E
If U．S．software companies don't pay more attention to quality, they could kiss their business good-bye．Both India and Brazil are developing a world-class software industry．Their weapon is quality and one of their jobs is to attract the top U．S．quality specialists whose voices are not listened to in their country．
Already, of the world's 12 software houses that have earned the highest rating in the world, seven are in India．That's largely because they have used new methods rejected by American software specialists．For example, for decades, quality specialists, W．Edwards Deming and J．M．Juran had urged U．S．software companies to change their attitudes to quality．But their quality call mainly fell on deaf ears in the U．S -- but not in Japan．By the 1970s and 1980s, Japan was grabbing market share with better, cheaper products．They used Deming's and Juran's ideas to bring down the cost of good quality to as little as 5% of total production costs．In U．S．factories, the cost of quality then was 10 times as high: 50%．In software, it still is．
Watts S．Humphrey spent 27 years at IBM heading up software production and then quality assurance．But his advice was seldom paid attention to．He retired from IBM in 1986．In 1987, he worked out a system for assessing(evaluating) and improving software quality．It has proved its value time and again．For example, in 1990 the cost of quality at Raytheon Electronics Systems was almost 60% of total software production costs．It fell to 15% in 1996 and has since further dropped to below 10%．
Like Deming and Juran, Humphrey seems to be winning more praises overseas than at home．The Indian government and several companies have just founded the Watts Humphrey Software Quality Institute at the Software Technology Park in Chennai, India．Let's hope that U．S．lead in software will not be eaten up by its quality problems．
72．What country has more highest-rating companies in the world than any other country has?
A．India．                 B．The US．            C．Brazil．                 D．Germany．
73．Which of the following statements about Humphrey is true?
A．He is now still an IBM employer．B．He has worked for IBM for 37 years．   
C．India honors him highly．
D．The US pays much attention to his quality advice．
74．By what means did Japan grab its large market share by the 1970s and the 1980s?    
A．Its advertising was most successful．
B．Its products were cheaper in price and better in quality．
C．The US hardware industry was lagging behind
D．Japan hired a lot of Indian software specialists．
75． What is the writer worrying about?
A．Many US software specialists are working for Japan．
B．The quality problem has become a worldwide problem．   
C．India and Japan are joining hands to compete with the US．
D．The US will no longer be the first software player in the world


72---75   A C B D

解析

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科目：高中英語 來源：英語教研室 題型：050

閱讀理解

The Pentagon

五角大樓

    美國號稱世界頭號軍事大國，其武力干涉幾乎滲透到全球，有人開玩笑說：“只要五角大樓打個噴嚏，整個地球都會震動。”五角大樓是什么? 讓我們揭開它神秘的面紗，好好地認(rèn)識一下這座建筑的運作職能吧。

    The Pentagon，or the headquarters of the US Department of Defense，is one of the largest office buildings in the world，taking up a total land of 583 acres．The five-sided structure itself occupies an area of 29 acres．Each of its five outside wails is 921 feet long．It has three times the floor space as the Empire State Building or half again as much space as either of the New York's World Trade Center towers．

    Working inside this huge building are over 25 000 employees，one half of them being civilians and the other half members of the U．S． armed forces．During the last year of the Second World War there were 37 000 people，both military and civilian，working inside the Pentagon．In the Korean and Vietnam War periods，31 000．The employees are scattered among hundreds of offices that occupy a floor space of 3705793 square feet．

While inside the building they tell time by 4 200 clocks，drink from 685 water fountains，utilize 280 rest rooms，consume 30 000 cups of coffee，6 000 tins of milk and 5 000 bottles of soft drinks of various kinds every day，with a total staff of 600 persons preparing and serving food and drinks to the Pentagon employees，daily．

    Notes

    Pentagon n．五邊形；五角大樓　　  civilian n．平民

    military n．軍人　　　　　　　　  scatter v．分散

    utilize v．利用；應(yīng)用　　　　　　 consume v期待的

complacent  adj. 自滿的　　　　　　　 idly  adv. 無效地；懶洋洋地

stout  n. 烈性黑啤酒　　　　　　　　  gratuity  n.　小費

egalitarian   n.�。� adj. 平等；平均主義（的）

Which statement is true?

A. The British bar staffs dislike people who make up their minds immediately.

B. They like people who can wait in line.

C. They hope people who want to have another drink ring the bell hanging behind the counter.

D. If you offer them a drink to express your tips, they will feel happy.

 

Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"'>．消耗

    Comprehension question

The building is called “the Pentagon ”because________．

A．it is the largest building in the world

B．it lies in the U．S．A．

C．it has five sides

  D．it is a secret place

 

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：051

閱讀理解

The Pentagon

五角大樓

    美國號稱世界頭號軍事大國，其武力干涉幾乎滲透到全球，有人開玩笑說：“只要五角大樓打個噴嚏，整個地球都會震動。”五角大樓是什么? 讓我們揭開它神秘的面紗，好好地認(rèn)識一下這座建筑的運作職能吧。

    The Pentagon，or the headquarters of the US Department of Defense，is one of the largest office buildings in the world，taking up a total land of 583 acres．The five-sided structure itself occupies an area of 29 acres．Each of its five outside wails is 921 feet long．It has three times the floor space as the Empire State Building or half again as much space as either of the New York's World Trade Center towers．

    Working inside this huge building are over 25 000 employees，one half of them being civilians and the other half members of the U．S． armed forces．During the last year of the Second World War there were 37 000 people，both military and civilian，working inside the Pentagon．In the Korean and Vietnam War periods，31 000．The employees are scattered among hundreds of offices that occupy a floor space of 3705793 square feet．

