Almost every machine with moving parts has wheels, yet no one knows exactly when the first wheel was invented or what it was used for. We do know, however, that they existed over 5,500 years ago in ancient Asia.
The oldest known transport wheel was discovered in 2002 in Slovenia. It is over 5,100 years old. Evidence suggests that wheels for transport didn't become popular for a while, though. This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around.
But it could also be because of a difficult situation. While wheels need to roll on smooth surfaces, roads with smooth surfaces weren't going to be constructed until there was plenty of demand for them. Eventually, road surfaces did become smoother, but this difficult situation appeared again a few centuries later. There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modem road design.
In the mid-1700s, a Frenchman came up with a new design of road—a base layer (層) of large stones covered with a thin layer of smaller stones. A Scotsman improved on this design in the 1820s and a strong, lasting road surface became a reality. At around the same lime, metal hubs (the central part of a wheel) came into being, followed by the pneumatic tyre(充氣輪胎) in 1846. Alloy wheels were invented in 1967, sixty years after the appearance of tarmac roads (柏油路). As wheel design took off, vehicles got faster and faster.
【小題1】What might explain why transport wheels didn't become popular for some time?
| A．The existence of transport wheels was not known. |
| B．Humans carried farming tools just as well. |
| C．Animals were a good means of transport. |
| D．Few knew how to use transport wheels. |
| A．It provided conditions for wheel design to develop. |
| B．It was easier than wheel design. |
| C．It was promoted by fast-moving vehicles. |
| D．It improved after big changes in vehicle design. |
| A．By giving examples. |
| B．By making comparisons. |
| C．By following time order. |
| D．By making classifications. |
| A．The beginning of road design. |
| B．The history of public transport. |
| C．His invention of fast-moving vehicles. |
| D．The development of transport wheels. |
【小題1】C
【小題2】A
【小題3】C
【小題4】D
解析試題分析：本文介紹了車輪的發(fā)展歷程。第一段是引入話題--車輪的發(fā)展。第二段說明車輪發(fā)展緩慢的原因；第三段以時間順序說明車輪的發(fā)展歷程。
【小題1】考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段第二行“This could be because animals did a perfectly good job of carrying farming tools and humans around”可知，當時車輪沒有流行起來的一種原因是動物充當了很好的交通工具。故選C。
【小題2】推理判斷題。難度：較難。根據(jù)第3段 There had been no important changes in wheel and vehicle design before the arrival of modem road design.（在現(xiàn)代道路設計之前，輪子和交通工具的設計都沒有重大變化）。第4段接著講述了隨著道路設計的進步，各種新型的輪子(包括充氣輪胎)隨之發(fā)展，而且也促進了車輛的發(fā)展。由此可知，道路設計的發(fā)展促進了車輪的發(fā)展。選A。
【小題3】考查寫作手法。根據(jù)in the mid-1700s；in the 1820s；At around the same time；in 1846；in 1967；sixty years after等時間狀語可知，最后一段是按照時間順序來展開的。故選C。
【小題4】考查文章大意。文章開頭點題，提出了世界上第一個車輪是何時發(fā)明的這個問題。第二段解釋車輪沒有很快流行起來的原因；最后一段介紹了隨著道路的發(fā)展，車輪的不斷改良。道路設計的發(fā)展只是一個促進車輪發(fā)展的因素，排除A；文章沒有介紹公共交通；排除B。故選D。
考點：說明文類短文閱讀
科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Cold weather can be hard on pets, just like it can be hard on people. Sometimes owners forget that their cats are just as used to the warm shelter as they are. Some owners will leave their animals outside for a long period of time, thinking that all animals are used to living outdoors. This can put their pets in danger of serious illness. There are things you can do to keep your animal warm and safe.
Keep your pets inside as much as you can when the weather is bad. If you have to take them out, stay outside with them. When you’re cold enough to go inside, they probably are too. If you must leave them outside for a long time, make sure they have a warm, solid shelter against the wind, thick bedding, and plenty of non-frozen water.
