B
A new study has claimed that men really are more intelligent than women . The study concluded that men’s IQs are almost four points higher than women’s.
British-born researcher John Philippe Rushton says the finding could explain why so few women make it to the top in the workplace.
The Oxford University reached his conclusion after Scrutinizing the results of university ability tests taken by 100,000 students aged 17 and 18 of both sexes.
A focus on the factors such as the ability to quickly grasp a complex concept , verbal reasoning skills(語言推理能力) and creativity—some of the key factors of intelligence ---showed the male teenagers had IQs that were an average of 3.63 points higher. The average person has an IQ around 100 . The findings , which held true for all classes and levels of education , overturn 100-year opinion that men and women average the same in general mental ability. They also conflict（沖突） with evidence that girls do better in school exams than boys.
But Professor Rushton argues that the faster maturing（成熟） of girls leads to them outshining boys in the classroom .
46. The report is mainly about________.
A. a study that shows men are clever than women   B. the “glass ceiling “phenomenon
C. Professor Ruston’s theory on IQ              D. the difference between male and female
47. The underlined word “Scrutinizing” in the fourth paragraph probably means__________.
A. making up      B. carrying out   C. examining carefully   D. looking at
48. The tests were taken by _________.
A. boy students aged 17 and 18.          B. 100,000 boy and girl students aged 17 and 18
C. girl students aged 17 and 18           D. 100,000 girl students
49. We can infer that the average woman has an IQ of _________.
A. a little less than 100   B. 100    C. more than 100    D. 96.37
50. Which of the following opinions does Professor Rushton NOT accept?
A. Men’s IQs are almost four points higher than women’s
B. Few women make it to the top in the workplace.
C. Men and women average the same in general mental ability .
D. The faster maturing of girls leads to them outshining boys in the classroom.

  Language is always changing. In a society where life continues year after year with few changes, the language does not change, either. The earliest known languages had difficult grammar but a small, limited vocabulary. Over the century, the grammar changed, and the vocabulary grew. For example, the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth century gave names to all new plants and animals they found. In this way, hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies. Today life is changing very fast, and language is changing fast too.
 There are several major language families in the world. Some scientists say there are nine main families, but other scientists divide them differently. The languages in each family are connected, and scientists think that they came from the same parent language About 3 percent of the people in the world speak languages that are not in these major families.
60. The early language had ______.
A. a lot of problems                                      B. words and easy grammar
C. words but no grammar                                    D. grammar but not many words
61. In the next few hundred years we can expect language to ______.
A. stay exactly the same                             B. change a great deal
C. change only a little                                  D. add more words and drop some grammar
62. What this article shows is that ______.
A. languages change fast             B. languages really don’t want to change
C. language changes with changes of society     D. Spanish and English change
63. From this article we can see that ______.
A. language can change very slowly or very quickly
B. if we don’t change, then our language won’t change, either
C. we should give our plants new names
D. English and Spanish are the only languages that have changes

B
We each have a memory. That’s why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do them again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear, remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.
41.Some people can easily learn many things by heart because        
A．they always sleep very well           B．they often eat good food
C．they read a lot of books                 D．they have very good memories
42.Everybody learns his mother language                  .
A．a(chǎn)t the age of six                              B．when he is a small child
C．a(chǎn)fter he goes to school                   D．when he can read and write
43.Before a child can speak, he must                        .
A．read and write                              B．make sentences
C．hear and remember the sounds              D．think hard
44.In school the pupils can’t learn a foreign language well because
A．they have no good memories         B．they have no recorders
C．they have too much time for it              D．they are busy with other subjects
45.Your memory will become better and better                 .
A．if you have plenty of good food          B．if you do more and more exercises
C．if you do morning exercises every day    D．if you get up early