While inside the building they tell time by 4 200 clocks，drink from 685 water fountains，utilize 280 rest rooms，consume 30 000 cups of coffee，6 000 tins of milk and 5 000 bottles of soft drinks of various kinds every day，with a total staff of 600 persons preparing and serving food and drinks to the Pentagon employees，daily．

    Notes

    Pentagon n．五邊形；五角大樓　　  civilian n．平民

    military n．軍人　　　　　　　　  scatter v．分散

    utilize v．利用；應(yīng)用　　　　　　 consume v．消耗

    Comprehension question

The building is called “the Pentagon ”because________．

A．it is the largest building in the world

B．it lies in the U．S．A．

C．it has five sides

  D．it is a secret place

 

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科目：高中英語 來源：2012屆陜西省寶雞中學(xué)高三適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷（帶解析） 題型：閱讀理解

Vending machines （投幣式自動售貨機） are found in 16% of U．S．elementary schools, 52% of middle schools and 88% of high schools．About 22% of students in grades 1 through 12 buy food in vending machines each day—and those purchases added an average of 253 calories to their diets, according to a new study in the September issue of the Journal of School Health．
Just to be clear, those were not 253 calories' worth of tofu, yogurt or carrot．The most popular vending machine items included soft drinks, candy, chips, crackers, cookies, cakes and ice cream．On the plus side （好的方面）, kids also bought low-fat milk, fruit juice and even fruit, the study found．
But the eventual effect on kids' diets was not good．Those who bought from vending machines ate an average of 156 grams of sugar per day, compared with 146 grams for those who abstained （節(jié)制）．They also consumed less fiber, iron and vitamin B．
One silver lining: Vending machine customers ate 4% less sodium （鈉） than other students--an average of 3,287 milligrams per day compared with 3,436 mg for those who didn't buy from vending machines．That's probably because the extra snacks made kids too full to eat as much at mealtimes, when dishes are especially Salty．In any event, kids should eat no more than 1,200 to 1,500 mg of sodium each day, according to the Mayo Clinic．Even for adults, the government recommends a daily limit of 2,300 mg．
Overall, vending machines in school appear to be a threat to children's health．The researchers calculated that all that snacking adds up to about14 extra pounds per child per school year．For some students this might be a serious contributor to weight issues．The study was based on data collected from 2,309 children nationwide for the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, which was
conducted by the U．S．Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service．
【小題1】The students using vending machines take in less of all the following EXCEPT ．

A．sugar B．fiber C．vitamin D．iron
【小題2】The underlined words “One silver lining” mean “      ”．
A．a(chǎn) discouraging condition at present
B．a(chǎn) bright side of a difficult situation
C．a(chǎn)n urgent warning from health experts
D．a(chǎn)n increasing concern from the public
【小題3】Why do kids buying food from vending machines take less salt probably?
A．They prefer less salty food．
B．They have formed healthy eating habits．
C．They eat less food at mealtimes．
D．They take less junk food as snacks．
【小題4】What's the purpose of the text?
A．To teach children a balanced diet．
B．To introduce the finding of a new study．
C．To remind parents of children's health．
D．To tell the history of vending machines．

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Vending machines （投幣式自動售貨機） are found in 16% of U．S．elementary schools, 52% of middle schools and 88% of high schools．About 22% of students in grades 1 through 12 buy food in vending machines each day—and those purchases added an average of 253 calories to their diets, according to a new study in the September issue of the Journal of School Health．

Just to be clear, those were not 253 calories' worth of tofu, yogurt or carrot．The most popular vending machine items included soft drinks, candy, chips, crackers, cookies, cakes and ice cream．On the plus side （好的方面）, kids also bought low-fat milk, fruit juice and even fruit, the study found．

But the eventual effect on kids' diets was not good．Those who bought from vending machines ate an average of 156 grams of sugar per day, compared with 146 grams for those who abstained （節(jié)制）．They also consumed less fiber, iron and vitamin B．

One silver lining: Vending machine customers ate 4% less sodium （鈉） than other students--an average of 3,287 milligrams per day compared with 3,436 mg for those who didn't buy from vending machines．That's probably because the extra snacks made kids too full to eat as much at mealtimes, when dishes are especially Salty．In any event, kids should eat no more than 1,200 to 1,500 mg of sodium each day, according to the Mayo Clinic．Even for adults, the government recommends a daily limit of 2,300 mg．

Overall, vending machines in school appear to be a threat to children's health．The researchers calculated that all that snacking adds up to about14 extra pounds per child per school year．For some students this might be a serious contributor to weight issues．The study was based on data collected from 2,309 children nationwide for the third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study, which was

conducted by the U．S．Department of Agriculture's Food and Nutrition Service．

1.The students using vending machines take in less of all the following EXCEPT ．

A．sugar                B．fiber            C．vitamin          D．iron

2.The underlined words “One silver lining” mean “       ”．

A．a(chǎn) discouraging condition at present

B．a(chǎn) bright side of a difficult situation

C．a(chǎn)n urgent warning from health experts

D．a(chǎn)n increasing concern from the public

3.Why do kids buying food from vending machines take less salt probably?

A．They prefer less salty food．

B．They have formed healthy eating habits．

C．They eat less food at mealtimes．

D．They take less junk food as snacks．

4.What's the purpose of the text?

A．To teach children a balanced diet．

B．To introduce the finding of a new study．

C．To remind parents of children's health．

D．To tell the history of vending machines．

 

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