If left alone outside, dogs and cats can be very smart in their search for warm shelter. They can dig into snow banks or hide somewhere. Watch them closely when they are left outdoors, and provide them with shelter of good quality. Keep an eye on your pet’s water. Sometimes owners don’t realize that a water bowl has frozen and their pet can’t get anything to drink. Animals that don’t have clean and unfrozen water may drink dirty water outside, which may contain something unhealthy for them.
【小題1】What do we learn about pets from Paragraph 1?
| A．They are often forgotten by their owners. |
| B．They are used to living outdoors. |
| C．They build their own shelters. |
| D．They like to stay in warm places. |
| A．To know when to bring them inside. |
| B．To keep them from eating bad food. |
| C．To help them find shelters. |
| D．To keep them company. |
| A．run short of clean water | B．dig deep holes for fun |
| C．dirty the snow nearby | D．get lost in the wild |
| A．To solve a problem. |
| B．To give practical advice. |
| C．To tell an interesting story. |
| D．To present a research result. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Near the village, there is an old famous temple. Some people want to build new houses where the temple now stands, because they can find no other area to build them, while others disagree with them. They meet to decide how to solve the problem. Here are their opinions about it.
The expert wants to protect the temple and believes that there are some interesting things buried in the ground. If it is destroyed or moved, people may never learn about how people lived in the past.
The businessman thinks that the houses should be built. History is important, but we must think about the future. The village needs development and building new houses will offer jobs to hundreds of people.
Villager A says, “We should build the new houses because we need houses to live in.”
Villager B says, “We should protect the temple because it can attract many tourists to come for a visit. If the temple is destroyed or moved, we will lose a lot of business.”
The village leader thinks that he has a duty to make life better for the villagers. They need jobs and new houses. He also thinks the cultural site (遺跡) is important and they should be careful with it as well.
【小題1】The expert doesn’t want to _______ the old famous temple.
| A．rebuild | B．protect | C．pull down | D．fall down |
| A．help the village develop |
| B．a(chǎn)ttract many tourists to come for a visit |
| C．help people learn about how people lived in the past |
| D．help people learn about the interesting things buried in the ground |
| A．The expert and the village leader |
| B．The businessman and Villager |
| C．Villager A and Villager |
| D．Villager B and the businessman |
| A．they should destroy the temple |
| B．they needn’t build new houses |
| C．They should build the temple to make life better |
| D．they should not only build new houses but also be careful with the temple |
| A．It’s difficult to satisfy everyone. |
| B．The cultural site is not so important. |
| C．It’s easy to make a decision on the problem. |
| D．The villagers will lose their jobs with the development of their hometown |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Driving to a friend’s house on a recent evening, I was attracted by the sight of the full moon rising just above my friend’s rooftop. I stopped to watch it for a few moments, thinking about what a pity it is that most city people --- myself included --- usually miss sights like this because we spend most of our lives indoors.
My friend had also seen it. He grew up living in a forest in Europe, and the moon meant a lot to him then. It had touched much of his life.
I know the feeling. Last December I took my seven-year-old daughter to the mountainous jungle of northern India with some friends. We stayed in a forest rest house with no electricity or running hot water. Our group had campfires outside every night, and indoors when it was too cold outside. The moon grew to its fullest during our trip. Between me and the high mountains lay three or four valleys. Not a light shone in them and not a sound could be heard. It was one of the quietest places I have ever known, a bottomless well of silence. And above me was the full moon, which struck me deeply.
Today our lives are filled with glass, metal, plastic and fiber-glass. We have television, cell phones, pagers, electricity, heaters and ovens and air-conditioners, cars, computers.
Struggling through traffic that evening at the end of a tiring day, most of it spent indoors, I thought, “Before long, I would like to live in a small cottage. There I will grow vegetables and read books and walk in the mountains. And perhaps write, but not in anger. I may become an old man there, and wear the bottoms of my trousers rolled and measure out my life in coffee spoons. But I will be able to walk outside on a cold silent night and touched the moon.”
