(chǎn) science report

C．a(chǎn)n academic journal                     D．a(chǎn) textbook

 

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