Leadership is the art of getting someone to do something you want done because he wants to do it. People naturally want to follow a good leader. After meeting with an effective leader it is not unusual to feel uplifted(情緒高漲), inspired, and motivated to work towards a common goal.
An effective leader makes others feel good about themselves, as well as the work they are doing. The leader has a vision(幻想)of what he or she wants to achieve, and can communicate that vision to others in a way that makes people want to be part of it. One thing a good leader typically does is to communicate the big picture, so that each employee can see how the particular role he or she plays makes a contribution to the final result.
Good leaders are positive and optimistic when they speak about the future. Their enthusiasm wins them plenty of supporters who help make their vision a reality.
Good leaders also understand that different people are motivated by different things. For employees motivated by a need for achievement, a leader explains how the task offers an opportunity to take on a challenge with an achievable goal. And employees are motivated by hearing how they will be part of a team of people working together.
Good leaders will introduce employees by name first, rather than job titles. They refer to employees as team members, companions, or colleagues, never as “servants”. Words have power, including the power to make people feel whether or not they are important to the success of an organization.
Good leaders believe that every team member matters and set up environments that make everyone feel important. It is no wonder they can attract the support they need to help them achieve their goals.
小題1:What’s the author’s purpose of writing this passage?

A．To tell us how to be a good leader at work.

B．To describe the proper relationship between leaders and employees.

C．To inform us of how leaders and employees should communicate.

D．To show the optimism of a leader.

小題2:What is the most important to be a good leader?

A．A good leader learns art very well.

B．A good leader can promote employees.

C．A good leader can satisfy all his or her employees.

D．A good leader can make employees happy and willing in their work.

小題3:What should a good leader do for an employee who wants to succeed at work?

A．To promote the employee to a leadership role.

B．To draw a beautiful picture of the employee’s future.

C．To encourage the employee to meet the challenges of his work.

D．To let the staff know the important role the employee plays.

小題4:We can infer from the passage that_________.

A．a(chǎn) good leader is always good at creating comfortable working conditions

B．the support of employees is necessary for a leader to reach his goal

C．names are much easier to remember than job titles

D．the motivation of the employees all comes from the leader

Has Tiger Mom gone soft? One year after the release of her book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother, Amy Chua is back in the spotlight, reflecting on how overnight infamy (惡名) affected her life, her family and her parenting.
“I have changed a lot,” she told the Huffington Post. “In October, we had 30 kids at our house! We have hosted parties with lots of food and music.”
Last January, the Wall Street Journal published an excerpt (節(jié)選) from Chua’s book with the headline “Why Chinese Mothers Are Superior”. In the excerpt, Chua described how her daughters were never allowed to have sleepovers (在外過(guò)夜的兒童聚會(huì)), appear in school plays, or earn any grade lower than an A. Chua, an author and professor at Yale Law School, spent much of 2011 on the defensive. In fact, many of her interviews seemed to lend fuel to her critics’ fire.
Now, with the book out in paperback, she said, “I put passages in the book and used very harsh words that I regret. Everybody has those moments you wish you could take back.”
For those who still read Battle Hymn as an advice guide, Chua argues that so-called tiger parenting should be employed mainly during a child’s early years, ideally between the ages of 5 and 12. These “super-strict parenting tactics” are not meant for all ages. Remaining strict after middle school makes you a helicopter parent, according to Chua. And she is quick to point out how different that is from being a tiger mom.
“By the time kids get to high school, helicopter parents are hiring all these tutors, carrying their kids’ sports bags. I never checked older daughter Sophia’s papers because I knew she knew how to sit down and focus,” Chua said.
As for younger daughter Lulu, 15, the rebel for whom the book was written, Chua has really backed off. Instead of forcing Lulu to practise violin for hours a day—the source of their biggest fights, Chua “l(fā)et her give that up”. “My compromise (妥協(xié)) is that I’m going to still be as strict academically, but in exchange she has a lot of social freedom. Lulu has had four sleepovers in the last two months!” Chua said. Chua predicts she’ll only get more easygoing with age.
小題1:What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．Tiger Mom has changed and wants to be soft.