【小題1】The best title for the passage would be _________.
| A．Touched by the Moon |
| B．The Pleasures of Modern Life |
| C．A Bottomless well of Silence |
| D．Break away from Modern life |
| A．there was too much pollution. |
| B．he failed to see the fullest moon. |
| C．he didn’t adapt to modern inventions |
| D．there were too many accidents on the road. |
| A．No modern equipment. |
| B．Complete silence. |
| C．The nice moon. |
| D．The high mountain. |
| A．show that the writer likes city life very much. |
| B．tell us that people greatly benefit from modern life. |
| C．explain that people have less chances to enjoy nature. |
| D．show that we can also enjoy nature at home through them. |
| A．express the feeling of returning to nature. |
| B．show the love for the moonlight. |
| C．a(chǎn)dvise modern people to learn to live. |
| D．want to communicate longing for modern life. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Bicycle Safety
Operation Always ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus(校園). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.
Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack---even if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. It’s fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.
Equipment
Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.
Helmet A necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fit properly.
Lights Always have a front headlight---visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.
Rules of the Road
Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15km/h, unless otherwise posted. Always give the right of ways to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid, call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.
Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, hallways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such posts can result in a fine.
If Things Go Wrong
If you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for:
No bicycle registration---------------------------------------------------$25
Bicycle parking banned--------------------------------------------------$30
Blocking path with bicycle ---------------------------------------------$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement -------------------------$35
【小題1】Registration of your bicycle may help you _____________.
| A．get your serial number | B．find your stolen bicycle |
| C．receive free repair services | D．settle conflicts with walkers |
| A．Brakes. | B．A helmet. | C．A taillight. | D．A headlight. |
| A．$25 | B．$30 | C．$35 | D．$40 |
| A．Directions for bicycle tour on campus. |
| B．A guide for safe bicycling on campus. |
| C．Regulations of bicycle race on campus. |
| D．Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
B
【小題1】The above posts center on a blog passage written by ________.
| A．Wendy | B．Julie | C．Anne | D．Nancy |
| A．2 | B．3 | C．5 | D．7 |
| A．work can bring joy to people |
| B．creativity may help reduce depression |
| C．beauty is the most important in life |
| D．different people handle things differently |
| A．Julie is the CEO of a company. |
| B．Julie was once attracted to artwork. |
| C．Julie has never been attacked publicly. |
| D．Julie was honest about her past experiences. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
With large and small keyboards everywhere, neither children nor adults need to write much of anything by hand. That’s a big problem. Study after study suggests that handwriting is important for brain development — helping kids get fine motor skills and learn to express and create ideas. Yet the time devoted to teaching penmanship in most schools has shrunk to just one hour a week. Is it time to give up handwriting? Have a look at the link between the brain and penmanship, and you may get the answer.
A test among students in grades 2, 4 and 6 found that they not only wrote faster by hand than by keyboard, but also created more ideas when composing essays with handwriting. And other research shows that the finger movements required to write by hand activate brain areas involved with thought, language, and short-term memory.
A recent Indiana University study had one group of children practice writing letters by hand while a second group just looked at those letters. Then, both groups of kids entered a functional MRI (核磁共振) that scanned their brains as the researchers showed them the same letters. Researchers found that the brain activity in the first group was far more advanced and “adult-like”.
Handwriting also affects other people’s way they think of adults and children. Several studies have shown that the same average essay will score much higher if written with good penmanship and much lower if written out in poor handwriting. These studies have also found that people judge the quality of a person’s ideas based on his or her handwriting. And the consequences are real: On standardized tests with handwritten sections, like the SAT, all essay that is considered hard to recognize gets a big zero.
Studies show that this isn’t only an English-language phenomenon. Chinese and Japanese youths are suffering from “character amnesia”. They can’t remember how to write characters, thanks to computers and text messaging. Some experts fear that Chinese writing and reading are so closely linked in the brain that China’s reading ability as a nation could suffer.
