14．BEIJING-China has the world's largest population of citizens over age 65and in the coming decades their numbers are expected to quickly grow．Already，officials are struggling to cope with the rising numbers of elderly at a time when there is a shortage of nursing home beds and certified caregivers．
Feng Jie is a trained nurse who decided a year and half ago to leave her job at a state-run hospital and work with a private nursing company．
She says that unlike her job at the hospital，she now gets to spend more quality time with patients and as an added bonus her pay is better．Still，few have followed in her footsteps．"It was a risk[to come to work here]．All of my classmates still work in hospitals．I thought that I'd give it a try because this industry，this type of job is still an emerging field，"she said．
China's population is aging at one of the fastest rates in the world．By the middle of the century，more than 450million people will be over 60years of age．
China lacks both the facilities and the staff to adequately care for the elderly，says Du Peng，director of the Institute of Gerontology（老年學） at Renmin University-the only program of its kind in China．"We have four million beds available，one caretaker for every three elderly．We should have more than a million caretakers，if in the future we will have 30million elderly then we need 10million caretakers，"she explained．"But at the moment in China every year only 6，000gerontology professionals are certified．"
Right now most of China's nursing homes are state owned，but through incentives（激勵） to private enterprises，caregivers and stipends（生活津貼） for the elderly，the government is looking to shake up the market．
Li Xinyue says such incentives helped her quickly find a job at a private nursing home after graduating．"When I was still in school I thought about where I would work afterwards，and at the time the government was issuing some policies to assist private institutions…there were many privately run institutions available，so there were more to choose from，"Li Xinyue stated．
In addition to cutting red tape to allow more foreign and private investment in elderly care，the government is testing ways to encourage caregivers to seek more training and keep certified nurses in the field．
"It is a bit like the reform of China's economic system thirty years ago，when it was mostly state owned enterprises and there was a break with that and a promotion of economic development．Now we are seeing a similar thing with the break down of the bottleneck，"said Peng．
As more elderly Chinese turn to nursing homes for care，authorities hope investors see profit in the country's demographic challenges，and add to the 400，000nursing homes that now are mostly state run．
55．What's the main idea of the passage？D
A．China has the world's largest population of citizens over age 65．
B．In the coming decades the number of citizens over age 65is expected to quickly grow．
C．Officials are struggling to cope with the rising numbers of elderly in China．
D．There is a shortage of nursing home beds and certified caregivers in China．
56．Why did FengJie leave her job at a state-run hospital and work with a private nursing company？D
A．Because she was asked to work there by the institution．
B．Because she was not satisfied with the hospital she was working in．
C．Because she wanted to get a better pay．
D．Because it is a new industry and she wanted to have a try．
57．From the fifth paragraph，we can conclude thatD．
A．there is only one Institute of Gerontology in China
B．we have got enough beds available in China．
C．one caretaker for every three elderly is quite perfect
D．in China every year only 6，000gerontology professionals are certified
58．What's the government policy to cope with the problem of the rising numbers of elderly and a shortage of nursing home beds and certified caregivers？D
A．Encouraging the caretakers to work at state owned institutions．
B．Reducing the state owned institutions．
C．Encouraging more elderly Chinese to turn to nursing homes for care
D．Motivate more investors to run private nursing homes．
分析 本文主要講隨著老年人口的增多，中國急缺養(yǎng)老服務中心和護理人員．
解答 55---58 DDDD
55．答案D．主旨大意題．根據(jù)第一段Already，officials are struggling to cope with the rising numbers of elderly at a time when there is a shortage of nursing home beds and certified caregivers可知，本文主要講隨著老年人口的增多，中國急缺養(yǎng)老服務中心和護理人員．故選D．
56．答案D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第三段I thought that I'd give it a try because this industry，this type of job is still an emerging field，"she said可知，她放棄原來的工作主要因為它想嘗試這一新興產(chǎn)業(yè)．故選D．
57．答案D．細節(jié)理解題．根據(jù)第五段But at the moment in China every year only 6，000gerontology professionals are certified可知，中國每年只有6000名獲得證書的老年學專業(yè)人員．故D正確．
58．答案D．推理判斷題．根據(jù)第六段Right now most of China's nursing homes are state owned，but through incentives（激勵） to private enterprises，caregivers and stipends（生活津貼） for the elderly，the government is looking to shake up the market，第七段there were many privately run institutions available，so there were more to choose from，"Li Xinyue stated可知，國家鼓勵開設更多的私人養(yǎng)老院．故選D．
點評 科普類文章一般由標題（Head line），導語（Introduction），背景（Back ground），主體（Main body）和結尾（End）五部分構成．標題是文章中心思想高度而又精辟的概括，但根據(jù)歷年的高考情況來看，這類閱讀理解材料一般不給標題，而要同學們選擇標題．導語一般位于整篇文章的首段．背景交待一個事實的起因．主體則對導語概括的事實進行詳細敘述，這一部分命題往往最多，因此，閱讀時，同學們要把這部分作為重點．結尾往往也是中心思想的概括，并與導語相呼應，命題者常在此要設計一道推理判斷題．在進行推理判斷時，同學們一定要以閱讀材料所提供的科學事實為依據(jù)，同時所得出的結論還應符合基本的科普常識．
