The poorer mental function seen among alcoholics，many of whom also regularly smoke cigarettes，may be partly due to the long term effects of nicotine(尼古丁)，new research suggests.
“People who are also smokers are at a much higher risk，” Dr.Jennifer  M.Glass of the University of Michigan's Addiction Research Center said. In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，” she said.
This finding may seem counterintuitive(違反直覺的)，since many smokers show that they feel quicker and focused after smoking. Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure. Chronic(慢性的)smoking，however，is known to have the opposite effect. Studies show that up to 87 percent of alcoholics smoke cigarettes.
Yet，few studies have looked into cigarette smoking as a factor that might explain the cognitive(認(rèn)知的)lack reported among alcoholics. To search for that association，Glass and her colleagues examined brain function among 172 men from the same area，including 103 men who abused alcohol. The team found that men with higher scores on the lifetime alcohol problems scale(LAPS)and those who reported a higher number of pack years of smoking both had lower IQ scores.
Upon further research，the researchers found that smoking also appeared to be independently associated  with weaker word and space reasoning.
Thus，though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.
小題1:What is the passage mainly about?
A．Cigarette smoking contributes to decreased IQ and thinking.
B．Alcohol abuse is to blame for the poorer mental function.
C．Most of the alcoholics are also heavy smokers.
D．Non-smokers mostly have higher IQ scores.
小題2:The underline sentence “Chronic smoking, however, is known to have opposite effect” in paragraph 3  suggests:
A．Chronic smoking can improve mental functioning.
B．Chronic smoking has an immediate influence on mental functioning.
C．Chronic smoking has side effect on mental functioning improvement.
D．Chronic smokers feel quicker and focused after smoking.
小題3:From the passage we can learn that .
A．cigarette smoking is not related to reasoning
B．nicotine exposure can improve mental functioning temporarily
C．the long term effects of nicotine cause alcoholics
D．men with lower scores on the LAPS have lower IQ scores
小題4:It can be inferred from the passage that .
A．many alcoholics suffer a great deal from smoking
B．giving up smoking is significantly challenging for the alcoholics
C．a(chǎn)lcoholics who do not smoke much have higher IQ scores
D．other factors can cause the poorer mental functioning besides smoking
小題5:The purpose of this passage is .
A．to warn us of the bad effects of smoking on IQ and thinking
B．to tell us why people are addicted to smoking
C．to give us some advice on how to improve IQ and reasoning
D．to compare the bad effects of alcohol and cigarette

