The history of nomenclature (命名) in Britain is so old that no one knows the beginning of the story. Since written history began， people have had names. It is therefore impossible to do more than guess at how the earliest given names were chosen. Most names appear to have had some sort of original meaning， usually descriptive， rather than being simply a pleasing collection of sounds.
These descriptive names developed both from nouns and adjectives. The Irish Gaelic people  used descriptive nouns and adjectives which were meaningful. Early in prehistory some descriptive names began to be used again and again until they formed a name pool for that particular culture. Parents would choose names from the pool of existing names rather than invent new ones for their children.
With the rise of Christianity (基督教)， Christians were encouraged to name their children after the holy people of the church. These early Christian names can be found in many cultures today， in various forms. The pool of names in use in England changed basically after the Norman came in 1066. Then French names of Germanic origin became popular within three generations. As a result names like Emma， Matilda， Richard， and William， became common in English nomenclature. At the same time a few Old English names， like Edward and Alfred remained because they were names of holy people or kings； others were kept because they were used with slight changes by Germanic names from the Normans like Robert.
Surnames developed from bynames， which are additional ones used to differentiate people with the same given name.  These bynames fall into particular patterns.  These started out as specific  to a person and were taken down from father to son between the twelfth and sixteenth century. The noble usually used taken-down surnames early or the peasants did so later.
小題1:We can infer from the text that　　　　.

A．the first given names had not any actual meanings

B．people probably had names when there was no written language

C．the history of nomenclature is shorter than written history

D．names began to be used long after there was written language

小題2: The underlined word “they” (in Para.3) refers to “　　　　”.

A．Old English names	B．other names
C．names of Germanic origin	D．names of holy people

小題3:According to the text， which of the following statements is TRUE？

A．Robert is a Germanic name from the Normans.

B．Church didn’t encourage nomenclature used in the church.

C．Names like Emma and William were the most popular in 1066.

D．Names like Edward and Alfred were French names of Germanic origin.

小題4: Give the right order of surname development in history.
(a)People used bynames to differ people with the same given names.
(b)People chose given names from the pool of existing names.
(c)Bynames started out as specific to a person.
(d)Surnames became popular with common people.
(e)Surnames were taken down from father to son in noble families.

A．b-a-e-c-d

B．a(chǎn)-b-c-d-e

C．a(chǎn)-b-c-e-d

D．b-a-c-e-d

小題5: Which group of words can best describe the development of British nomenclature？

A．Additional， Particular and Various

B．Meaningful， Christian and Foreign

C．Descriptive， Meaningful and Germanic

D．Old English-styled， Christian and Original

The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people’s work has taken the form of jobs. The industrial age may now be coming to an end, and some of changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed. This seems a discouraging thought. But, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. Universal employment, as its history show, hasn’t meant economic freedom.
Employment became widespread when the enclosures（圈地運動）of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by taking them away from the use of the land, and thus from the means to provide a living for themselves. Then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people’s homes. Later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people traveled longer distances to their place of employment until, eventually, many people’s work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they lived.
Meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. In pre-industrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. Now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wife. Tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm（準(zhǔn)則）today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between sexes.
It was not only women whose work status suffered. As employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were kept out — a problem now, as more teenagers disappointed and annoyed at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
All this may now have to change. The time has certainly come to switch some efforts and resources away from the utopian（烏托邦）goal of creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
小題1: From the passage we can learn that ____.

A．jobs have existed since human came into being

B．the industrial age brought jobs to everyone

C．the industrial age brought the work patterns most people’s work has taken

D．in the future more and more people could get jobs as the industry is developing

小題2:Before the enclosures of the 17^th and 18^th, people lived mainly on ____.

A．paid work

B．unpaid work

C．taxes and benefits

D．land

小題3:Before the industrial age women played ____.

A．more important roles in making a life	B．less important roles in making a life
C．roles as weak as after in raising their children	D．roles as important as men in supporting a family

小題4: From the passage we can infer that ____.