B．Tiger Mom persuaded readers to follow her example.

C．How Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother came out.

D．How Tiger Mom became the worldwide spotlight.

小題2:From paragraph 1 we can know that after the publication of the book______________.

A．Tiger Mom became stricter with her children

B．Tiger Mom was thought highly by the public

C．Tiger Mom’s life and family were influenced

D．Tiger Mom became wealthy and easygoing

小題3:Lulu quarreled with her mother mainly over______________.

A．whether she could do well at school

B．when she could have sleepovers

C．what should be written in the book

D．how long she practiced the violin

Most of us seem to reach our peak of alertness (警覺) around noon. Soon after that, alertness declines, and sleepiness may set in by mid-afternoon.
Your short-term memory is best during the morning—in fact, about 15 percent more efficient than at any other time of day. So, students, take notice: when you are faced with a morning exam, it really does pay to review your notes right before the test is given.
However, long-term memory is different. Afternoon is the best time for learning materials that you want to recall days, weeks or months later. Politicians, business executives or others who must learn speeches would be smart to do their memorizing during that time of day. You should try to do most of your studying in the afternoon, rather than late at night. Many students believe they memorize better while burning the midnight oil because their short-term recall is better during the early hours of the morning than in the afternoon. But short-term memory won’t help them much several days later, when they face the exam.
By contrast, we tend to do best on tasks related to the process of knowing, understanding, and learning numbers during the morning hours.
What about sports? During afternoon and early evening, you’re able to react the quickest to an outside stimulus—like a baseball speeding toward you. Studies have also shown that late in the day, when your body temperature is peaking, you will consider PE easier and less tiring—whether it actually is or not. That means you are more likely to work harder during a late afternoon or early evening workout, and therefore benefit more from it.  
In fact, all of your senses—taste, sight, hearing, touch and smell—may be at their keenest during late afternoon and early evening. That could be why dinner usually tastes better to us than breakfast.
While all of us follow the same general pattern of ups and downs, the exact timing varies from person to person. It all depends on how your “biological” day is structured. Each of us can increase our knowledge about our individual rhythms. Learn how to listen to the inner beats of your body; let them set the pace of your day. You will live a healthier and happier life.
小題1:What does the underlined “it really does pay” mean?

A．It will cost a lot.	B．It requires price.
C．It is very painful.	D．It is worthwhile.

小題2:If there is an English exam two weeks later, you should go over English ____________ for days before that.

A．in the afternoon	B．in the late evening
C．in the early morning	D．right before the exam

小題3:From the passage, it can be inferred that ______________.

A．we eat more food at noon

B．we feel most tired if we exercise in the evening

C．it is a good choice to study math in the morning

D．we feel most sleepy before noon

小題4:Which would be the best title for the passage?

A．What’s Your Best Time of the Day for Different Tasks

B．How to Live a Healthier and Happier Life

C．How to Study Efficiently

D．How to Keep Your Best State of Learning

The rising sea waters caused by global warming have inspired a Russian architect to design a hotel that could be built on water as well as land．The eco-friendly “Ark” could be constructed in just a few months anywhere in the world, the designer says．   
It’s called “The Ark”，but looks more like a ship sitting upside down on the water．A new design by Russian architect A1exander Remizov challenges the tradition of land-based hotel and would provide a shelter in the future—should the world face a modern-day flood as described in the Bible．
The building of the hotel could be fast and simple．“Prefabricated（預(yù)制裝配的）section could be put together in three to four months,” Remizov said． The versatile（萬(wàn)能的）structure could be constructed in most corners of the earth, even in earthquake-prone areas．Constructing “The Ark"—which would include 14 000 square meters of living space???would cost roughly the same as building an energy-efficient house． The self-supporting structure would be built around a central post, connecting wind generators and heat pumps on its roof with the basement，where solar，wind，and thermal（熱量的）energy could be stored and turned into electricity． Remizov has designed the building without glass，choosing instead the lasting and self-cleaning foil（箔）that could defend itself against rough weather conditions．That foil would be fastened to metals，which would also collect rainwater．The building would also feature an indoor jungle, creating its microclimate．
小題1:What’s the purpose of designing “The Ark,?” 

