You may have heard the term "the American Dream". In 1848, James W. Marshall found gold in California and people began having golden dreams. That 19th century "American Dream" motivated (激發(fā)起) the Gold Rush and gave California its nickname of the "Golden State".
The American Dream drove not only 1800s gold-rush prospectors but also waves of immigrants throughout that century and the next. People from Europe, and a large number of Chinese, arrived in the US in the 19th century hoping that in America they would find gold in the streets. But most, instead, worked as railroad labourers. They created the oldest Chinatown, in San Francisco, and gave the city a Chinese name "the old gold hill".
In the 20th century, some critics said that it was no longer possible to become prosperous through determination and hard work. Unfair education for students from poor families and racial discrimination almost made the American Dream a nightmare.
Then, in the 1990s, California saw a new wave of dreamers in Silicon Valley. People poured their energy into the Internet. This new chapter of the American Dream attracted many business people and young talents from China and India to form start-ups and seek fortunes in America.
Better pay, a nice house, and a rising standard of living will always be attractive. However, the new American Dream is no longer just about money. It encourages Americans to consume wisely to protect the environment, improve the quality of life, and promote social justice.
The Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, has become the model of the new American Dream. After years of hard work, he grew from a poor young man from Austria into a movie superstar and then governor. Many people hope his story can save the American Dream and give California a brighter future.  
小題1: It can be inferred that _____.
A．America’s golden dream could never be realized
B．America’s golden dream had bought great fortunes to Chinese immigrants
C．each period of time has its own taste of the American dream
D．determination and hard work are the best way to realize the American dream
小題2:Why did most of the early immigrants work as railroad laborers?
A．Because they could earn more money as railroad laborers.
B．Because they had to make a living by working as railroad laborers.
C．Because they thought railroad was the first step to find gold.
D．Because railroad laborers were greatly honored at that time.
小題3:The underlined sentence “his story can save the American Dream” (in the last paragraph) indicates that _____.
A．the dream of seeking fortunate in America is easy to realize
B．most of the immigrants to America don’t reach their previous goal
C．the success of Arnold Schwarzenegger is among the common examples of the immigrants
D．the immigrants have made great contributions to California
小題4:What’s the best title of the passage?
A．Wave of Immigrants to America B．Make Fortunes Abroad
C．Hard Work Leads to SuccessD．Changes of America’s Golden Dream

小題1:C
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:D

小題1:短文中提到：19世紀(jì)的“美國夢”激發(fā)起的是淘金熱；在20世紀(jì)90年代，加利福尼亞的硅谷涌現(xiàn)出了新的夢想家。新的美國夢卻不僅僅只關(guān)乎金錢。它還促使美國人進(jìn)行理性的消費(fèi)，注重環(huán)保，提高生活質(zhì)量及促進(jìn)社會公正。由此推斷可知：不同時期美國夢的主題不同。
小題2:第二段提到：19世紀(jì)，歐洲人以及大批中國人涌入美國。在他們的心目中，美國是一個遍地黃金的國度。但現(xiàn)實(shí)并非如此，很多人并沒有找到黃金，為了生計，大部分移民最終只能做鐵路勞工。
小題3:短文第三段提到：貧困生得不到公平的受教育機(jī)會，種族歧視盛行，美國夢幾乎淪為一場噩夢。加利福尼亞州的州長阿諾·施瓦辛格的成功只是移民中實(shí)現(xiàn)了美國夢的典范，使移民們看到了一線希望。此句的表面意思是“很多人希望他的故事能夠挽救美國夢”。由此推測可知：絕大多數(shù)移民并沒有達(dá)到他們預(yù)期的目標(biāo)。
小題4:通讀全文可知，1848年，馬歇爾在加利福尼亞州發(fā)現(xiàn)了金子，于是人們開始做起了尋金夢。19世紀(jì)的“美國夢”激發(fā)起的是淘金熱。到了20世紀(jì)，很多評論家指出，光憑堅(jiān)強(qiáng)意志和勤奮工作已經(jīng)不可能發(fā)大財。在20世紀(jì)90年代，人們對因特網(wǎng)激情高漲，美國夢新的篇章由此揭開。中國和印度的很多商界人士以及年輕精英來此創(chuàng)業(yè)，尋求發(fā)財致富之路。這場新的美國夢更關(guān)注生活質(zhì)量。由此可知全文的標(biāo)題是：美國夢的演變。
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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