A．creating jobs for all must be changed

B．enough jobs must be created by our society

C．more and more jobs are being created

D．industrial age has made many people unable to live without full-time jobs

Many famous painters worked in Antwerp during the city’s period of greatest power but Peter Paul Rubens is undoubtedly the most famous one of them. Known as Rubens House, the palace-like residence(大宅) and studio where Rubens worked and lived from 1616 until his death in 1640 is now one of Antwerp’s most visited museums.
Almost all of the works Rubens and his students created in the Rubens House have been dispersed (分散) over major museums across the whole world, but there is still an impressive collection well worth the visit. Besides paintings form the master himself you will find other works of art and furniture of the 17th century as well as paintings from his students, including works by Jacob Jordaens and Anthony Van Dyck.
The Rubens House was not only a studio but also a meeting place for the rich and famous. His clients(委托人) included wealthy merchants, diplomats, and there were also many noblemen who often visited his studio to see how work progressed. The Rubens House even had a special viewing area which allowed visitors to see the artists at work.
Ruben bought the house at the beginning of the 17th century after his eight-year-long stay in Italy. Influenced by Italian architecture, he rebuilt the building into an Italian-styled palace with a beautiful garden and moved in the house in1616.
After his death the building was sold. New owners modified the building greatly and by 1937, when the building was purchased by the city of Antwerp, it hardly resembled the original structure.
The impressive entrance hall, which connected the studio and the residence, is one of the few parts that survived. Other parts have been carefully restored and reconstructed after original plans and paintings of the house.
小題1:As a museum, the Rubens House is popular because _______.

A．it lies in the famous city of Antwerp

B．it holds all the works by Rubens and his students

C．there are many people who enjoy visiting it

D．Rubens, a great artist, lived and worked there

小題2:We can learn from the third paragraph that _______.

A．the Rubens House was popular with upper-class people

B．the Rubens House was the best studio in its time

C．Rubens’s students included noblemen and diplomats

D．people were not allowed to view the artists working

小題3:What can be inferred from the text?

A．Thanks to its great painters, Antwerp became a rich city.

B．Ruben possibly showed strong interest in Italian buildings.

C．Antwerp must be a historical city in Italy.

D．The Rubens House was completely rebuilt before 1937.

小題4:Which of the following is TRUE, according to the text?

A．Rubens created his works by working with his students.

B．A beautiful garden was added to the Rubens House by new owners.

C．The Rubens House is decorated with furniture of the 17th century.

D．Today’s Rubens House looks like its original structure.

Accidents happen, but when they destroy the delicate balance of nature and cause the whole world to suffer, they become disasters, and we  should do all we can to prevent them from happening again.
Bhopal chemical leak, December 1984, Bhopal, India
An explosion in the Union Carbide chemical plant in Bhopal, India, released a deadly gas called methyl (甲基) isocyanate(異氰鹽酸), which is used to make pesticides. The gas formed a cloud that killed 2500 people; another 50000- 100000 people became ill. Trees and plants in the area became yellow and brittle. The explosion was caused by a mechanical failure that was not noticed in time to stop it.
Exxon Valdez oil spill, March 1989, Alaska, U.S.
On March 24, 1989, 11 million gallons of crude oil spilled into Prince William Sound from the tanker Exxon Valdez when its hull hit a reef and tore open. The oil, which is not yet cleaned up after billions of dollars have been spent and the millions of birds, fish, and other wildlife have died, was caused by human error and could have been avoided.
Chernobyl, April 1986, USSR
At 1:23 A.M. on Saturday, April 26, 1986, the reactor blew at nuclear power plant in Chernobyl, ripping open the core, blowing the roof off the building, starting more than 30 fires, and allowing radioactive material to leak into the air. Some 31 people were killed and 200 people were treated for radiation poisoning. Still at risk are 135000 people from the 179 villages within 20 miles, of the plant who were exposed to the radiation before being evacuated. Glaring violations of safety rules were at the bottom of this tragic event.
Love Canal, 1953, New York, U.S.
Love Canal, a small town in upstate New York near Niagara Falls, was destroyed by waste from chemical plants. Beginning in 1947, chemical companies could legally dump their waste products into the canal. The area developed a foul smell, trees lost their bark, and leaves fell throughout the year. A health survey found that the drinking water contained excessive levels of 82 industrial chemicals, 7 of which were thought to cause cancer. The people of Love Canal had an unusually high rate of cancer and birth defects. Eventually, many of the houses had to be abandoned. Today, the town has been partly cleaned up and some families have moved back to the area.
Three Mile Island, 1979, Pennsylvania, U.S.
On March 28, 1979, the worst accident in U.S. nuclear reactor history occurred at the Three Mile Island power station, near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. No one was killed, and very little radioactivity was released into the air when coolant (the fluid that keeps a machine cool) escaped from the reactor core due to a combination of mechanical failure and human error. After 10 years and $ 1 billion in cleanup costs, the lower extremes of the reactor are still so radioactive that workers must use remote - control equipment to remove the remaining fragment of fuel core.
小題1:This passage mainly discusses_______.

