When we talk about intelligence, we do not mean the ability to get good scores in certain kinds of tests or even the ability to do well in school. By intelligence we mean a way of living and behaving, especially in a new or anxious situation. If we want to test intelligence, we need to find out how a person acts instead of how much he knows what to do.
　　 For example, when in a new situation, an intelligent person thinks about the situation, not about himself or what might happen to him. He tries to find out all he can, and then he acts immediately and tries to do something about it. He probably isn’t sure how it will all work out, but at least he tries. And, if he can’t make things work out right, he doesn’t feel ashamed that he fails; he just tries to learn from his mistakes. An intelligent person, even if he is very young, has a special outlook(人生觀) on life, special feeling about life, and knows how he fits into it.
　   If you look at children, you’ll see great difference between what we call “bright” children and “not bright” children. They are actually two different kinds of people, not just the same kind with different amounts of intelligence. For example, the bright child really wants to find out more about life --- he tries to get in touch with everything around him. But the unintelligent child keeps more to himself and his own dream-world; he seems to have a wall between him and life in general.
小題1:What’s the main idea of the passage?

A．What’s real meaning of intelligence

B．What’s the “bright” children’s behavior

C．What’s a special outlook on life

D．How to live and behave in a new situation

小題2:In the author’s opinion the biggest difference between “bright” children and “not bright” children lies in ____________.

A．the amount of intelligence

B．the different situations they face

C．the different attitudes to life

D．the background of life

小題3:What might the author continue to talk about in the passage that follows?

A．how to determine what intelligence is

B．How an unintelligent person should be taught

C．how to judge whether a person is intelligent

D．how education should be changed

Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence - and a not-so-good influence - on this generation of American teenagers．More than 2,000 teachers took an online survey．Three-quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a "mostly positive" effect on their students' research habits and skills．But 64 percent said the technologies "do more to distract（使 - - - ---分心） students than to help them academically．" And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an "easily distracted generation with short attention spans．"
The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing Project．Judy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a co-author of the report．Ms．Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster．"Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engaging．Young people favor these tools．The goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content, and not just sort of consumers．"
But one problem the survey found is that many students lack digital literacy．They trust too muck of the information they find on the Internet．Judy says these students haven't developed the skills to determine the quality of online information．"It's something that really has to be taught and paid attention to．Because in a world in which things happen quickly, you do need to step back, reflect and analyze the information you have．"
Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information online．Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers．They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries．
Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities．
小題1:The text mainly tells us____．

A．a(chǎn)ll the students use digital tools

B．the Internet is playing a key role

C．teachers encourage using digital tools

D．digital tools bring about benefits and problems

小題2:Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?

小題3:The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means

A．students do not have the right digital tools

B．students do not always have access to the Internet

C．students haven't the ability to adjust themselves

D．students can't judge online information properly

小題4:Some students don't tend to work hard because

A．they can get answers on the Internet quickly

B．printed books and libraries around aren't enough

C．the Internet can't make students concentrate

D．they can copy each others' work without being punished

In my long years of teaching, I often ask my student to read the texts until they can recite（背誦） them, and I tell them that recitation is an important part of their homework. However, some of my students are tired of doing so, thinking that it is both hard and useless. They argue that it takes a long time to recite a text from memory and text itself never appears in a test paper.
In my opinion, it naturally takes time to recite a text, but it is worth doing so. When you are able to recite a text, you are sure to be familiar with the words and expressions. When you need them in reading or writing or doing exercises, they will come to your mind quickly, and so you will give quick response to all kinds of language situation. How can we say that it is useless?
Besides, many students complain that they soon forget what they were once able to recite. This is true, but you don’t need to worry. While you are reading and forgetting the texts, your language level is being raised. Sure you don’t remember your Chinese texts that you once read in the primary school, but now you are able to read novels and newspaper. So, recitation of the texts will help you improve your language ability.
小題1:What do the students think about the teacher’s advice? _______.

A．The English teacher tries his best to help them with English.

B．The English teacher is very kind to them.

C．The English teacher asks them to do something useless.

D．The English teacher should let them study on their own.

小題2:When the students are against his suggestion, the writer_______.

A．often criticizes them

B．patiently explains to them why they should recite the texts

C．wants to give up his idea

D．is afraid that he is criticized by the headmaster.

小題3:Why does the writer suggest that the students recite the text?_____.

A．Reciting the texts can improve the ability of applying English.

B．Reciting the texts is the best way of learning English.

C．The students should remember all the texts that the teacher has taught them.

D．Reciting the texts can greatly improve the classroom teaching.

