Organic foods are produced according to certain production standards, meaning they are grown without the use of conventional pesticides, or chemical fertilizers and that they were processed without food additives. Livestock are raised without the routine use of antibiotics（抗生素）or growth hormones. In most countries, organic produce must not be genetically modified. They may also be required to be produced using energy-saving technologies and packaged using recyclable materials when possible.

Early consumers interested in organic food would look for non-chemically treated, fresh or minimally processed food.

They mostly had to buy directly from growers: “Know your farmer, know your food” was the motto. Personal definitions of what constituted ( 組成)“organic” were developed through first-hand experience: by talking to farmers, seeing farm conditions, and farming activities. Historically, organic farms were relatively small family-run farms — which is why organic food was once only available in small stores or farmers’ markets.

However, since the early 1990s organic food has had growth rates of around 20% a year. As of April 2008, organic food accounts for 1 - 2% of food sales worldwide. Currently organic food production is legally regulated. Many countries require producers to obtain organic certification in order to market food as organic.

Several studies have attempted to examine and compare conventional and organic systems of farming. The general consensus（共同看法）is that, in the short term, organic farming is less damaging for the following reasons:

● Organic farms do not release synthetic pesticides (合成農(nóng)藥) into the environment — some of which have the potential to harm soil, water and local wildlife.

● Organic farms are better than conventional farms at keeping diverse ecosystems, i.e., populations of plants and insects, as well as animals.        

● Organic farms are more energy efficient and produce less waste.

Another report published in March 2008 by The Organic Center claims that organic food is on average 25% more nutritious than conventional food.     

However, many critics believe that the increased land needed to farm organic food could potentially destroy the rainforests and wipe out many ecosystems. And organic products cost 10 to 40% more than similar conventionally produced products. Processed organic foods in supermarkets are 65% more expensive.

1. Early consumers knew what food was “organic” by _______.

A. firsthand experience                                     B. the “certified organic” label tag

C. its packaging                                                      D. examining its organic certification

2. We can infer that _______.

A. in America, organic food can only be bought in small stores or farmers’ markets

B. organic food is also available in large supermarkets at present

C. organic food is produced by large-scale farms

D. organic food is often beautifully packaged

3. According to the passage, organic food is considered as _______.     

A. junk food               B. delicious snacks               C. green food       D. conventional food

4. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?

A. The benefits of organic food.                               B. The cost of organic food.

C. The disadvantages of organic food.                    D. Organic food and conventional food.

5. Which of the following statements does NOT support the view that organic farming is more environment-friendly?

A. Organic food is generally thought to be more nutritious.

B. Organic farms are more energy efficient and produce less waste.

C. Organic farms are better than conventional farms at maintaining varieties of plants, insects and animals.

D. Organic farms do not release synthetic pesticides into the environment.

【小題1】A

【小題2】B

【小題3】C

【小題4】C

【小題5】A

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Eat to Excel

How fit are you? Do you look after yourself? Do you eat healthily or do you eat anything you like? Premier League football club Aston Villa are encouraging their players and local children to eat healthy food. They know that what you eat is the key to success.

How fit is a footballer?

Could you run ten kilometers in 90 minutes? A professional footballer can. Footballers have to be strong, quick, skillful and creative in their moves. Every Premier League club makes sure it has a good coaching scheme and a well-planned fitness program. They also ensure that players have the practice and training that will prepare them for matches. What else do you think clubs pay special attention to? A good stadium? Anything else? What about the food they eat?

Eating the right thing

A good diet is a fundamental part of sport these days. Aston Villa manager Martin O’Neill’s sport and health experts have chosen a secret weapon --- organic food (food grown without chemicals). Fitness manager Jim Henry eats with his players and said: “I chose to switch to organic food for Aston Villa because I’ve read studies showing that organic food has higher levels of vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.” He believes that the best way to get these is to eat the very best fresh food.

What to eat after the match

Head chef at Aston Villa, lan Edge, feeds players with the best food as soon as they finish an away match. He says: “Food is very important to sports stars and particularly after a game. There is an hour of opportunity when they need to eat to get the best muscle strength, so I hand out meals on the coach on the way home. If we can make one per cent difference to the players by using organic food, then it is worth it.”

Teaching healthy eating

Everyone at Aston Villa enjoys organic food at their training ground. But the club is also worried about the unhealthy diet among local children who prefer sweets and unhealthy fast food. As part of their work in the community, Aston Villa has opened up their kitchen and invited children from local schools to come and learn how to cook with the help of the Villa head chef. Villa midfielder, Nigel ReoCoker, visited the children on the opening day. “The kitchen promotes healthy eating and a healthy lifestyle.” he said.

A final word from the kitchen

Head chef Ian says: “Footballers know how important food is to their profession and nine times out of ten, they go for the healthiest option.” Do you watch your diet? If you do and you keep yourself fit, you can be a winner!

Every Premier League Club provides footballers with ______________.

A. a good coach

B. a fitness center

C. proper practice and training

D. a delicious diet

According to Jim Henry, ___________________.