When you make a mistake，big or small，cherish it as it’s the most precious thing in the world.
Most of us feel bad when we make mistakes，beat ourselves up about it，feel like failures，and get mad at ourselves.
And that’s only natural：Most of us have been taught from a young age that mistakes are bad，and we should try to avoid mistakes.We’ve been scolded when we make mistakes—at home，school and work.Maybe not always，but probably enough times to make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
Yet without mistakes，we could not learn or grow.If you think about it that way，mistakes should be cherished and celebrated for being one of the most amazing things in the  world：They  make  learning  possible；they make growth  and improvement possible.
By trial and error—trying things，making mistakes，and learning from those mistakes—we have figured out how to make electric lights，to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel，and to fly.
Mistakes make walking possible for the smallest toddler，make speech possible，and make works of genius possible.
Think about how we learn：We don’t just consume information about something and instantly know it or know how to do it.You don’t just read about painting，or writing，or computer programming，or baking，or playing the piano，and know how to do them fight away.Instead，you get information about something，from reading or from another person or from observing usually...then you construct a model in your mind...then you test it out by trying it in the real world...then you make mistakes...then you revise the model based on the results of your real world experimentation...and repeat，making mistakes，learning from those mistakes，until you’ve pretty much learned how to do something.
That’s how we learn as babies and toddlers，and how we learn as adults.Mistakes are how we learn to do something new—because if you succeed in something，it’s probably something you already knew how to do.You haven’t really grown much from that success—at most it’s the last step on your journey，not the whole journey.Most of the journey is made up of mistakes，if it’s a good journey.
So if you value learning，if you value growing and improving，then you should value mistakes.They are amazing things that make a world of brilliance possible.
小題1:Why do most of us feel bad about making mistakes?
A．Because mistakes make us suffer a lot.
B．Because it’s a natural part in our life.
C．Because we’ve been taught so from a young age.
D．Because mistakes have ruined many people’s careers.
小題2:According to the passage，what is the right attitude to mistakes?
A．We should try to avoid making mistakes.
B．We should owe great inventions mainly to mistakes.
C．We should treat mistakes as good chances to learn.
D．We should make feeling bad about mistakes an unconscious reaction.
小題3:The underlined word “toddler” in Paragraph 6 probably means________.
A．a(chǎn) small child learning to walk
B．a(chǎn) kindergarten child learning to draw
C．a(chǎn) primary pupil learning to read
D．a(chǎn) school teenager learning to write
小題4:We can learn from the passage that________.
A．most of us can really grow from success
B．growing and improving are based on mistakes
C．we learn to make mistakes by trial and error
D．we read about something and know how to do it right away
小題5:The author wants to tell us________.
A．what you should do when meeting with difficulties
B．where you can find your mistakes
C．how you can avoid making mistakes
D．why you should celebrate your mistakes

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

　　In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he invented a very simple cameras. He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his yard. That was the first photograph.
　　The next important date in the history! of photography was 1837. That year, Daguerre, another French, took a picture of his studio. He used a new kind of camera and a different process. In his pictures, you could see everything very clearly, even the smallest details. This kind of photograph was called a daguerreotype.
　　Soon, other people began to use Daguerre's process. Travelers brought back daguerreotypes from all around the world. People photographed famous buildings, cities and mountains.
　　In about 1840, the process was improved. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving things. The process was not simple. The photographers had to cary lots of films and processing equipment. But this did not stop the photographers, especially in the United States. After 1840s daguerreotype artists were popular in most cities.
　　Mathew Brady was a well - known American photographer. He took many pictures of famous people. The pictures were unusual because they were very life - like and full of personality （個性）.
　　Brady was also the first preson to take pictures of war. His 1862 Civil War pictures showed dead soldiers and ruined cities. They made the war seem more real and more terrible.
　　In the 1880s, new inventions began to change photography... Photographers could buy films readymade in rolls（卷）. So they did not have to make the film themselves. Also, they did not have to process the film immediately. They could bring it back to their studios and develop it later meaning that they did not have to carry lots of equipment. And finally, the invention of the small handheld camera made photography less expensive.
　　With the small camera, anyone could be a photographer. People began to use cameras just for fun. They took pictures of their families, friends and favorite places. They called these pictures" snapshot".
　　Photographs became very popular in newspapers in the 1890s. Soon magazines and books also used documentary photographs. These pictures showed true events and people. They were much more real than drawing.
　　Photography also turned into a form of art by the end of the 10th century. Some photographs were not just copies of the real world. They showed ideas and feelings, like other art forms.
　　小題1:The passage is mainly about ________.
A．the inventoin of cameras
B．a(chǎn) kind of new art - photography
C．the development of photography
D．the important dates in the history of photography
　　　小題2:The first pictures of a war were taken by________.
A．a(chǎn) French photographer in the 1840s
B．a(chǎn)n American photographer in the 1860s
C．a(chǎn) German reporter in the 1880s
D．a(chǎn) French artist in the 1890s
　　小題3:Photography can also be an art form because artists can ________.
A．take anything they like
B．keep a record of real life
C．take photos of the famous
D．show ideas and feeling in pictures