E
Thousands of people in the world are a hundred years old－or more and certain parts of the world are famous for the long lives of their inhabitants: the Vilacamba Valley in Ecuador, and the home of the Hunzas in the Himalayas．
Why do so many people live to a healthy old age in certain parts of the world? What is the secret of their long lives? Three things seem to be very important: fresh air, fresh food and a simple way of life．People work near their homes in the clean mountain air instead of travelling long distances to work by bus, car or train．They do not sit all day in busy offices or factories, but work hard outdoors in the fields．They take more exercise and eat less food than people in the cities of the West．For years the Hunzas of the Himalayas did not need policemen, lawyers or doctors．There was no crime, no divorce and not much illness in their society． They were a happy, peaceful people, famous all over India for their long, healthy lives．
Do you want to live to a hundred years old? Here are some rules for success．Firstly, choose your parents and grandparents carefully．If they lived or live to a good old age, so will you．Secondly, live in the right place．Thirdly, choose the right  kind of job．Doctors, dentists and bus-drivers die young．Farmers, priests and orchestral conductors live much longer．If you are in the wrong kind of job, you can still improve your way of life．
An old man in the Caucasus was talking about his past life．"I was young then," he said, as he described his 87th year．His secret was: "Think young and stay young．" An old woman from Missouri, USA, gave this advice, "Drink a little whisky and some warm beer every day．" An English lady just said, "Take a cold bath every morning．" The shortest, simplest piece of advice came from Mr．Jim Chapman, aged 103．"Just keep breathing," he told reporters．
72．Who is most likely to live a long life?
A．A doctor．   B．A bus-driver．   C．A dentist．   D．An orchestral conductor．
73．We can see from the passage that long-lived people avoid ____．
A．working hard             B．drinking
C．eating too much            D．taking cold baths
74．The passage indicates that we can change our _____to live a long life．
A．jobs    B．places of living   C．ways of living   D．ways of thinking
75．What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph?
A．Whose advice is the best．
B．Who is the most long-lived person in the world．
C．Lifestyles of long-lived people．
D．How long-lived people think of their life．

第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題，每小題2分，滿分30分）.
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
 A
Scholars and researchers have tried to discover what personality characteristics go along with success in intercultural experiences. Their findings have often been unclear or incomplete. But three characteristics stand out in their reports: patience, a sense of humor, and the awareness of being unclear. 
Patience, of course, is the ability to keep calm even when things do not go as one wants them to, or hopes they will, or has even been sure they will. Impatience sometimes brings improvements in relations with other people, but usually it does not. 
A person with a sense of humor is less likely to take things too seriously and more ready to see the humor in his own reactions than a humorless person. The value of a sense of humor really needs to be paid more attention to. “The awareness of being unclear” is a more difficult concept than patience or a sense of humor. Foreigners often find themselves in situations that are unclear to the newcomers. That is, they do not know what is happening in the situation. Perhaps they do not understand the local language well enough, or they do not know how some system or organization works, or they can’t be sure of different people’s roles in what is going on. “It’s like I just got here from the moon,” a Chinese graduate student who newly arrived in the United States said, “things are just so different here. ”
56. The passage mainly tells us_____. 
A. some problems about communication.                
B. humor- an important thing in communication. 
C. some characteristics in communicating with foreigners. 
D. three useful ways of communicating with foreigners. 
57. From the third paragraph, we can infer that a humorous person_____. 
A. tends to treat everything carelessly              B. is optimistic about things.
C. likes making fun of others.                    D. is an impatient one .
58. The underlined part “The awareness of being unclear” refers to “_______”. 
A. knowing the meaning of an exact situation.    B. not stating clearly what happens. 
C. realizing the possible misunderstanding           D. being aware of the unclear situations. 
59. What can we know from the passage?
A. It is necessary to learn a language before you go abroad. 
B Americans are used to the culture of other countries. 
C. Patience usually improves the relationship with others. 
D. To live in a foreign land, one should get fully prepared. 

D
The future of agriculture must achieve several goals at the same time.
First, it now appears that we will have to double world food production in the next 40 years due to population growth, increasing meat consumption and pressure from biofuels (生物燃料). We will also have to reduce the environmental impacts from our farming practices, which have caused widespread damage to soils, ecosystems, waters and even the atmosphere. In fact, agriculture’s impacts are as bad as climate change as an environmental concern. Besides, we will have to improve food security for the world’s poor. While the Green Revolution of the 1960s made it possible to feed hundreds of millions more people than in earlier eras, the number of the under-nourished in the world has started to rise again. Finally, we will have to increase the recovering ability of agriculture from shocks. Today, our high-efficiency, globalized world has many benefits, but it is vulnerable (易受傷的) to destruction, whether from droughts, diseases or sudden price rises. We must start building better food systems to better keep us away from future shocks.
Currently, there are two models of agriculture: local and organic agriculture vs. globalized and industrialized agriculture. Each has been strongly supported and severely criticized, but neither of these models, standing alone, can fully meet our needs.
Organic agriculture teaches us important lessons about soils, nutrition and pest management. Unfortunately, organic food provides less than 1% of the world’s calories, mostly to the wealthy. It is hard to imagine organic farming developing to feed 9 billion. Globalized and industrialized agriculture has benefits of high output and low labor demands. Without it, billions of people would have starved. However, it has come with enormous environmental and social costs, which cannot be sustained.
Rather than voting for just one solution, we need a third way to solve the crisis. Let’s take ideas from both sides, creating new, hybrid solutions that increase production, save resources and build a more sustainable agriculture.
There are many promising avenues to pursue. A new “third way” for agriculture is not only possible but also necessary. Our problems are huge, and they will require everyone at the table, working together toward solutions.
53. How many goals of agriculture are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three           B. Four            C. Five             D. Six
54. Which is true according to the passage?
A. Organic agriculture can feed most people in the world now.
B. Industrialized agriculture does no harm to our environment.
C. Modern farming is criticized while organic farming is not.
D. The future agriculture can’t only depend on organic agriculture.
55. We can learn from the passage that _______.
A. everyone can afford to enjoy organic food at will
B. we will vote to decide which farming system to take
C. the writer is quite optimistic about future agriculture
D. only experts can find a better agricultural solution
56. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Organic Agriculture Vs. Industrialized Agriculture.          
B. The Goals of Future Agriculture and Its Way Out.      
C. A Third Possible and Necessary Way for Agriculture.
D. Modern Globalized and Industrialized Agriculture.