A. he believes the studies he has read about organic food

B. he will only eat organic food with his players

C. he thinks food is especially important after a game

D. he chose organic food as a secret weapon for footballers

We can learn from the passage that ___________________.

A. people can make one percent difference to players by using organic food

B. only a few footballers pay attention to the healthy eating

C. footballers in Aston Villa usually eat on their way to the match

D. footballers in Aston Villa usually eat some food within an hour after a match.

Why has Aston Villa invited children from local schools?

A. Because they want to teach kids how to cook delicious food.

B. Because they want to teach kids to play football.

C. Because they are fond of the kids in the community.

D. Because they intend to promote healthy eating.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

LONDON（Reuters）-Organic fruit, delivered right to the doorstep. That is what Gabriel Gold prefers, and he is willing to pay for it. If this is not possible, the 26-year-old computer technician will spend the extra money at the supermarket to buy organic food.

"Organic produce is always better," Gold said. "The food is free of pesticides（農(nóng)藥）, and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally（本地）grown and seasonal, so it is more tasty. "Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business. But how many shoppers really know what they are getting, and why are they willing to pay a higher price for organic produce? Market research shows that Gold and others who buy organic food can generally give clear reasons for their preferences-but their knowledge of organic food is far from complete. For example, small amounts of pesticides can be used on organic products. And about three quarters of organic food in Britain is not local but imported（進(jìn)口）to meet growing demand. "The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year, so it is a very fast-growing market," said Sue Flock, a specialist in this line of business.

60. More and more people in Britain are buying organic food because ____.

　　A. they are getting richer

　　B. they can get the food anywhere

　　C. they consider the food free of pollution

　　D. they like home-grown fruit

61.Which of the following statements is true to the facts about most organic produce sold in Britain？

　　A. It grows indoors all year round.

　　B. It is produced outside Britain.

　　C. It is grown on family farms.

　　D. It is produced on large farms.

62.What is the meaning of "the organic trend" as the words are used in the text？

　　A. growing interest in organic food

　　B. better quality of organic food

　　C. rising market for organic food

　　D. higher prices of organic food

63.What is the best title for this news story？

　　A. Organic food-healthy, or just for the wealthy？

　　B. The making of organic food in Britain

　　C. Organic food-to import or not？

D. Good qualities of organic food

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：云南省2010屆高三下學(xué)期第二次統(tǒng)一檢測(cè) 題型：閱讀理解


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The earth is getting warmer. The planet is suffering. But what can you do about it? Reduce the amount of waste you generate. Use cleaner energy sources and go greener today, starting with these steps:
1. Get a reusable water bottle
Americans buy about 25 billion single-serving plastic water bottles each year. That's an average of 83 bottles per person per year. Plastic bottles take plenty of resources to produce, including fuel for transportation and petroleum to make the plastic. Even recycling bottles uses energy.
2. Eat less meat
You don't need to become a vegetarian to help save the planet. Eating meat just one day less a week can reduce your negative impact on the environment. More water, energy and land are required to produce meat than to produce grain.
3. Switch to energy-efficient light bulbs
Most households use standard incandescent (白熾的) bulbs. But compact fluorescent (熒光的) light bulbs, or CFLs, use 66 percent less energy than standard bulbs, produce just as much light, last up to 10 times longer and don't need to be replaced as often. If every household in the United States replaced just one incandescent light bulb with a CFL bulb, it would equal removing one million cars from the road.
4. Buy organic and local food
Did you know that only 1 percent of pesticides (殺蟲劑) applied to crops reach the pests they target? The rest enter the environment. Organic food is grown without the use of pesticides. Organic farming can use 50 percent less energy than traditional farming methods. Buying local food saves on the fuel used to transport food grown elsewhere, thousands of miles across the country or around the world.
5. Recycle your electronics
Everyone knows the importance of recycling glass and plastic, but what about cell phones, computers, CDs and batteries? Electronics are responsible for about 40 percent of toxic (有毒的) heavy metals such as lead and mercury. Check with your city's recycling facilities to see if they take electronics.
72. The readers of this passage are called on to ______.
A. help reduce global warming               B. use water in a wise way               C. donate money for charity                      D. keep a balanced diet
73. What is an advantage of CFLs according to the passage?
A. They use more energy but produce more light.                                   B. They can last longer so don't need to be replaced often.                                        C. They cost less than standard incandescent bulbs.                                         D. They are as energy-efficient as incandescent bulbs.
74. Which of the following figures is correct according to the passage?
A. Every year an American buys 63 plastic water bottles on average.                   B. Eating meat one day less a week helps cut environment costs.                                   C. 99 of the pesticides used on crops is effective in practice.                                         D. Electronics account for half of poisonous heavy metals on the earth.
75. Which can be the best title for this passage?
A. Why is the earth getting warmer?           B. What can we do about pollution?              C. How can you lead a greener life?          D. Who is to blame for global warming?

