Babies born in summer are more likely to become short-sighted in late life, a study has shown.
As many as a quarter of all cases of short-sightedness are caused by too great an exposure to sunlight in the first weeks of life, say eye experts.
They are advising all parents to put sunglasses on their babies during the first weeks.
Scientists had already established that over-exposure to sunlight caused shortsightedness in animals.
Researchers who compared the months in which babies were born with whether they needed glasses later on say the principle also applies to humans.
A study of almost 300,000 young adults-the largest of its kind-showed that those born in June and July had a 25 per cent greater chance of becoming severely short-sighted than those born in December or January.
Research leader Professor Michael Belkin, of Tel Aviv University, said it was because prolonged illumination(光照) causes the eyeball to lengthen-causing short-sightedness.
Hence the more light a newborn is exposed to, the more the eyeball lengthens and the worse the short-sightedness will be.
The mechanism which lengthens the eyeball is associated with levels of melatonin(褪黑激素), a pigment (色素) which protects the skin against harmful rays of the sun.
In young babies not enough melatonin is released as protection, meaning they are more vulnerable to sunburn and changes to eyeball shape.
Sight expert Professor Daniel O’Leary, of Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, said “At the moment we don’t know the precise cause of why light exposure affects sight, but the evidence seems to prove that it is one of the reasons for people becoming shortsighted.”
67. Babies born in summer are more likely to be shortsighted ____________.
A. because the summer sun is too strong for babies
B. because babies born in summer have lengthened eyeballs
C. if they are exposed to much sunlight in the first weeks after they are born
D. if parents don’t know a proper way to protect their babies’ eyes
68. Melatonin is a kind of material to ___________.
A. prevent the eyes from becoming near-sighted
B. protect the skin from harmful sun rays
C. make our body strong
D. protect babies’ eyes from summer sun
69.From what Professor Daniel O’Leary says we can conclude that ___________.
A. there is no evidence that shortsightedness is related to exposure to sunlight
B. whether light exposure affects sight still needs to be further proved
C. he believes that light exposure can cause shortsightedness
D. he tries to give the cause of why light exposure affects sight
70.The underlined word “vulnerable” in the passage probably means __________.
A. easy to be harmed                         B. resistant
C. protective                               D. changeable


【小題1】C
【小題2】B
【小題3】C
【小題4】A

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If the world were a village of 1,000 people, it would include:

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    ★ 124 Africans

    ★ 95 Eastern and Western Europeans

    ★ 84 Latin America

    ★ 55 former Soviets (including Lithuanians, Latvians, Estonians, and other national groups)

    ★ 52 North Americans

   ★ 6 Australians and New Zealand

  The people of the village would speak:

   ★ 165 Mandarin

   ★ 86 English

   ★ 83 Hindu/Urdu

   ★ 64 Spanish

   ★ 58 Russian

   ★ 37 Arabic

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   This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, 3 of them for lack of food, 1 from cancer. Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year. With the 28 births and 10 deaths, the population of the village next year will be 1018.

   In this village of 1,000 persons,200 people receive 75 percent of the income: another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.

   About one third have access to clean, safe drinking water.

   Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write.

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   ★ 132,000 to health care

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Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text?

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   B. About 25 percent of the people speak Mandarin in the village.

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1.Which of the following is true?

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B. Many government employees have been dismissed from their posts.

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D. It doesn’t matter if they give birth to their second child on the mainland.

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A. They want to gain right of abode there for their babies.

B. They want to escape being punished for breaking the family planning policy.

C. They want their babies to enjoy the good medical services in Hong Kong.

D. They want to cause calls for an amendment to Hong Kong's Basic Law.

 

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