【小題1】According to the passage, it can be learned that ________________.
| A．many researches have been done on handwriting |
| B．essays can’t be composed without handwriting |
| C．a(chǎn)ll children write faster by keyboard than by hand |
| D．most schools are trying to teach more handwriting |
| A．Children should practice writing letters |
| B．Handwriting can increase brain activity |
| C．It’s good for children to enter a functional MRI. |
| D．Letters should often be shown to children |
| A．Handwriting affects both adults and children. |
| B．Handwriting helps a person write better essays. |
| C．SAT should be done with good handwriting. |
| D．Good handwriting makes a person seem smarter. |
| A．Essays written with keyboards will get lower scores. |
| B．The quality of your ideas depends on your handwriting. |
| C．Chinese and Japanese youths don’t know how to write. |
| D．Less handwriting may affect China’s reading ability. |
| A．keyboards are more popular than handwriting |
| B．we shouldn’t judge people by their handwriting |
| C．handwriting is of great importance |
| D．it’s time to give up using keyboards |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
By 2050 there will have been an extra 2.5 billion people on earth. And what will they eat?
To solve the problem, we should have to double our food production. We can also develop a diet of algae（海藻）, insects and meat grown in laboratories.
Algae can grow very quickly at sea, in polluted water and in places that would normally kill food crops. They are already eaten widely in Japan and China and they are eaten by almost everything from shrimps to blue whales. They can fix CO2 in the atmosphere and provide fats and sugars.
Man-made meat looks like meat, feels like meat and it is meat, although it’s never been from a living, breathing animal. Instead, it is grown from cells in big containers. Moreover, studies show that producing man-made meat will use far less water, energy and land.
China has developed “green super rice”, a series of rice types which produce more grain and have stronger ability to fight against floods, salty water, insects and disease. We used traditional plant breeding（作物育種）techniques to cross-breed more than 250 rice types. Green super rice, which is enough to feed an extra 100 million people, will be planted widely in the coming years.
Insects like ants are not on most European menus but at least 1,400 kinds are eaten across Africa, Latin America and Asia. Now, with rising food prices and worldwide land shortages, such insects are getting more and more popular. Not only are many insects rich in protein（蛋白質(zhì)）, low in fat and high in Ca and Fe, but insect farms need little space. And they can grow well on paper, algae and industrial wastes.
【小題1】In order to exist in the future, people have to _______.
| A．move to other planets |
| B．produce rain in laboratories |
| C．build new laboratories for food research |
| D．increase the food production or look for other food sources |
| A．a(chǎn)lgae have a strong life force |
| B．few people eat algae now |
| C．a(chǎn)lgae have few values for human beings |
| D．a(chǎn)lgae can pollute our environment |
| A．has to be watered with salty water |
| B．can grow even in a bad environment |
| C．includes no more than 250 rice kinds |
| D．was developed with new technologies |
| A．Green super rice is delicious but high in price. |
| B．In Asia about 100 million people may be faced with food shortages. |
| C．Man-made meat doesn’t look like meat but has the same taste as real meat. |
| D．One of the reasons why many people begin to eat insects is their rich food value. |
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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解
Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?
The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences. To the Egyptians, green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring, while for Muslims, it means heaven. Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures. In China, children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year. For many nations, blue is a symbol of protection and religious beliefs. Greek people often wear a blue necklace hoping to protect themselves against evils (災禍).
People’s choice of colors is also influenced by their bodies’ reactions (反應) toward them. Green is said to be the most restful color. It has the ability to reduce pain and relax people both mentally and physically. People who work in green environment have been found to have fewer stomachaches.
Red can cause a person’s blood pressure to rise and increase people’s appetites (食欲). Many decorators will include different shades of red in the restaurant. Similarly, many commercial websites will have a red “Buy Now” button because red is a color that easily catches a person’s eye.
Blue is another calming color. Unlike red, blue can cause people to lose appetite. So if you want to eat less, some suggest that eating from blue plates can help.
The next time you are deciding on what to wear or what color to decorate your room, think about the color carefully.
【小題1】Muslims regard green as a symbol of heaven mainly because of their .
| A．cultural values | B．commercial purposes |
| C．personal experiences | D．physical reactions to the color |
| A．To relax people physically. |
| B．To increase people’s appetites. |
| C．To encourage people to buy the goods. |
| D．To cause a person’s blood pressure to rise. |
| A．Red. | B．Green. | C．Blue. | D．Purple. |
| A．Colors and Human Beings |
| B．The Cultural Meaning of Color |
| C．Colors and Personal Experiences |
| D．The Meaning and Function of Color |
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