Question

【題目】【改編】Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley. “The world has never been a better place to live in, and it will keep on getting better both for humans and for nature.”

Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good. And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book, The Rational Optimist . He views mankind as grand enterprise that, on the whole, has done little but progress for 100,000 years. He backs his findings with hard facts gathered through years of research.

Here’s how he explains his views.

1）Shopping fuels invention

It is reported that there are more than ten billion different products for sale in London alone. Even allowing for the many people who still live in poverty, our own generation has access to more nutritious food, more convenient transport, bigger houses, better cars, and, of course, more pounds and dollars than any who lived before us. This will continue as long as we use these things to make other things. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.

2) Brilliant advances

One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper. Take one example. In 1800 a candle providing one hour’s light cost six hours’ work. In the 1880s the same light from an oil lamp took 15 minutes’ work to pay for. In 1950 it was eight seconds. Today it’s half second.

3) Let’s not kill ourselves for climate change

Mitigating(減輕) climate change could prove just as damaging to human welfare as climate change itself. A child that dies from indoor smoke in a village, where the use of fossil-fuel(化石燃料) electricity is forbidden by well- meaning members of green political movements trying to save the world, is just as great a tragedy as a child that dies in a flood caused by climate change. If climate change proves to be mild, but cutting carbon causes real pain, we may well find that we have stopped a nose-bleed by putting a tourniquet(止血帶) around our necks.

【1】What does “blue” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Anxious. B. Depressed.

C. Curious. D. Positive.

【2】What is Ridley’s recent book about?

A. Facts about human progress.

B. Opinions about climate change.

C. Importance of reducing pollution.

D. Protection of environment.

【3】Which is the writer’s opinion?

A. The earth will no long fit to live on if we don’t take action to protect the earth.

B. The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.

C. The price of everything is growing higher and higher.

D. People mustn’t use fossil-fuel for environmental protection.

【4】According to the writer , One reason why humans live longer is that_____.

A. people can be treated immediately

B. people pay more attention to health

C. people can eat better food without spending much money

D. climate becomes much warmer

【5】The author develops the passage mainly by_____.

A. Topic- Explanation

B. Explanation ---Conclusion

C. Argument --- Topic ---Conclusion

D. Conclusion - Topic

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】A

【3】B

【4】C

【5】A

【解析】

試題分析:當(dāng)你感到抑郁，心情不暢的時(shí)候，作家Matt Ridley鼓勵(lì)你要“Cheer up”。他認(rèn)為世界是一個(gè)前所未有的美好的居住地，而且它將更加適宜人類(lèi)和生物的居住。在本文中他稱(chēng)自己是積極的樂(lè)觀(guān)主義者，而且向讀者闡述了自己的幾種看法。

【1】B詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)首段Feeling blue about the world? “Cheer up,” says science writer Matt Ridley.可知blue指情緒低落的，選B。

【2】A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句Ridley calls himself a rational optimist—rational, because he’s carefully weighed the evidence; optimistic, because that evidence shows human progress to be both unavoidable and good．And this is what he’s set out to prove from a unique point of view in his most recent book．可知Ridley自稱(chēng)是一個(gè)理性的樂(lè)觀(guān)主義者，他在近期的書(shū)中搜集了一些證據(jù)向人們證明人們應(yīng)該樂(lè)觀(guān)，故選A。

【3】B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Shopping fuels invention 部分The more we specialize and exchange, the better off we’ll be.判斷選B。

【4】C推理判斷題。根據(jù)Brilliant advances部分One reason we are richer, healthier, taller, cleverer, longer-lived and freer than ever before is that the four most basic human needs—food, clothing, fuel and shelter—have grown a lot cheaper.可知人們花更少的錢(qián)可以得到更好的物品食品，故選C。

【5】A推理判斷題。本文開(kāi)頭提出自己是一個(gè)理性的樂(lè)觀(guān)主義者，并且這些觀(guān)點(diǎn)在近期的書(shū)中以全新的視角向人們進(jìn)行了證明，然后從三方面進(jìn)行了介紹，由此判斷文章是總分的結(jié)構(gòu)，選A。