【題目】

1How pale that girl is! I am sure she __________(fall down).

2Ann __________(watch) TV a lot when she was sick at home last week.

3I __________(cycle) home yesterday when a man stepped out in front of me.

4So far this year we __________(see) a rise in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent.

5It __________(not rain) very much in summer in Beijing.

【答案】

1is going to fall down

2watched

3was cycling

4have seen

5doesn't rain

【解析】動(dòng)詞作為句子主干的核心部分之一,其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)一直都是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。本題考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài),時(shí)態(tài),顧名思義,是“時(shí)間”和“動(dòng)作狀態(tài)”的排列組合。時(shí)間分為過去、現(xiàn)在和將來,而動(dòng)作的狀態(tài)也可以分為三種,即一般式、進(jìn)行式和完成式,因此它們的結(jié)合,就構(gòu)成了英語中比較熟悉的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式,如一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),過去進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)等等。

1is going to fall down 考查be going to表將來。句意:這個(gè)女孩多么虛弱!我看她都快要摔倒了。is going to fall down在此處表示有跡象表明的將來的動(dòng)作。

2watched 考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語when she was sick at home last week可知,主句應(yīng)該用一般過去時(shí)。句意:安上周生病在家的時(shí)候看了很多電視。

3was cycling 考查when作并列連詞的固定用法。was/were doing… when … (某人)正在做……就在這時(shí)……。句意:昨天我正騎車回家,就在這時(shí)有一個(gè)人走到我前面。

此處的when為并列連詞,意為恰在此時(shí)(and at that time)”,它和引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞when是不同的。這主要表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:

1. 位置:when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí),該從句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后;而并列連詞when只能位于兩個(gè)分句之間,而且前面常常有逗號(hào)。例如:

Come when you please. 你高興來就來吧。(when為從屬連詞)

When I saw him, he was writing to a friend of his. 我看見他時(shí),他在給一個(gè)朋友寫信。( when 為從屬連詞)

I was taking a walk when I came across him. 我正在散步,突然碰見了他。(when為并列連詞)

2. 意義:when作從屬連詞用時(shí),它所引導(dǎo)的從句表示主句中謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,即作當(dāng)……時(shí)解;而并列連詞when連接的兩個(gè)分句中,第一個(gè)分句表示的是背景,第二個(gè)分句表示的是一種突然的、意想不到的情況或過早發(fā)生的事情。when 通常含這時(shí)突然之義。例如:

I was thinking of this, when I heard my name called. 我正想著這件事,突然聽到有人叫我的名字。

I had just fallen asleep, when the boor-bell rang. 我剛?cè)胨,門鈴?fù)蝗豁懥似饋怼?/span>

3. 時(shí)態(tài):when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中可以根據(jù)句意的需要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)說明現(xiàn)在,過去,甚至將來的行為;并列連詞when后面的分句中通常用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)。

作為并列連詞的when常用于以下句式:

(1)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。

I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做飯,突然聽到她敲門的聲音。

(2)was /were going to,was / were about to,was / were on the point of表示過去某一時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

I was just going when he came in. 我正要走,這時(shí)他就進(jìn)來了。

We were about to start when it began to rain. 我們剛要?jiǎng)由硖炀烷_始下起雨來了。

He was on the point of leaving, when someone knocked at the door. 他剛要走就有人敲門。

(3)過去完成時(shí)表示過早發(fā)生的事情。含否定意義的hardly,scarcely,nearly連用,或者just,little,或者否定詞not應(yīng)用于過去完成時(shí),并與when連用時(shí),表示……,就……”的意思。

I had hardly opened the door when he hit me.

我剛一開門他就打了我一下。

I had been there little more than a week when I set to work in earnest.

我到那兒還不超過一個(gè)星期就開始認(rèn)真干起活來。

4have seen 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語so far this year (今年到現(xiàn)在為止)可知,句子的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。句意:今年到目前為止,我們目睹了房?jī)r(jià)增長(zhǎng)了百分之五到十。

5doesn’t rain 考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示通常性、規(guī)律性、習(xí)慣性、真理性的狀態(tài)或者動(dòng)作有時(shí)間規(guī)律發(fā)生的事件。句意:北京夏天不太經(jīng)常下雨。

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