A．To prevent flood happening．	B．To draw the public’s attention
C．To secure people from flood．	D．To attract more tourists．

小題2:Which of the following might be the shortest time to make the parts of "The Ark”?

A．14 months．

B．3 months．

C．4 months．

D．7 months．

小題3:What is the main difference between the hotel designed by Ale Remizov and other hotels?

A．It can be built on water．	B．It is energy-efficient．
C．It is eco-friendly．	D．It has enough living space．

小題4:What characteristics will the new hotel have?

A．A climate with no rain will form around the hotel．

B．The material can protect the hotel from bad weather．

C．A power station will be built in the hotel．

D．Bricks will be used as the materials instead of glass．

My students often tell me that they don’t have “enough time” to do all their schoolwork．
My reply is often a brief “You have as much time as the president．”I usually carry on a bit about there being twenty-four hours in the day for everyone, and suggest that “not enough time” is not an acceptable explanation of not getting something done．
Once in graduate school，I tried to prove to one of my professors by saying that I was working hard．His answer to me was． “That’s irrelevant（無(wú)關(guān)的）．What’s important is the quality of your work． ” Since then I have had time to think carefully about the “hard worker” dodge（訣竅），and I have come to some conclusions—all relevant to the problem of how much time we have．
If you analyze the matter, you can identify two parts of the prob1em：There is, of course，the matter of “time”, which we call think of as fixed． Then there is the problem of “work” during that time． But, as my professor suggested, it’s not how hard one works but the quality of the product that’s important．
That led me to a new idea: the quality of the work．That concept is perhaps best explained by a sign I once saw on the wall in someone s office: “Don't work harder． Work smarter．” There is a lot of sense in that idea．
If you can’t get more time，and few of US can，the only solution is to improve the quality of the work．That means thinking of ways to get more out of the same time than we might otherwise get．That should lead us to an analysis of our work habits．Since “work” for students usually means “homework”, the expression “work habits’ should be read as “study habits”．
Then, as a smart student，you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study, chiefly reading and writing． If you learn to read better and write better，there are big advantages that pay off in all your studies．
小題1:From the passage，we know that the author is probably      ．

A．a(chǎn) poet

B．a(chǎn)n educator

C．a(chǎn) novelist

D．a(chǎn)n engineer

小題2:We can infer from the 2nd paragraph that we students still      ．

A．have enough time	B．can meet the president
C．get everything done well	D．should accept the explanation

小題3:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

A．The author's students make good use of their time to do all their homework．

B．The author tried to tell the professor that he／she（the author） had done a good job．

C．You can’t improve the quality of the work if you can’t get more time．

D．You’11 try to improve your skills in reading and writing if you're a clever student．

小題4:What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Students don’t have enough time．	B．Don’t work harder; work smarter．
C．No one can get more time．	D．Read better and write better．

One day my math teacher asked me to help him save back-up copies of his work in the computer. I then realized I was able to   1  the grades for all of his classes. I showed him how to copy files from one disk to another and he   2  me.
A few days later he asked me to help him again, because he   3  how to do it. When I began to show this to him, some students in my class   4  and began to talk among themselves   6 . Later that day, at lunch time, I was   5  by several of them.
“Hey, could you help us change our grades in math? We’ll   7  you…”
I could not believe what I was hearing．I could get paid for something very   8 ．" All right．I'll do it．" The next day my math teacher   9  me to help him out．When he was not paying attention, I began to change their grades from F’s to A’s．
I soon became very   10  among my friends. They began to treat me like a god with a magical   11 . I began to change the grades of students．Word    12  quickly and I became very rich．
Everything was going fine    13  I was called into the headmaster's office．When I got there, my teacher was mad, and the headmaster had an angry   14   in his eyes．  "I have known you for three years now．I don't want to   15   what your teacher said, but I'm afraid that I must．He has too much   16  , " he said．" Do you have anything to say   17  yourself?" he asked．
"No．" I said finally．I did not realize how serious my actions had been．I had violated the   18  of my teacher, and the headmaster．And there was no way   19 ．I was forced to leave my school．
That was a good   20   for me．