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2011年吉林省延邊二中高一下學(xué)期六月份月考英語(yǔ)卷 題型：閱讀理解

Europe is now the biggest market for organic food in the world, having grown by 25 percent a year over the past 10 years. Denmark’s agriculture minister is herself an organic farmer. The UK market for organic food grew by 55 percent in 2000, while the food market as a whole grew by only one percent. Yet only seven percent of British shoppers account for nearly 60 percent of organic sales. However popular the idea of organic farming may be, it is still an interest for only a few people.
So what makes the idea of organic farming popular? Organic farming means farming with natural materials, rather than with man-made fertilizers or pesticides. Organic farmers rely on many  methods — such as crop rotation (農(nóng)作物的輪作) and the use of resistant（有抵抗力的） varieties, because they are necessary for organic farmers to compensate for the shortage of man-made chemicals.
Organic farming is often supposed to be safer than traditional farming for the environment. Yet after a long research on organic farming worldwide for a number of years, science continues to be against this opinion. The House of Commons committee on agriculture publicized that, even with complete research work, it would fail to find any scientific evidence to prove “that any of claims （宣稱） made for organic farming is always true”.
However, the talk about the benefits of organic farming is going on. This is partly because many people depend on their individual farm, the soil, the weather, and so on.
【小題1】The first paragraph mainly tells us _____.

A．organic farming has been performed only in Europe over the past 10 years
B．governments of European countries have cared less about organic farming
C．organic farming is far from being as popular as expected
D．European countries need organic food more than the other countries in the world
【小題2】 The underlined words “compensate for” in the second paragraph probably mean “________”.
A．a(chǎn)rgue forB．care forC．struggle forD．pay for
【小題3】 What can we know about organic farming?
A．It refers to farming with natural materials, instead of chemical fertilizers.
B．It refers to farming with chemical fertilizers rather than natural fertilizers.
C．It refers to farming with soil rather than any other thing.
D．It refers to growing crops with man-made fertilizers and pesticides.
【小題4】According to the third paragraph, _____.
A．organic farming is safer than traditional farming for the environment
B．the idea that organic farming is safer has not been proven by science
C．organic farming is accepted by the UK’s House of Commons committee
D．organic farming is preferred to traditional farming
【小題5】Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage?
A．The UK’s agriculture minister is an organic farmer.
B．Organic farming is popular with young people.
C．Farmers make use of many different kinds of methods to improve the organic sales system.
D．Ninety-three percent of British shoppers don’t buy organic products.

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科目：高中英語(yǔ) 來(lái)源：2014屆廣東省高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題 題型：閱讀理解

The Stop Global Warming calculator shows you how much carbon dioxide you

can prevent from being released into the atmosphere and how much money you can save by making some small changes in your daily life. It’s our hope that the calculator will promote action, awareness and empowerment by showing you that one person can make a difference and help stop global warming.

There are many simple things you can do in your daily life—what you eat, what you drive, how you build your home—that can have an effect on your immediate surroundings, and on places as far away as Antarctica. Here is a list of things that you can do to make a difference.

Use Compact Fluorescent Bulbs

Replace 3 frequently used light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs. Save 300lbs (pounds) of carbon dioxide and $60 per year.

Use Recycled Paper

Make sure your printer paper is 100% post consumer recycled paper. Save 5lbs of carbon dioxide per ream of paper.

Take Shorter Showers

Showers account for 2/3 of all water heating costs. Save 350 lbs of carbon dioxide and $99 per year.

Buy Products Locally

Buy locally and reduce the amount of energy required to drive your products to your home.

Carpool When You Can

Own a big vehicle？Carpooling with friends and co-workers saves fuel. Save 790 lbs of carbon dioxide and hundreds of dollars per year.

Don’t Idle in Your Car

Idling wastes money and gas, and generates pollution and global warming causing emissions. Except when in traffic, turn your engine off in you must wait for more than 30 seconds.

Buy Organic food

The chemicals used in modern agriculture pollute the water supply, and require energy to produce.

Turn Off Your Computer

Shut off your computer when not in use, and save 200 lbs of carbon dioxide. Conserve energy by using your computer’s “sleep mode” instead of a screensaver.

With a Stop Global Warming calculator which costs you only $50 in hand, you will find what you do does count.

1. The Stop Global Warming calculator can serve the following purposes EXCEPT __________.

A．introducing the ways of saving carbon dioxide

B．Telling how to save money in your daily life

C．promoting action, awareness and empowerment and helping stop global warming

D．introducing how global warming is formed

2. How many tips are related to cars?__________.

A．1

B．2

C．3

D．4

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the list of tips? ___________.

A．Using a screensaver instead of the computer’s “sleep mode”

B．Buying products in the neighborhood

C．Using recycled printer paper

D．Replacing frequently used light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs

4.What does the underlined word “carpooling” mean according to the passage?____.

A．Changing your big vehicle into a small one with your friends and co-workers

to save fuel

B．Going to the pool with your friends and co-workers by car

C．Trying to share a big vehicle with your friends to save fuel

D．Washing the car in a pool by yourself instead of having it washed by your

friends and co-workers

5.  What is the purpose of the author writing this passage?___________.

A．Giving people tips on how to save money in life

B．Telling people how to be environment-friendly

C．Promoting the product “Stop Global Warming calculator”

D．Telling people how to prevent carbon dioxide from being released

 

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