A．a(chǎn)ccidents that affected many living things

B．a(chǎn)ir pollution

C．water pollution

D．what people are doing to prevent environmental disasters

小題2:You can infer from the passage that the Bhopal Chemical leak_______.

A．happen at night	B．was the worst accident in the history of India
C．caused more deaths than sicknesses	D．could have been avoided

小題3: It can be inferred from the passage that the people in Love Canal_______.

A．didn’t know that chemical companies were dumping waste products into the canal

B．didn’t know that their water was becoming dangerous to drink

C．tried to stop companies from dumping their waste products into the canal

D．didn’t mind that chemical companies were dumping waste products into the canal

小題4:The best title for the article is ________.                                                                       A. Accidents in Some Countries    B. Disasters in Some Countries
C. Our Earth Is Out of Control         D How to Prevent Accidents from Happening Again

When it comes to hard, noisy traveling, we’ve found that sometimes we’d rather read about it than actually go. Here are some bestsellers for armchair travelers.
The Station by Robert Byron. In 1928, the 22-year-old man made a journey to Mount Athos, resulting in one of the best travel books ever written, matched only by Byron’s own, much more famous The Road to Osciana.
In Darkest Africa by Henry Monton Stanley. It’s about his great efforts to save an unlucky German doctor Eduard Schnitzer, who had no desire to be rescued at all.
A Traveler’s Alphabet: Partial Memoirs by Sir Steven Runciman. A to Z and around the world. He provides priceless information of long-gone princesses, priests, and places.
South: A Memoir of the Endurance Voyage by Sir Ernest Shackleton. As the planet started the global war, Shackleton and his brave group of explorers made an unsuccessful but heroic journey to cross Antarctica from 1914 to 1917.
The Michelin Red Guide: France 2005 Reading through this final listing of all the nice hotels and wonderful restaurants in France is better than going there, listening to Chirac talk about the poisonous American culture, and spending the price of this book for a tiny cup of tea and a cookie the size of your thumb.
The Past Is a Foreign Country by David Lowenthal. This great book of an armchair exploration tells us what has happened in the past and shows the relationship between us and the past travelers.
小題1:This passage is written            .
A. to warn readers against traveling     
B. as an introduction to famous travelers
C to sell more books about travels
D. to tell people where to travel
小題2:The underlined phrase “armchair travelers” in the first paragraph refers to those who                .

A．like to read about travels instead of travel themselves

B．find fun teaching others how to travel to other places

C．like to write about their strange traveling experiences

D．can only travel with special equipment for the disabled

小題3: which of the books has a very low price according to the passage?

A．A Traveler’s Alphabet: Partial Memoirs.

B．South: A Memoir to the Endurance Voyage.

C．The Michelin Red Guide: France 2005.

D．The Past Is a Foreign Country.

小題4:What can we learn from the passage?

A．Henry Monton Stanley, was saved by a German doctor in Africa.

B．In his book, Lowenthal focuses more on history than the present.

C．It took Shackleton and his men 3 years to cross Antarctica.

D．The Station is no more famous than The Road to Osciana.