小題1:	A．a(chǎn)ssess B． access C．mark D．change

小題2:	A．a(chǎn)ccepted B．supported C．guided D．thanked

小題3:	A．doubted B．reminded C．forgot D．remembered

小題4:	A．noticed B．hid C．a(chǎn)greed D．complained

小題5:	A．disappointedly B．quietly C．a(chǎn)ngrily D．freely

小題6:	A．a(chǎn)ppointed B．a(chǎn)ppreciated C．a(chǎn)pproved D．a(chǎn)pproached

小題7:	A．follow B．pay C．inspire D．praise

小題8:	A．simple B．interesting C．familiar D．pleasant

小題9:	A．encouraged B．got C．forced D．a(chǎn)dvised

小題10:

A．optimistic B．grateful C．popular D．sensitive

小題11:

A．power B．strength C．energy D．right

小題12:

A．slipped B．spread C．escaped D．fled

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)fter B．since C．until D．a(chǎn)s

小題14:

A．look B．light C．sight D．feeling

小題15:

A．influence B．ignore C．oppose D．believe

小題16:

A．experience B．confidence C．evidence D．pressure

小題17:

A．to B．by C．of D．for

小題18:

A．trust B．intention C．promise D．honor

小題19:

A．in B．on C．down D．back

小題20:

A．story B．skill C．lesson D．example

One of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might some day get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.
Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That contributes to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (認(rèn)知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents---and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component(成份) and that play in nature develop leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.
Kids are not to blame. They are overprotected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from time to time, but much stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood process of passage.
Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoorsy citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that strengthen love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.
小題1:According to the passage, children without experiencing nature will______

A．keep a high sense of wonder

B．be over-protected by their parents

C．be less healthy both physically and mentally

D．change wild places and creatures for the better

小題2:According to the author, children’s breaking an arm is_____

A．the fault on the part of their parents

B．the natural experience in their growing up

C．the result of their own carelessness in play

D．the effect of their repetitive stress from computers

小題3:In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to______

A．blame children for getting lost in computer games

B．encourage children to protect parks from encroachment

C．show his concern about children’s lack of experience in nature

D．inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things around

The Internet has _______(16) effects on our lives.
The first is its value for people who are looking for information. When people are _____________(17)information ,from weather forecasts to __________(18)research, the Internet is now the first place that many people ___________(19).With the ___________(20) of a button or the click of a mouse , a student can _______________(21)knowledge from the information held in the largest libraries and museums in the world .
Another truly wonderful __________(22)of the Internet is the way people use it to build social ties. One of the greatest ________(23)of Internet friendships is that they are ________________(24)common interests, rather than appearance, age or popularity. Young people from different _________(25)and different countries can form lifelong friendships.
The Internet also has its negative effects on our lives.
The ___________(26)  is that it is difficult to _________(27) whether the information is true and accurate. The __________(28) of false information on the Internet becomes more of a problem every day . This is very __________(29)because people can write anything they want,and we cannot always tell if the information is true or not .
Another disadvantage of the Internet is that it is affecting people’s ________(30)lives. As the Internet has gained ________(31),there has been a change in the way people spend their time. Now ,________(32)spending time together in the evenings, some families spend their time ______(33)because one or more members are using the computer. ________(34) some young people spend so much time ______(35)computer games and using the Internet that they have become addicted to computer games.