小題1:A
小題2:C
小題3:B
小題4:D
小題5:A

試題分析：根據(jù)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)尼古丁對人體神經(jīng)的長期影響在某種程度上是嗜酒成癮者智力下降的主要原因，因為他們中很多人同時也是老煙民。盡管抽煙并不是導(dǎo)致嗜酒成癮者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)識別功能降低的全部原因，但確實有一定的影響。提醒人們抽煙對智商和思維能力有消極的影響。
小題1:這是主旨大意題。根據(jù)In her study，“Cigarette smoking has a bad effect on IQ and thinking，抽煙對智商和思維能力有消極的影響，故選A。
小題2:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。因為很多人都覺得在抽完煙后反應(yīng)會更敏捷，注意力更集中。研究結(jié)果顯示，抽煙后確實會有短暫的意識功能增強，但這只是尼古丁釋放的短暫效果之一。然而，長期抽煙會產(chǎn)生相反的效果。故選C。
小題3:這是細(xì)節(jié)理解題。Indeed，research shows that improved mental functioning is one of the immediate effects of nicotine exposure研究結(jié)果顯示，抽煙后確實會有短暫的意識功能增強故選B。
小題4:這是推理判斷題。根據(jù)though smoking did not account for all of the decreased mental functioning observed among the alcohol abusers，it did seem to account for some of the effects，the report indicates.研究報告認(rèn)為，盡管抽煙并不是導(dǎo)致嗜酒成癮者神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)識別功能降低的全部原因，但確實有一定的影響。故選D。
小題5:這是寫作意圖題。抽煙對智商和思維能力有消極的影響。故選A。
點評：推理判斷就是根據(jù)作者的意圖和傾向來完成相關(guān)的問題。 根據(jù)你對文章的理解，來判斷各個選項的正誤。最重要的就是讀懂句子的意思，找出文章的中心，這種閱讀是深層閱讀，但是你最重要的就是找出文章的中心意思，抓住主要句子和相關(guān)句子的意思就可以解決了，要注意題目中的一些關(guān)鍵詞和文章中的句子的對比，尤其是一些轉(zhuǎn)折詞、連詞等等。
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Improve your posture
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Sing in the shower
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B．ways to talk with other people
C．ways to keep our voice youthful
D．prevention of diseases caused by talking too much
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B．Professional singers’ voices tend to age quickly.
C．The steam can do great harm to the voice.
D．Taking more onions can keep us healthy.
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B．It’s hard to keep the vocal cords strong through exercise.
C．Singing in the shower is among the best ways to keep our voice youthful.
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D．The height of the weight you carry.
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閱讀下面短文并回答問題，然后將答案寫到答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上（請注意問題后的詞數(shù)要求）。
［1］Our vocation holiday is coming. What’s your plan? Staying at home or going for an outing. My plan is going out of town with my family, for we need recreation! Recreation is the spending of time in pleasurable activities. Engaging ourselves in activities that invite happiness and peace of mind is nothing but recreation. In the fast life of today, recreation is an opportunity to take a break, the much – needed break form work.
2Recreation can be   rest, entertainment or adventure. There are two types of recreation. Active recreation is about engaging in adventure sports or outdoor games while passive recreation involves activities such as taking a walk on the riverside, walking on the beach, wandering in parks or taking nature walks. Both kinds of recreation have their own advantages.
With the increasing pace of life, recreation is getting more and more important. Participate in some regular physical activity, play a sport or exercise. These recreational activities have great mental effects on people. Students have made the fact evident that participation in adventure activities has a positive affect on life. Adventure motivates you, strengthens your confidence and develops self-awareness, such as hiking, cycling, fishing and outdoor games. These activities make you feel fresh and relaxed. Sports make you feel challenged, encourage you to take risks, exhibit your skills, thus building self-confidence.
Activities of recreation result in the improvement for your interpersonal skills. Recreation gives you an opportunity to meet new people and develop new friendships, It is largely believed that participating in recreational activities helps strengthen family relationships.
Recreational activities are popular across the globe. Some enjoy touring to beautiful places around the world while others take interest in pursuing their hobbies as a means of recreation. Be it of any sort, recreation needs to be made an important part of the fast life the present times!
小題1:          How many kinds of recreation are there in the text? What are they?(no more than 6 words)
小題2:          What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)
小題3:          Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.
小題4:          What effects do activities of recreation have?(no more than 9 words)
小題5:          Why do you become confident in yourself while having sports?(no more than 20 words)

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“Two full inches in the first three days！”
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Often such products are nothing more than money­making things for their promoters. The results they produce are questionable，and some are dangerous to health.
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One notable case a few years ago involved an electrical device called the Relaxacisor，which had been sold for reducing the waistline. The Relaxacisor produced electrical shocks to the body through contact pads. FDA took legal action against the distributor to stop the sale of the device on the grounds that it was dangerous to health and life.
Obviously，most of the devices on the market have never been the subject of court proceedings(法律訴訟)，and new devices appear continually. Before buying，it is up to the consumer to judge the safety or effectiveness of such items.
小題1:It can be inferred that the ads mentioned in the text are________.
A．objectiveB．costlyC．unreliableD．illegal
小題2:FDA can ask for the proof of safety and effectiveness of a product ________.
A．if it is a drug
B．if it is a device
C．if its consumers make complaints
D．if its distributors challenge FDA's authority
小題3:The Relaxacisor is mentioned as________.
A．a(chǎn) product which was designed to produce electricity
B．a(chǎn) product whose distributor was involved in a legal case
C．a(chǎn) successful advertisement of a beauty product
D．a(chǎn)n example of a quality beauty product
小題4:The author intends to________.
A．make consumers aware of the promoters' false promises
B．show the weakness of the law on product safety
C．give advice on how to keep young and beautiful
D．introduce the organization of FDA

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