As De Witt Wallace lay in bed recovering from injuries that he unfortunately came by in World War I, he found there was a wealth of interesting information to read. Realizing few people would have the time to get through all this information, he knew exactly what to do. In 1920, this young American submitted a sample magazine containing shortened articles to publishers across America. However, all turned him down.
Undeterred, De Witt and his new bride Lila Bell Acheson published the first issue of Reader’s Digest in February 1922. Working from home, the Wallaces printed 5,000 copies, which were sold by mail to 1,500 people and priced at 25 cents. From these humble beginnings grew the world’s most widely–read magazine.
The magazine became popular and, by 1935, sales topped one million. In 1938, the first international edition was published in the United Kingdom. During World War Ⅱ, editions were published for the first time in Latin America and Sweden. After the war Reader’s Digest moved into Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Norway, South Africa and Switzerland. In 1950, Reader’s Digest published its shortened Books (now known as Select Editions in Australia). In 1959, music, the first non–print product line, was introduced. In 1962, Reader’s Digest revolutionized direct mail by introducing easy–to–enter Sweepstakes and a year later the first Reader’s Digest general book was published. In 1986, video was added to the Reader’s Digest product line.
In 1973, the Wallaces gave up active management of Reader’s Digest. De Witt died in 1981, aged 91; Lila in 1984, aged 94. With no heirs(繼承人) to the Wallace empire to take control, Reader’s Digest became a public company in the early 1990s and is now headed by a Chief Executive Office and Chairman of the Board.
小題1:What is the purpose of De Witt Wallace creating the earliest magazine?

A．To become wealthy.	B．To offer people information.
C．To heal the wounds from the war.	D．To turn down uninteresting stories.

小題2:When did De Will make his first trial of the magazine?

A．Before World War I.

B．In 1920.

C．In 1922.

D．In 1935.

小題3:What is mainly talked about in the first two paragraphs?

A．The first issue of Reader’s Digest.

B．The first trial of De Witt Wallace’s dream.

C．De Witt Wallace’s character and marriage.

D．The humble beginnings of Reader’s Digest.

小題4:Which of the following is the right order for the history of Reader’s Digest?
a．The Select Edition came out.
b．The Wallaces retired from the management of Reader’s Digest.
c．The magazine sold over million copies.
d．The product line was improved by means of videos.
e．Editions in other languages were published.

A．c — e — a — b — d	B．e — a — c — b — d
C．c — e — a — d — b	D．a(chǎn) — c — e — d — b

小題5:What can be known about Reader’s Digest from the passage?

A．Reader’s Digest only published shortened or general books.

B．After World War ⅡReader’s Digest was published all over the world.

C．Reader’s Digest was first private–owned and later public–owned.

D．Reader’s Digest has always been headed by a Chief Executive Office

When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication．Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has emerged: the mobile phone．
The modern mobile phone is a more complex version of the two-way radio．Traditional two-way radio was a very limited means of communication．As soon as the users moved out of range of each other’s broadcast area, the signal was lost．In the 1940s, researchers began experimenting with the idea of using a number of radio masts （天線桿）located around to pick up signals from two-way radios．A caller would always be within range of one of the masts; when he or she moved too far away from one mast, the next mast would pick up the signal．（Scientists referred to each mast’s reception area as being a separate "cell"; this is why in．many countries mobile phones are called "cell phones"．）
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper．As soon as his invention was completed,, he tested it by calling another scientist to announce his success．Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public．They have changed the way we do a lot of things．One powerful feature is the Short Message Service （SMS） or text message．It’s the perfect communication method for the busy modern lifestyle．Going to be late? Send a text message! The text message has changed the way we write in English．The language construction became less strict．Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you’re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing "Will B 15mm late-C U @ the bar．（I will be 15 minutes late to see you at the
bar．） Sorry!"．
Over the last few years mobiles have become more and more advanced．We have seen the instruction of cameras, global positioning system and Internet access．
Alexander Graham Bell would be surprised if he could see how far the science of telephone has progressed in less than 150 years．If he were around today, he might say: "That’s gr8（great）! But I’m busy rite now（I am very busy right now）．Will call U2nite（I will call you tonight．）．"
小題1:The writing style of the passage is a （an）___．

A．narrative

B．description

C．essay

D．review

小題2:The article is intended to__     _．

A．warn people of the possible risks in using mobile phones

B．inform readers of the history and benefits of mobile phones

C．convince people of the uses of mobile phones

D．predict the applications of mobile phones

小題3:What do you think of the writer according to the last paragraph．

A．Humorous.