小題1:	A．negative B．positive C．creative D．a(chǎn)ggressive

小題2:	A．in need of B．in face of C．in charge of D．in honour of

小題3:	A．scientific B．biological C．a(chǎn)cademic D．techonological

小題4:	A．turn to B．point to C．refer to D．leader to

小題5:	A．catch B．order C．give D．touch

小題6:	A．a(chǎn)cquire B．have C．require D．win

小題7:	A．field B．a(chǎn)rea C．a(chǎn)spect D．way

小題8:	A．interest B．benefits C．profits D．kinds

小題9:	A．concentrated on B．devoted to C．a(chǎn)bandoned to D．based on

小題10:

A．backgrounds B．families C．societies D．groups

小題11:

A．a(chǎn)dvantages B． disadvantages C．shortages D．shortcomings

小題12:

A．guess B．judge C． suppose D．think

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)mount B．quantities C． numbers D．total

小題14:

A．handsome B．troublesome C．quarrelsome D．fearsome

小題15:

A．private B．public C．state D．personal

小題16:

A．permission B．defence C．popularity D．occupation

小題17:

A．rather than B．instead of C．in exchange for D．in spite of

小題18:

A．a(chǎn)side B．a(chǎn)part C．a(chǎn)lone D．a(chǎn)broad

小題19:

A．In fact B．In case C．In turn D．In all

小題20:

A．play B．playing C．to play D．played

What will man be like in the future—in 5000 or even 50, 000 years from now? We can only make guesses, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today, for man is slowly changing all the time.
Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago , was shorter than he is today. Now, on average,  men are about three inches taller. Five hundred years is a relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the modem world we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the brain’ s capacity(容量). As time goes on , however , we shall have to use our brains more and more,  and eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too: the head, in particular the forehead, will grow larger. Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact , we use them so much that very often they become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time it is likely that man’ s eyes will grow stronger.
On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however , our fingers will grow more sensitive（敏感的） because they are used a great deal in modern life.
But what about hair? This will probably disappear from the body altogether in course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer. In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not be a very attractive creature to look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of all these changes, future man will still have a lot in common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions similar to our own. …
小題1:The passage mainly tells us that _______.

A．man’s life will be different in the future.

B．future man will look quite different from us.

C．man is growing taller and uglier as time passes.

D．human’s organs’ functions will become weak “

小題2:The change in man’s size of forehead will probably be because ___________.

A．he makes use onIy20% of the brain’s capacity.

B．his brain has grown larger over the past centuries.

C．the other 80% of his brain will grow in due time

D．he will use his brain more and more as time goes on :

小題3:What will be true about a human being in the future?

A．He will be hairless because hair is no longer useful.

B．He will have smaller eyes and will wear better glasses.

C．His fingers will grow weaker because he won’t have to make use of them.

D．He will think and feel in a different way.

小題4:It is implied that ________.

A．human beings will become less attractive in the future

B．less use of a bodily organ may lead to its degeneration(退化,)

C．human beings hope for a change in the future life

D．future life is always predictable

THE WAY TO READ FAST
Perhaps you have been told about some habits（習(xí)慣） which stop a person reading fast、and have been strongly asked to break those habits which you might have.
Do you still have any of these bad habits7 Check yourself by answering "yes" or "no" to
these questions:
1. Do you move your lips(嘴唇) when reading silently？
2. Do you point to words with your finger as you read?
3. Do you move your head from side to side as you read?
4. Do you read one word at a time?
If you answer "yes" to any of these questions, start at once to break the habit.
If you move your lips, hold your fingers over them, or hold a piece of paper between your lips while you are reading. Then if your lips move, you will know it and can stop them.
If you point to words, hold the two sides of your book, one side with your left hand, the other side with your right hand. Then you will not have a free finger to use in pointing while reading.
If you move your head, place your chin（下巴）in one hand, and hold your head still(不動(dòng)地，靜止地).
If you read no more than one or two or three words at a time, you need to work very hard in learning to take in more words at each glance(看一眼) as your eyes travel across the lines of words.
小題1:You may hold your fingers over your lips while reading       

A．to hold a piece of paper between them

B．to stop yourself talking to others

C．to tell others to be silent

D．to feel whether y our lips move or not

小題2:When your eyes travel across the lines of words,        

A．you need to read the words out

B．you need to look at every word carefully

C．you need to read several words at a time

D．you need to remember every word

小題3:When you read,        

A．don’t use your finger to point to words

B．don’t hold your books with your hands

C．don’t hold your head still

D．don’t do any of the things mentioned(提到)above.