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Vicious(劇烈的)and Dangerous Sports Should be Banned by Law
When you think of the tremendous technological progress we have made, it’s amazing how little we have developed in other respects. We may speak contemptuously of the poor old Romans because they relished the orgies of slaughter that went on in their arenas. We may despise them because they mistook these goings on for entertainment. We may forgive them condescendingly because they lived 2000 years ago and obviously knew no better. But are our feelings of superiority really justified? Are we any less blood-thirsty? Why do boxing matches, for instance, attract such universal interest? Don’t the spectators who attend them hope they will see some violence? Human beings remains as bloodthirsty as ever they were. The only difference between ourselves and the Romans is that while they were honest enough to admit that they enjoyed watching hungry lions tearing people apart and eating them alive, we find all sorts of sophisticated arguments to defend sports which should have been banned long age; sports which are quite as barbarous as, say, public hangings or bearbaiting.
It really is incredible that in this day and age we should still allow hunting or bull-fighting, that we should be prepared to sit back and watch two men batter each other to pulp in a boxing ring, that we should be relatively unmoved by the sight of one or a number of racing cars crashing and bursting into flames. Let us not deceive ourselves. Any talk of ‘the sporting spirit’ is sheer hypocrisy. People take part in violent sports because of the high rewards they bring. Spectators are willing to pay vast sums of money to see violence. A world heavyweight championship match, for instance, is front page news. Millions of people are disappointed if a big fight is over in two rounds instead of fifteen. They feel disappointment because they have been deprived of the exquisite pleasure of witnessing prolonged torture and violence.
Why should we ban violent sports if people enjoy them so much? You may well ask. The answer is simple: they are uncivilized. For centuries man has been trying to improve himself spiritually and emotionally – admittedly with little success. But at least we no longer tolerate the sight madmen cooped up in cages, or public floggings of any of the countless other barbaric practices which were common in the past. Prisons are no longer the grim forbidding places they used to be. Social welfare systems are in operation in many parts of the world. Big efforts are being made to distribute wealth fairly. These changes have come about not because human beings have suddenly and unaccountably improved, but because positive steps were taken to change the law. The law is the biggest instrument of social change that we have and it may exert great civilizing influence. If we banned dangerous and violent sports, we would be moving one step further to improving mankind. We would recognize that violence is degrading and unworthy of human beings.
1.It can be inferred from the passage that the author’s opinion of nowadays’ human beings is
A. not very high.         B.  high.  C.  contemptuous.      D.  critical.
2.The main idea of this passage is
A. vicious and dangerous sports should be banned by law.
B. people are willing to pay vast sums money to see violence.
C. to compare two different attitudes towards dangerous sports.
D. people are bloodthirsty in sports.
3.That the author mentions the old Romans is
A. To compare the old Romans with today’s people.  B. to give an example.
C. to show human beings in the past know nothing better.
D. to indicate human beings are used to bloodthirsty.
4. How many dangerous sports does the author mention in this passage?
A.  Three.     B.  Five.    C.  Six.    D.  Seven.
5. The purpose of the author in writing this passage is
A. that, by banning the violent sports, we human beings can improve ourselves.
B. that, by banning the dangerous sports, we can improve the law.
C. that we must take positive steps to improve social welfare system.
D. to show law is the main instrument of social change.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last for ever. But, at nearly 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona Lisa.
The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1505, is getting worse by the year, according to the Louver Museum(盧浮宮) where it is housed.
“The thin, wooden panel on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years ago,” the museum said. Visitors have noticed changes but repairing the world’s most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state.
Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, many attracted by the mystery of her smile. “It is very interesting that when you’re not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops,” said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. “It’s because direct vision(視覺) is excellent at picking up details, but less suited to looking at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows.”
However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile. Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France’s King Francis I in 1519.  
In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louver by a former employee, who took it out of the museum, hidden under his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later. During World War Ⅱ, French hid the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces.
小題1:We can infer from the text that_______
A．the Mona Lisa is proved to be able to last another 500 years
B．Mona Lisa’s beauty is fading gradually with 500 years passing by
C．the Mona Lisa has been catching people’s wide attention in the past 500 years
D．Mona Lisa does not look out of date though painted 500 years ago
小題2:Which of the following is true about the Mona Lisa?
A．It was once taken away and hidden up by German forces.
B．Its painter himself loved it greatly and always kept it in a shade.
C．Mona Lisa stops smiling when you look at her wanting to see her smiles.
D．King Francis I bought it and then returned it to Italy.
小題3:Choose the right order about the happenings onto Mona Lisa.
a. It was stolen from the Louver.
b. Its painter sold it to King Francis I
c. Its state of health was checked.
d. It was returned to France and housed in the Louver Museum.
e. It was hidden and protected against Germans.
A．b-a-d-e-cB．d-e-c-b-aC．d-a-e-c-bD．b-c-a-d-e
小題4:It may add to the difficulty in repairing the painting that_____.
A．experts haven’t noticed changes in its shape as visitors do
B．it is likely to be stolen again when it’s under repair
C．it is uncertain which country, Italy of France, should take charge
D．experts aren’t sure about the materials and the chemical state of its oil paint