A wave of recent research has pointed to the risks of over praising a child. And it seems that how to draw a line between too little praise and too much has become a high-pressure _  _act for parents.
Self-esteem (自尊)  serves as a kind of tool to measure how much children feel valued and accepted by     . This sensitivity to others'      develops because of humans' need for social acceptance, which is considered to be      to survival. As early as age 8, children's self-esteem tends to rise and fall in response to feedbacks about      peers see them as likable or attractive.     , it can also be beneficial for kids to feel bad about themselves occasionally, if they behave in selfish, mean or hurtful ways that might      their ability to maintain relationships or hold a job in the future.
In the past, many parents and educators believed that high self-esteem      happiness and success, and kids could gain self-esteem simply by getting      and awards from their parents, teachers and people around. But recently researchers have found self-esteem doesn't  _   these desired results. Instead, if parents praise their kids     , their self-esteem becomes focused on being very smart and being the best and being perfect. Building too much self-esteem of the children can not go as planned, making them feel      later on when they hit setbacks (挫折).
According to some experts, it can actually be good for kids to have      self-esteem, at least once in a while. And praise can be      if it disregards the world outside the home. Children who have a      understanding of how they are seen by others tend to get recovered more readily      disappointment, depression or the like. The best path is a      road, helping children develop a positive but      view of themselves in relation to others by praising them for the      they invest and behaviors they are able to sustain, like "It's      that you're working so hard on your homework. "

小題1:	A．balancing B．crashing C．forcing D．embarrassing

小題2:	A．themselves B．parents C．others D．teachers

小題3:	A．views B．envies C．favors D．blames

小題4:	A．irrelevant B．similar C．important D．sensitive

小題5:	A．when B．whether C．how D．where

小題6:	A．Indeed B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．However

小題7:	A．improve B．damage C．change D．develop

小題8:	A．promised B．delayed C．purchased D．ruined

小題9:	A．support B．help C．challenge D．praise

小題10:

A．settle down B．work out C．give away D．bring about

小題11:

A．rarely B．carefully C．constantly D．casually

小題12:

A．worse B．stronger C．better D．madder

小題13:

A．high B．much C．low D．little

小題14:

A．powerful B．harmful C．grateful D．stressful

小題15:

A．practical B．limited C．basic D．perfect

小題16:

A．with B．to C．a(chǎn)bout D．from

小題17:

A．straight B．smooth C．middle D．rough

小題18:

A．general B．realistic C．different D．negative

小題19:

A．talent B．time C．money D．effort

小題20:

A．necessary B．a(chǎn)wesome C．worthless D．a(chǎn)wful

Across the United States, universities and colleges have been looking to become more sustainable (可持續(xù)發(fā)展的) and more than 600 schools have already planned to become eco-friendly. The EcoDorm, home to 36 students at Warren Wilson College in Swannanoa, was designed to be sustainable from top to bottom, or in this case, from its rainwater-collection system to its garden. The dormitory is bringing new meaning to the concept of living “green” at college.
At Warren Wilson College, a biological science school with fewer than 1,000 students, the sustainability drive came from the student body. The EcoDorm concept was presented ten years ago by two students; a planning committee firstly suggested using building materials like corncob. Although the architects disagreed with the idea, they came up with other creative solutions: Wood siding was taken from the trees grown in the school yard that were suffering from a disease, and rainwater was collected in an old railway car and pumped back into the house to clean the toilets.
All in all, the dorm uses nearly two-thirds less electricity than a similar-sized traditional building would. But even the most sustainable homes need continued efforts from its livers. And in the case of EcoDorm, students live by their words. Most also take advantage of the dorm’s bio-garden, planting and harvesting fruits and vegetables. “I didn’t have to worry about paper towels being wasted or feel bad about drying my clothes outside,” Jeremy Lekich, the dorm’s gardener, said. “Basically, it has made my life easier.”
小題1:We can learn from the text that the EcoDorm in the US     .

A．offers students the chances to have a natural living at college

B．was firstly built by two college students

C．was designed for saving building materials

D．is only applicable in few schools

小題2:The second paragraph is mainly about     .

A．where the EcoDorm was built

B．when the EcoDorm got its name

C．what the EcoDorm is made of

D．how the concept of EcoDorm started

小題3:What is the advantage of the EcoDorm?

A．It helps students to enjoy life at college.

B．It saves a lot of money and energy for the college.

C．It makes students study harder.

D．It brings new energy to the college.

小題4:What can be inferred from the text?

A．A long-term development calls for students’ efforts.

