Question

【題目】It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes .They recycle their garbage because the care about the environment .They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.

It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem , by observing our own behavior .We can be strangers to ourselves .If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes .Actually , we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.

Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before .Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize .Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't .Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us .We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.

Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires .Therefore , we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”

【1】According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to___.

A. determine one's behavior

B. reflect one's taste

C. influence one's surroundings

D. result from one's habits

【2】Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?__

A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.

B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.

C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.

D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.

【3】What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?___

A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.

B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.

C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.

D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.

【4】What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?___

A. Personalities and attitudes.

B. Preferences and habits.

C. Behavior and personalities.

D. Attitudes and preferences.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】 A

【2】 A

【3】 B

【4】 C

【解析】

這是一篇議論文。文章主要講了人們的行為是由什么來(lái)決定的？通常認(rèn)為人的行為決定于人的內(nèi)在“性情”。但是許多時(shí)候，我們卻需要通過(guò)人的行為來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)人的內(nèi)心，因?yàn)樾袨椴⒎强偰艽�表人的真�?shí)內(nèi)心。

【1】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，通常認(rèn)為“人格和態(tài)度決定人們的行為”，故選A。

【2】推斷判斷題。答案定位在第二段but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.可知，與通常認(rèn)為的內(nèi)在性情決定外在行為不同，許多時(shí)候，我們需要通過(guò)我們的行為來(lái)認(rèn)識(shí)我們的內(nèi)心。這是Daryl Bern提議的。B、C、D三項(xiàng)都是“內(nèi)在”決定“外在”的例子。A項(xiàng)中是“外在”顯示“內(nèi)在”，故選A。

【3】推斷判斷題。答案定位在第三段Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，可知下文“回收垃圾”和“買(mǎi)咖啡”都是說(shuō)明該論點(diǎn)的論據(jù)。我們回收垃圾不是因?yàn)槲覀儽Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境的內(nèi)心，而是因?yàn)榇嬖谕饨缈赡艿呢?fù)面評(píng)價(jià)的壓力所致，故選B。

【4】主旨大意題。本文主要討論如何認(rèn)識(shí)人們的行為（外在）與品性（內(nèi)在）之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系及因果關(guān)系，故選C。

在閱讀時(shí)，要抓住文章的主題和細(xì)節(jié)，分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)上下文內(nèi)在聯(lián)系，挖掘文章的深層含義．對(duì)于暗含在文章中的人物的行為動(dòng)機(jī)、事件中的因果關(guān)系及作者未言明的傾向、意圖、態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)等要進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的判斷、推理、分析，進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)理解能力，抓住材料實(shí)質(zhì)性的東西。例如小題1，根據(jù)第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，通常認(rèn)為“人格和態(tài)度決定人們的行為”，故選A。