C
　　A scientist who developed a way to calculate(計算) how much water is used in the produciton of anything form a cup of coffee to a hamburger was awarded the 2008 Stockholm Water Prize.
　　Professor John Anthony Allan of the University of London in Britain won the award for introducing the idea of "virtual water(虛擬水)",a calculation method that has changed the nature of trade policy and research.
　　Allan has written seven books and published more than 100 papers.
　　The Stockholm International Water Institute said this idea is now embedded(埋藏) in the production of foods and industrial products.The institute said Allan's work had made a big effect on global trade policy and research,especially in water - scarce(缺水) regions.
　　"The improved understanding of trade and water management issues on local,regional and global scales are of the highest value for the successsful and sustainable(可持續(xù)的) use of water resources,"it said.
　　"People do not only use water when they drink it or take a shower,"the institute said. "Behind the morning cup of coffee,there are 140 liters of water that was used to grow,produce,package and ship the beans."That is about as much water as a person in England uses on average for all daily drinking and household needs.
　　"For a single hamburger,about 2,400 liters of water are needed.In te USA ,the average person uses nearly 7,000 liters of virtual water every day" It said that was more than three times the average use of a Chinese person.
　　64.Allan was awarded the prize because ______.
　　　A.he wrote seven books on trade policy
　　　B.he published more than 100 papers on water management
　　　C.he found a new kind of water in water - scarce areas
　　　D.he came up with the idea of virtual water
　　65.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
　　　A.The average American uses about 7,000 liters of water a day.
　　　B.The average Chinese uses nearly 2,300 liters of virtual water a day.
　　　C.An Englishman usually drinks about 140 liters of coffee a day.
　　　D.A hamburger usually contains about 2,400 liters of water.
　　66.What effect does the idea of virtual water have?
　　　A.It helps us realize the importance of trade.
　　　B.It helps people do successful business.
　　　C.It helps us make use of water scientifically.
　　　D.It tells us how much water we use a day.
　　67.What does the underlined word "it" in the last paragraph refer to?
　　　A.The University of London.
　　　B.The calculation method.
　　　C.The Stockholm International Water Institute.
　　　D.The trade policy and research.

C
"Reduce, reuse and recycle, this familiar environmentalist slogan tells us how to reduce the amount of rubbish that ends up in landfills and waterways.
The concept is being used to deal with one possibly dangerous form of waste –--- electronic junk (電子垃圾), such as old computers, cell-phones, and televisions. But this process for managing e-waste may be used in an unscrupulous（不擇手段的） way more often than not used, a recent report suggests.
“A lot of these materials are being sent to developing nations under the excuse of reuse –--- to bridge the digital divide,” said Richard Gutierrez, a policy researcher.
One of the problems is that no one proves whether these old machines work before they hit the seaways. Because of this, the report says, e-waste is a growing problem in Lagos, Nigeria, and elsewhere in the developing world. Much of the waste ends up being thrown away along rivers and roads. Often it’s picked apart by poor people, who may face dangerous exposure to poisonous chemicals in the equipment.
Businessmen also pay workers a little money to get back materials such as gold and copper. This low-tech recovery process could expose workers and the local environment to many dangerous materials used to build electronics. According to Gutierrez, this shadow economy exists because the excuse of recycling and reusing electronics gives businessmen “a green passport” to ship waste around the globe. “Developing nations must take upon some of the responsibility themselves,” Gutierrez said. But, he added, “A greater portion of this responsibility should fall on the exporting state.”
China, for example, has become a dumping（傾倒，堆放） place for large amounts of e-waste. The nation is beginning to take action to stop the flow of dangerous materials across its borders. The Chinese government, after many years of denial（否認）, is finally beginning to take the lead.
70．What does the fourth paragraph mainly discuss?
A. Old computers and TVs still work before they are sent abroad.
B. Poor people break up e-waste to collect some valuable materials.
C. A lot of e-waste is dumped in developing countries.
D. The problem of e-waste is growing in developing countries.
71．From what Gutierrez said we can learn that ________.
A. exporting countries should mainly be responsible for this problem.
B. neither rich nor poor countries should be blamed for this problem
C. developing countries should be responsible for this problem
D. poor countries should be blamed for this problem
72．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.
A. China has hidden a large amount of e-waste in many secret places
B. China has greatly changed the idea about the problem of e-waste
C. China has prevented poisonous materials from entering China for a long time
D. China is falling behind other countries in dealing with e-waste
73．The passage mainly tells us that _______.
A. developing countries are facing serious environmental problems
B. e-waste is a growing problem in developed countries
C. e-waste is sent to developing countries under the excuse of reuse
D. developing countries are making full use of e-waste