B．Ironic.

C．Kind.

D．Worried.

On December 8, 1980, John Lennon –an English musician who rose to fame as one of the founding members of Liverpool pop band The Beatles – was shot dead outside his New York apartment.
In the 1960s and 70s, Lennon was one of the most iconic（偶像的）men on the planet. Some 30 years ago on from his death, he is still respected by many people in the West.
The Beatles, formed in 1960 in Liverpool, were one of the most commercial successful acts on the history of pop music, with, according to some estimates, global record sales over 1.1 billion.
The band conveyed the progressive ideals in which many young people of the time believed.
In the 1960s and 70s, widespread tension developed in both British and American society, regarding issues such as women’s rights and the Vietnam War.
Lennon in particular became known for his message of peace and for his opposition to the war in Vietnam. This led to an attempt by former US president Richard Nixon to drive him away from the US. Lennon’s second-wife Yoko Ono was also politically active.
Lennon was also hugely admired for his musical abilities. Along with fellow-Beatle Paul, Lennon and McCartney were the Beatle’s song-writing team.
After Lennon was shot by crazy fan Mark Chapman，one of his most iconic songs, Imagine, became a humanist anthem(頌歌).
Lennon’s legacy survived his death and continued till this day. In 2008, he was ranked the fifth greater singer of all time in US-based Rolling Stone magazine.
Former possessions of Lennon or furnishings from his homes continue to be sold for vast sums.
In an auction(拍賣) to be held next week in London, lines written by Lennon on the back of a demand for an outstanding bill are expected to sell for ￡350,000(3.7 million yuan).
In August, a bathroom from his last home in Britain, was auctioned for ￡9,500. And in 2009, a British film describing his early years before the Beatles began, was one of the most successful films of the years in the UK.
But do Lennon and his music continue to resonate(共鳴) with the young people of today?
小題1: The passage is written here to show that Lennon has _______.

A．lasting appeal

B．long history

C．exciting records

D．great success

小題2:Which of the following is right about the Beatles according to the passage?

A．It was founded in the 1960s in London.

B．It had 1.1 billion sales in Britain.

C．It was commercially successful.

D．Many of today’s young people believe its ideals.

小題3:Lennon was forced to leave the US as a result of ________.

A．the tension between Britain and America	B．his wife’s political activity
C．his struggle for women’s rights	D．his opposition to the war in Vietnam

小題4:We can guess that the rest of the passage will tell us ________.

A．why Lennon and his music are still popular with today’s young people

B．why Lennon and his music spoil today’s generations of young people

C．that today’s generations of young people don’t like Lennon’s songs

D．that today’s generations of young people like Lennon’s songs better

Every year thousands of tourists visit Pompeii, Italy. They see the sights that Pompeii is famous for ― its stadium (露天大型運動場) and theatres, its shops and restaurants. The tourists do not, however, see Pompeii’s people. They do not see them because Pompeii has no people. No one has lived in Pompeii for almost 2000 years. Once, Pompeii was a busy city of 22000 people. It lay at the foot of Mount Vesuvius, a grass-covered volcano . Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt safe. But they were not.
In August of AD 79, Mount Vesuvius erupted. The entire top of the mountain exploded, and a huge black cloud rose into the air. Soon stones and hot ash began to fall on Pompeii. When the eruption ended two days later, Pompeii was buried under 20 feet of stones and ashes. Almost all of its people were dead.
For centuries, Pompeii lay buried under stone and ash. Then, in the year 1861, an Italian scientist named Ginseppe began to uncover Pompeii. Slowly, carefully, Ginseppe and his men dug. The city looked almost the same as it had looked in AD 79. There were streets and fountains（噴泉）, houses and shops. There was a stadium with 20000 seats. Perhaps the most important of all, there were everyday objects, which tell us a great deal about the people who lived in Pompeii. Many glasses and jars had some dark blue colour in the bottom, so we know that the people of Pompeii liked wine. They liked bread, too; metal bread pans were in every bakery. In one bakery there were 81 round, flat loaves of bread ― a type of bread that is still sold in Italy today. Tiny boxes filled with a dark, shiny powder tell us that women liked to wear eye makeup.
Ginseppe has died, but his work continues. One-fourth has not been uncovered yet. Scientists are still digging, still making discoveries that draw the tourists to Pompeii.
小題1:Why do large numbers of people come to Pompeii each year?