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Few Americans remain in one position or one place for a lifetime. They move from town to city to suburb, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where they raise their children to the home where they plan to live in retirement (退休). With each move they are forever making new friends, who become part of their new life at that time.
For many of them summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad, and they go not only to see new sights but also with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible.
The word “friend ” can be applied to a wide range of relationships ---- to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a fellow worker, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant (知己).
小題1:. Many Americans move from place to place for the following reasons except           .
A．going to college
B．getting a better job
C．finding a place to live in retirement
D．saving money
小題2:. Summer is a special time when many Americans           .
A．enjoy the sunlightB．feel strange
C．travel to other countries D．get a new job
小題3: When summer comes, many Americans             .
A．hope to meet new people
B．expect to find some close friends
C．want to begin lasting friendships with new people
D．Both A and B
小題4: From the passage it can be seen that a “friend” can be             .
A．a(chǎn) fellow workerB．a(chǎn) football teammate
C．a(chǎn) boy or a girlD．a(chǎn)ll of the above
小題5:. Which of the following is the topic sentence of Paragraph 2?
A．For many of us summer is a special time for forming new friendships.
B．Today millions of Americans vacation abroad.
C．No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friendship.
D．But surely the beginning of friendship is possible.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

From Japan to Indonesia, a certain kind of pop culture is very hot. But it doesn’t come from Hollywood—it’s Hallyu(韓流), the wave of Korean pop culture that has washed over Asia. It has influenced everything from music to television. And thanks to the Internet and social media, it’s now spreading worldwide.
South Korea produces all types of entertainment, the most popular being music, soap operas and films. What makes Hallyu so hot in Asia? One reason is that its products are of high quality and much cheaper than western products. Another reason is that eastern cultures are similar to each other, although there are language differences.
Korean pop music, or “K-pop”, ranks the first everywhere. Fans love the songs and the attractive stars. Companies like SM Entertainment, JYP Entertainment and YG Entertainment help many K-pop stars, such as Super Junior, Big Bang and Rain, to succeed. They are not only popular in Asia but also enjoy popularity in the West. In 2011, Big Bang’s mini-album Tonight reached the top 10 on U.S. Tunes Top Pop Albums. When SM Entertainment took their 2010 world tour to Los Angeles, only 30 percent of the 15,000 fans were Korean. Half of the audience wasn’t even Asian!
One important reason for the success of Hallyu is simply the Internet. A little more than 10 years ago, Korean soap operas, movies and music reached the outside world quite slowly. They began in Korea, and then gradually spread outward, appearing in its neighboring countries where local TV and radio companies would play them. Now they are played around the world online at the same time.
YouTube is another major way to get Korean entertainment to fans everywhere. It is an inexpensive and valid way for artists to introduce their work to a larger audience. In 2010 the YouTube channels for the top three Korean entertainment groups together had nearly 800 million views from 225 different countries.
小題1:Hallyu is very hot in Asia partly because________.
A．languages in Asia are similar to each other
B．the culture is the most fashionable in the world
C．South Korea’s products are the cheapest in Asia
D．the quality of South Korea’s products is high
小題2:The author shows the popularity of K-pop in the West_______.
A．by giving examples
B．in order of space
C．by listing reasons
D．in order of time
小題3:The last two paragraphs mainly tell us________.
A．how important the Internet is
B．Hallyu is popular worldwide
C．the Internet helps Hallyu spread quickly
D．how popular and effective YouTube is
小題4:What does the underlined word valid (in Para. 5) mean?
A．slowB．useless
C．successfulD．necessary
小題5:What would be the best title for the passage?
A．K-pop Ranks the First Everywhere
B．Hallyu Makes Waves across the World
C．YouTube Helps Korean Cultures Spread
D．Korean Soap Operas Are Growing in Popularity

