Many parents watch the news or other shows as children play nearby. But new research shows that even when the television is just background noise，it may be disruptive to a child’s normal development.
It’s estimated that 75 percent of very young children in the United States live in homes where the television is on most of the time，even though the kids often aren’t watching it. The University of Massachusetts researchers recently studied how TV background noise might affect young children. The study looked at 50 1­，2­and 3­year­olds. Each child came to a lab with a parent and was allowed to play for an hour with various toys. For half the time，a television was on in the room，showing the adult game show as well as advertisements. During the other half hour，the TV was turned off.
As expected，the children paid little attention to the adult television show，glancing at it for less than a few seconds at a time，and less than once a minute. Even so，the distraction (分心) of the background noise had a significant effect on how children at every age played. When the television was on，the children played with each toy for far shorter periods of time，and focused attention during play was also shorter compared to how they played when the TV was off.
Researchers said that even though the children aren’t interested in the show，background TV affects their ability to do various types of play. The finding is important because many well­meaning parents who wouldn’t let their young children watch television may not realize that even adult programs that don’t interest children still can have an effect.
“Background TV is potentially a chronic (長期的) environmental risk factor affecting most American children，” said the lead author of the study. “Parents should limit their young children’s exposure (接觸)．”
小題1:We know from the passage that________.
A．background TV noise has little effect on adults
B．most young children in America live in homes exposed to TV noise
C．the effect of background TV noise on children is immediate
D．most parents in America wouldn’t let their children watch TV
小題2:The underlined word “disruptive” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to________.
A．harmfulB．importantC．similar D．related
小題3:In the study，the children________.
A．were all 3­year­oldsB．were asked to watch adult TV shows
C．played for an hour while the TV was onD．played with more than one toy
小題4:What does the study show?
A．Children pay much attention to adult TV shows.
B．Children should be allowed to watch TV for kids only.
C．The background TV noise affects children’s ability to focus.
D．The more toys a child has，the shorter time he plays with each one.

小題1:B
小題2:A
小題3:D
小題4:C
孩子玩耍的時候，如果電視一直開著，即使他們不看電視節(jié)目，電視的聲音也會影響他們的注意力。
小題1:B 推斷題。根據(jù)It’s estimated that 75 percent of very young children in the United States live in homes where the television is on most of the time，even though the kids often aren’t watching it.可知答案為B。
小題2:A 猜測詞意題。根據(jù)第一段可知，讓孩子暴露在電視聲音下，對孩子有害，可知：答案為A。
小題3:D 推斷題。根據(jù)Each child came to a lab with a parent and was allowed to play for an hour with various toys.答案為D。
小題4:C 推斷題。根據(jù)the distraction (分心) of the background noise had a significant effect on how children at every age played.可知答案。
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D．persuading people to live nearer to their workplaces
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B．The early success of a journalist.
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Each new school year brings fresh reminders of what educators call the summer learning gap. Some call it the summer learning setback. Simply speaking, it means the longer kids are out of school, the more they forget. The only thing they might gain is weight.
Most American schools follow a traditional nine-month calendar. Students get winter and spring breaks and about ten weeks of summer vacation. Some schools follow a year-round calendar. They hold classes for about eight weeks at a time, with a few weeks off in between. The National Association for Year-Round Education says there were fewer than three thousand such schools at last count. They were spread among forty-six of the fifty states.
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Across the country, research shows that students from poor families fall farther behind over the summer than other students. Experts say this can be prevented. They note that many schools and local governments offer programs that can help.
But calling them "summer school" could be a problem. The director of the summer learning center at Johns Hopkins, Ron Fairchild, said research with groups of different parents in Chicago and Baltimore found that almost all strongly disliked the term summer school”. In American culture, the idea of summer vacation is connected to beliefs about freedom and the joys of childhood. The parents welcomed other terms like "summer camp," "enrichment," "extra time" and "hands-on learning."
小題1:According to the first paragraph the summer learning gap         .
A．helps children to gain weight
B．leads children to work harder
C．improves children’s memories
D．affects children’s regular studies
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A．perform better and have more learning gains
B．have much less time for relaxation every year
C．have generally the same number of class days
D．hold more classes with more free weeks off
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A．Students from poor families often fall behind after the vacation.
B．Year-round schools can solve the problem of the learning gap.
C．There are schools in each state following a year-round calendar.
D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vocation.
小題4:Why did almost all parents dislike the term “summer school”?
A．They cherish the children’s rights of freedom very much.
B．They are worried about the quality of the “summer school”.
C．They want their children to be forced to make up the gap.
D．They can’t afford to the further study during vacation.
小題5:What would be the best title of this passage?
A．Opening Summer Camps
B．Forbidding Summer Schools
C．Spreading Year-Round Education
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Burning biomass is one way to capture its energy, but Brown hopes panda poop can teach scientists something about breaking down biomass. Pandas—or at least the bacteria in their stomachs—are very good at getting energy out of bamboo. Unlike cows, which use 4 stomachs to digest large amounts of grass, a panda has only one stomach. Bamboo comes in, and poop goes out.
Every day for 14 months, Brown and her team on this project, counted the bacteria in the poop of the two pandas, YaYa and LeLe living at the Memphis Zoo. Her studies turned up 12 species of bacteria that break down biomass, including one that had never been found in pandas. Brown says that because the poop contains bacteria that break down biomass, it could also be used to break down other types of biomass.
Now the scientists hope to identify the chemicals that help with the process of breaking down biomass and then figure out how the bacteria work. If those chemicals can be made in the lab, they could be used to turn biomass—like grass or other plants—into fuel.
Brown says she doesn’t mind handling panda poop. “It’s probably the most pleasant material to work with,” she says, “My colleagues and I have been working with other poop for a long time, and we can assure you it has a fairly pleasant smell associated with it.”
小題1:The importance of studying panda poop is _______.
A．to create a renewable energy from plants
B．to explore a new way to get energy from plants
C．to learn a lesson of energy from panda poop
D．to figure out how the bacteria work for us mankind
小題2:The process of the panda poop project can be described as ______.
a. Identify the chemicals helpful to break down biomass.
b. Find the bacteria in panda poop which break down bamboo.
c. Reproduce the chemicals in the lab to turn biomass into energy.
d. Analyze how the bacteria in panda poop work in panda’s stomach.
A. a, b, d, c          B. a, d, c, b          C. b, a, d, c          D. b, d, a, c
小題3:What does the author mainly want to express in the 2nd paragraph?
A．Pandas don’t digest bamboo the same way as cows.
B．Pandas are capable of getting energy using stomachs.
C．Pandas can get energy from bamboo more efficiently.
D．Scientists have learnt something new from panda poop.
小題4:What does Professor Brown think of working with panda poop?
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