A．To visit the volcano	B．To shop and eat there
C．To watch sports and plays	D．To watch how Pompeiians lived

小題2:Why had so many Pompeiians remained by volcanic Mount Vesuvius?

A．The city nearby offered all kinds of fun.

B．The area produced the finest wine in Italy.

C．Few people expected the volcano to erupt again.

D．The mountain was beautiful and covered with grass.

小題3:Why did the city uncovered look almost the same as it had looked in AD 79?

A．Because Ginseppe and his men dug it slowly and carefully.

B．Because the city was buried alive and remained untouched.

C．Because scientists successfully rebuilt the city with everyday objects.

D．Because nobody had lived in the city ever since the volcano erupted.

小題4:What do we know about the Pompeiians who lived 2000 years ago?

A．They lived more or less the same as Italians now do.

B．They liked women wearing all kinds of makeup.

C．They enjoyed a good life with drinking and eating.

D．They went back to Pompeii after the eruption in AD 79.

閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卷上將該項涂黑。
C
This hotel in the trees is famous in the world. People, who know very little about Kenya, know of Treetops. When King George VI died, Princess Elizabeth was staying on the Treetops, and when she came down from there, “She succeeded him as the queen of the country”. This hotel in the middle of the forest shows the pleasure of Africa. When you visit it, you will be sent into the heart of the forest by hotel buses, and then a guide, with a gun to protect you against big game, will go with you to the Treetops. Before and after dinner, for the whole night if you wish, you can sit on the corridor (走廊), watching animals come to the water pool. The earliest hotel Treetops was built round a large tree on the opposite side of the water, but that was destroyed by fire and the new hotel Treetops, which is built round several trees, is much bigger.
The dining room at Treetops is small, and the waiters cannot walk round to serve guests, a clever “railway service” has been invented. Guests take their food as it passes slowly in front of them, along a line in the center of the table.
There are many animals around the Treetops. When you visit them, you can see:
— Animals and their babies are waiting to greet the guests.
— Animals, enjoying the Treetops pool in the daylight.
— A long bodied, long ring tailed very active cat-like animal is a special one coming out at night.
He hunts and eats anything he can overpower, and his teeth and claws can do you harm.  
— Some other animals that have a thick coating of fur to keep them warm in the cold forest nights.
— Many buffaloes (水牛) coming near to the Treetops for water and salt during the day or night.
小題1: In Paragraph One, “succeeded” means ______.

A．did what she was trying to do	B．gained her purpose
C．got a position on the death of the King	D．completed a difficult task

小題2: Which of the following description about “the cat-like animal” is NOT true?

A．It comes for food only at night.	B．It lives in the trees at Treetops.
C．Its teeth and claws can do people harm.	D．It can catch any other animal in the forest.

小題3:According to the passage. Treetops is famous in the world because ______.

A．it can show the pleasure of Americans living in Africa

B．Princess Elizabeth got to the crown when coming down from there

C．they are built round several trees to provide adventures for visitors

D．there are many animals that can be trained and become lovely pets

小題4:We can learn from the passage, that the guests ______.

A．should not play games on the Treetops	B．could enjoy their dinner as usual
C．could not sit on the corridor at night	D．should keep off the cat-like animals