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Anne Sanders was practicing soccer moves, which was not normal. Usually, Anne only plays basketball. She wins every basketball game she plays, and she loses at any other game.  "Anne", I waved to her. "Why are you playing soccer?"
"Well, the gym teacher is doing something different," she said. "There are teams of four and partners of two.We get to pick our partners, and I want someone to pick me. "Anne held up a list.
"It looks like I'm on a team with you, Stacey, and Paul," I said.  "Stacey is my best friend.Maybe we can be together: " Just then,  Stacey and Paul came over.  They had heard of the teams.
"Do you want to be partners, Stacey?" I asked.
"Well, I was going to be partners with Paul," she claimed. I didn't blame her. Paul was as fast as a rocket, and my nickname was "Snail".  "But we are best friends," said Stacey.  “So I guess I'II be with you. "
It was our first game. Stacey went to talk to some other friends afterwards, and Paul and Anne were talking about winning their game. I was sipping on my water, when I overheard Stacey, "She's worse than I thought; if I played the team alone,, I would have won easily. She's worse than a snail.  She's more like a statue. "
That night, I felt terrible for losing and mad at Stacey for calling me a statue. After all, she was my best friend and my only friend. Anyway, the phone rang, and it was Stacey. At first, I thought she might apologize, but no such luck.
“Allison,  the game tomorrow is canceled, "  she said.
"Okay," I replied.  "Sorry about the game today", Stacey hung up on me.
The next day, I went over to the soccer field. I knew the game was canceled, but maybe I could help clean up.But instead of a mess, I saw a soccer game in progress.  Stacey and were playing, and Anne was hiding in the corner.  "Paul made me pretend to be sick, "  she whispered.  “He wants to play with Stacey because she's so fast. "
So Anne and I went to get ice cream.  Even if I lost Stacey ,I just created a lifelong friendship.
小題1:Why did Anne practice playing soccer?
A．Because she wanted to win in all games.
B．Because she didn't want to be left out.
C．Because she intended to be a normal student.
D．Because she hoped to do something different.
小題2:What did Stacey complain about Allison?
A．Allison called her nickname.
B．Allison was as fast as a rocket.
C．Allison didn't treat her as a best friend
D．Allison moved too slowly in the game.
小題3:Stacey phoned Allison in order to
A．get rid of Allison as a partner
B．a(chǎn)pologize for calling Allison a statue
C．tell Allison there was no game tomorrow
D．encourage Allison to fight in the next game
小題4:Allison went to the soccer field to________
A．watch a soccer game
B．keep the soccer field clean
C．find out Why the game was cancelled
D．make preparations for another game
小題5:What conclusion can we draw from this passage?
A．Allison wanted to be partners with Anne.
B．Stacey called Allison to show real concern.
C．Allison and Anne would be friends forever.
D．Anne was hiding in the corner because she was sick.

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科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. It is the poorest of the poor. Only small sums are available for excavating(挖掘)and even less is available
for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Besides, there is the problem of unlawful excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to businessmen at the highest price..
I would like to make a suggestion that would at once provide money for archaeology and reduce the amount of diggings against law. You might say that professionals excavate to get knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts(古器
物) are part of our global cultural heritage(遺產(chǎn)), which should be there for all to appreciate, not sold at the highest price. I agree. Sell nothing that has scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here,
we disagree. In theory, you may be correct in saying that every artifact has hidden scientific value.
People can not help appreciate every unearthed treasure but there is not enough money even to put the finds in good order; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of the Internet, sold artifacts could be more reachable than are the pieces stored in museum basements. Before sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.
小題1:What’s the problems that archaeology as a profession has to face?
A．Money and unlawful excavationB．Effectively duplicates.
C．Scientific purposes.D．Excavation law.
小題2:To let most people enjoy ancient artifacts, the practical way could be_______.
A．putting them in the museumB．having sold artifacts returned
C．making use of the InternetD．solving the money problem
小題3:Which of the following four suggestions about archaeology is from the author?
A．No selling of any unearthed ancient artifacts.
B．Some money should be raised for the purpose.
C．Selling some unearthed ancient artifacts and having them returned when needed.
D．Ancient artifacts, our global cultural heritage, should be evenly shared by us all.

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