E
Is early childhood education really necessary? Early childhood education primarily focuses on learning through playing to develop the child’s physical, sensory, communicational and social development．Early childhood education has become a concern of the government, who pushes poor children to be formally trained before they are old enough for Kindergarten．
There are good reasons for the government to push early childhood education．Studies have shown that orphaned children who did not receive good care and education become developmentally delayed causing failure in school, and even in life．Further studies show that poor children who take part in Head Start programs are more prepared for school, less likely to end up in   
Special Education classes, and are less likely to receive public help or go to jail．
There are also negative parts to putting a child in formal education programs too early．Time Magazine online explains that “the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work．” I have personally witnessed many children of my generation who went to Head Start programs become frustrated and bored with school before they finished high school．Yet parents have been sure that the earlier the child starts school, the better off he or she is, so they push to start children earlier．
Actually while early formal education of poor children does show great gains in the early elementary years, studies also show that this head start is really a “false start”, as the gains are lost in middle and high school years．It seems that environment is a bigger factor on life’s success than early education．Head Start programs have not achieved its original goal in closing the achievement gap in poor and middle school children．Perhaps it is time to find other ways to close that gap．
71．The purpose of the government valuing the early childhood education is ________．
A．to develop the children’s communication
A．to give orphaned children good care and education
C．to get the children prepared for the kindergarten
D．to train the children formally and regularly
72．According to the studies, which of the following is True?
A．Children with good early education may have a rich life．
B．The orphaned children are usually unhappy in their life．
C．Children without early education can do well at school．
D．Head Start programs are helpful to the poor children．
73．“the younger the child the less his chances of catching up with first-grade work．” suggests that _________．
A．the early childhood education is helpless to the child’s grade
B．it is good for the young children to receive early education
C．the early education can help the children follow the grade
D．the younger the children are, the cleverer they will be
74 The author’s attitude toward the early childhood education is _________．
A．puzzling       B．objective      C．indifferent    D．a(chǎn)pproving
75．The main idea of the last passage is that __________．
A．the early childhood education is very necessary
B．Head Start programs have helped the children a lot
C．environment is the most important to life’s success
D．better ways should be found to help the poor children

Ⅲ 閱讀（共兩節(jié)。滿分40分）
閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word cold. For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions. People who show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to be cold-blooded. Cold-blooded people act in merciless ways. They may do brutal things to others, and not by accident. For example, a newspaper says the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer. The killer murdered someone, not in self-defense. He seemed to kill for no reason, and with no emotion, as if taking someone’s life meant nothing. Cold can affect other parts of the body. The feet, for example. Heavy socks can warm your feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression -- to get cold feet -- that has nothing to do with cold or your feet.
The expression means being afraid to do something you had decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being president when you understand the situation.
Cold can also affect your shoulder. You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them. You treat them in a distant, cold way. The expression probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face-to-face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you. Or, to someone who has lied about you to others.
A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone.
Out in the cold is an expression often heard. It means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise, that he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be.
41. The passage is intended to tell us that______.
A. cold weather has a great effect on human bodies
B. many English expressions contain the word cold
C. cold is a word closely linked with human emotions
D. the word cold has many different meanings in English
42. The underlined word brutal in paragraph 1 most probably means _______.
A. impolite      B. illegal      C. cruel          D. extreme
43. Which of the following expressions can best describe a person who is unwilling to offer anything to others?
A. Cold-blooded.                 B. To get cold feet.
C. A cold shoulder.                D. A cold fish.
44. You can say Tom ______ if the teacher gives all the boys except him a pen as a prize.
A. is given the cold shoulder
B. is left out in the cold
C. has got cold feet
D. is murdered by a cold-blooded killer
45. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ______.
A. all the expressions containing the word cold have a negative meaning
B. all the expressions containing the word cold have something to do with cold
C. People who show no human emotions or feelings have cold blood
D. Many parts of the human body can be badly affected by cold.