15．To extinguish （熄滅） different kinds of fires，several types of fire extinguishers have been invented．They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out．Most portable （手提式的） kinds operate for less than a minute，so they are useful only on small fires．The law requires ships，trains，buses and planes to carry extinguishers．
Since fuel，oxygen and heat must be present in order for fire to exist，one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire．If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature，the fire goes out．The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire．Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get．
Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen．This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things．A blanket may be used to cover a small fire．
A third method is called separation，which includes removing the fuel，or material easy to burn，from a fire，so that it can find no fuel．
The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire．Fires have been grouped in three classes．Fires in wood，paper，cloth and the like are called Class A fires．These materials usually help keep the fire on．Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water．

8．If a fire breaks out on a bus，which of the follow should be ready there for you to use？D
A．Sand   
B．Water     
C．A blanket．
D．An extinguisher．
9．To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin（盆） in order to stop the fire is an example ofA
A．cutting off the oxygen           
B．reducing the heat
C．removing the fuel               
D．separating the fire
10．In choosing how to put out a fire，we should first be clear aboutB．
A．when it breaks out              
B．what kind it is
C．how it comes about             
D．where it takes place
11．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows？B
A．Another type of extinguishers         
B．Another class of fires
C．How fires break out．
D．How fires can be prevented．

分析 文章分析了不同的滅火器原理和方法．

解答 DABB
8．D  推理題．根據(jù)第一段最后一句"The law requires ships，trains buses and planes to carry extinguishers"說明在公共汽車上有滅火器，公共汽車上著火應(yīng)該用滅火器．故選D．
9．A   細(xì)節(jié)推斷題．根據(jù)第三段"Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting the oxygen．This is usually done by covering the fire with sand，steam or some other things"用臉盆蓋上燒著的木頭顯然是截斷氧氣的方法．故選A．
10．B   細(xì)節(jié)推斷題．根據(jù)"The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire．"可知要想判斷用什么方法，首先要弄清著火的類型，所以選B．
11．B   推理題．最后一段描述了"Fires have been grouped in three classes．"然后講述了第一種，所以后面很可能描述另外兩種．所以選B．

點評 考察學(xué)生的細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷能力，做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時一定要找到文章中的原句，和題干進(jìn)行比較，再做出正確的選擇．在做推理判斷題不要以個人的主觀想象代替文章的事實，要根據(jù)文章事實進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的推理判斷．

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