B．Students’ ideas should be encouraged at college.

C．Green living is a new trend at American colleges.

D．Students can learn to protect the environment through practice.

“Today we had a discussion in class about heroes,” said Ayesha to her father. “The teacher asked us to name our favorite heroes.”
“What did you say?” asked her father curiously.
“I said Kareena Kapoor,” said Ayesha proudly.
“Why do you like Kareena?” asked her father.
“She is so pretty, Daddy!” shouted Ayesha. “So I want to look like her!”
“But how do you plan to do that?”
“I don’t know, but I want to look like her.”
“When I see you, I see a very pretty girl. You may not be Kareena, but you are just as fine as Ayesha,” said her father seriously. “Adopting（挑選）film actors as our heroes and heroines（女偶像）is part of being young, but in the process don’t put yourself down,” he added. “But if you are trying so hard to be Kareena, you will stop being Ayesha.” Ayesha began to look interested. Her father added, “Each of us is unique, We have come down to the earth to develop our own beautiful gifts. You are such a fine singer, for example. Can you see how this might be your own wonderful gift to the world? Focus on being yourself, child, and you will achieve great things in life.
“OK, Dad,” she said. “I love the way Kareena looks but I am now going to focus on being the best Ayesha I can be.”
“That’s my girl,” said her father, giving her a big hug.
小題1:Kareena Kapoor is most probably a ______.

A．popular writer	B．famous actress
C．school teacher	D．pretty singer

小題2:Which of the following words can best describe Ayesha’s father?”

A．Reasonable

B．Humorous

C．Impatient

D．Generous

小題3:We know from the passage that _______.

A．Ayesha’s teacher liked watching films very much

B．Kareena Kapoor became famous for her courage

C．Ayesha changed her wrong attitude to Kareena in the end

D．Ayesha followed her father’s advice and determined to be herself

Anyone who doubts if children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their first efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often tied to their children's success, it can be a painful experience.
Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from a learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis(危機) at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or classmate pressure.“Everything is within the kids' control；their intelligence is changeable,”says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says,“Parents can play a key role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort and progress rather than emphasizing their “smartness” or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning.”
Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids.“These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence,” says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extra­curricular activities.
“The problem of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambition,”says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to free them of the idea that class work is irrelevant, and to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. They need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run.
小題1:According to the passage, the parents of kids with no ambition ________.

A．don't do a very good job on teaching them to walk

B．a(chǎn)re to blame if the kids do poorly in school

C．feel pain because their own ambition is connected to their kids' success

D．should take part in extra­curricular activities with kids

小題2: The underlined part “the fire went out” probably means ________.

A．the motivation was suddenly lost

B．the fear of failure was suddenly gone

C．the learning disability was suddenly lost

D．the fire was suddenly gone

小題3:All the following can contribute to a sudden lack of ambition EXCEPT ________.

A．learning disability	B．classmate pressure
C．emphasis on testing	D．extra­curricular activities

小題4:What is the most important thing for parents in motivating their kids?

A．Punishing kids who don't display ambition.

B．Emphasizing smartness and high performance.

C．Telling kids that mistakes are a part of learning.

D．Praising the effort and progress they have made.

Inside their one-store, metal-roofed house on Vancouver Island’s west coast，Janet Schwartz and her domesticated(馴養(yǎng)的) deer, Bimbo, are returning to their normal lives. The law-represented by men and women dressed in black uniforms and carrying guns — is no longer threatening to forcibly separate Schwartz and Bimbo，freeing the l0-year-old deer to the fates (命運) of the surrounding rainforest and its hungry wolves and black bears．
“We love each other，”said Schwartz who turned 70 on Saturday. “she’ll come up to me and she’ll kiss me right on the lips，like a man kisses a woman’’
For four days last week，Schwartz’ life turned as rocky as the rough logging road that connected her life to the outside world. Conservation officers had arrived with orders to loose Bimbo. Schwartz was told she wasn’t allowed to touch Bimbo any more. It seemed somebody had complained，said Environment Minister Terry Lake earlier in the week, noting it’s illegal to keep wild animals as pets.
During those tense days，sleepless nights were made even more restless by nightmares，said Schwartz. There were news stories and Facebook pages which supported Schwartz and by Friday，the government had changed its mind. Schwartz could keep her pet with the help of a veterinarian and conservation officers.
“It makes me feel good，”said Schwartz of the announcement．“She is my life．a(chǎn)nd I’ve had her since the day she’s been born.”
The relationship began when a friend found the orphaned fawn (幼鹿) along a nearby logging road，more than a kilometer away from her current home，said Schwartz. The friend brought the fawn over because she knew Schwartz had raised a deer before.
Schwartz named the fawn(小鹿) Bimbo，based on a Gene Autry song that was playing inside her home at the time，and began feeding the animal goat’s milk. Days turned into months and years, and now Bimbo is a part of the family.
小題1:According to Paragraph 1 , Janet Schwartz’s life is returning to normal because           

A．no one disturbs her life again	B．she can continue to keep the deer
C．she has married again	D．Bimbo has returned to the forest

小題2:Why didn’t Schwartz want to loose the deer?

A．It was the only companion in her house

B．She wanted to study the lifestyle of the deer．

C．The deer had become part of her life．

D．She had a veterinarian to help her．

小題3:Conservation officers ordered Janet to loose Bimbo because            

A．the deer was not properly taken care of

B．the deer brought harm to the neighborhood

C．it was against the law to keep the deer as a pet

D．the deer made too much noise

小題4:What made the government change its mind?

A．Schwartz’s love for the deer.

B．The threat to the deer in the wild.

C．The change of the law.

D．The influence from the press and the Web.

Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work. 
Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners --- the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business. 
The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog，and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly，the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person. 
The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money had dried up, and it’s not clear where future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67% and injuries by 51% , according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers.
小題1:The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog, mainly because ____.

A．it can map abandoned mines

B．it can see in the dark tunnels

C．it’s smaller than Groundhog

D．it has a real sense of logic

小題2:The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in paragraph 4 probably means“______”

A．gets angry	B．gets sick
C．becomes hungry	D．becomes cheerful

小題3:We can infer from the last paragraph that _____ .

A．robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry

B．there will be no need for human workers in mines

C．the mine robots will have a very bright future

D．robots in mines only do some simple jobs now

小題4:We can infer from the text that ______.

A．the mining robots do most of the mining work at present

B．groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases

C．experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous work

D．robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas

小題5:What can be the best title for the text?

A．Mining Accidents in America

B．Robots in Mines

C．Cave crawler, the Latest Robot

D．The Future of Robots

In a world as fast-changing and full of information as our own, all of us need to know how to learn well. Yet evidence suggests that most of us don’t use the learning techniques that science has proved the most effective.
The scientific literature evaluating these techniques goes back to decades and across thousands of articles. It’s far too extensive and complex for the average parent, teacher or employer to look through. Fortunately, a team of five leading psychologists have done the job for us.
Professor John Dunlosky and other psychologists closely examined 10 learning strategies and rated each from high to low utility(實用) on the basis of the evidence they’ve gathered. Here’s part of their conclusions:
In contrast to familiar practices, the effective learning strategies with the most evidence to support them aren’t well known outside the lab. Take distributed practice, for example. This strategy involves spreading out your study time, rather than engaging in one marathon. Cramming (死記硬背）information at the last minute may allow you to get through that test or meeting, but the material will quickly disappear from your memory. It’s much more effective to look through the material at intervals over time.
And the longer you want to remember the information, whether it’s two weeks or two years, the longer the intervals should be.
The second learning strategy that is highly recommended by Dunlosky is practice testing. Yes, more tests---but there not for a grade. Research shows that the mere act of calling information to mind strengthens that knowledge and aids in future retrieval (檢索). While practice testing is not a common strategy---despite the strong evidence supporting it ---there is one familiar approach that captures its benefits: using flash cards. And now flash cards can be presented in digital form. Both distributed practice and practice testing were rated as having “high utility” by Dunlosky.
小題1:How did the psychologists study and rate the learning strategies?

A．By analyzing the materials gathered in the past years.

B．By asking some students questions about their study.

C．By doing some experiments on the objects in the lab.

D．By asking parents and teachers to look through the articles.

小題2:The underlined word “extensive” in Para.2 means _____.

A．small in amount

B．easy or quick to do

C．more than is needed

D．dealing with a lot of information

小題3:About distributed practice and practice testing, it’s true that _____.

A．many students have benefited a lot from them

B．they were first put forward by John Dunlosky

C．only a small number of experts know about them

D．psychologists are studying whether they are effective

小題4:The strategy of distributed practice shows that ______.

A．we should not study for long hours every day

B．reviewing what we have studied is of little help

C．the shorter the interval is, the better we’ll study

D．doing repetition at intervals is the best way

小題5:The evidence shows that the strategy of practice testing ______.

A．is a way to use flash cards to help study

B．is mainly used to help us remember well

C．helps know about students’ grades in time

D．is a way widely used to strengthen memory