Many women write to me perplexed(困惑的) about why they can't form close friendships.They try new approaches，put themselves in all the right places，see therapists，and read relevant self­help books.They consider themselves interesting，loyal，kind，and friend­worthy people.But for reasons unknown to them，they have a tough time forming intimate relationships.Many admit to not having even one close friend.
A recent study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology offers some clues as to how both nature(personality) and nurture (experience) impact our friendships.Researchers at the University of Virginia and University of Toronto，Mississauga studied more than 7,000 American adults between the ages of 20 and 75 over a period of ten years，looking at the number of times these adults moved during childhood.Their study，like prior ones，showed a link between residential mobility and adult well­being：The more  times participants moved as children，the poorer the quality of their adult social relationships.
But digging deeper，the researchers found that personality—specifically being introverted (內(nèi)向的) or extroverted (外向的)—could either intensify or buffer (緩沖) the effect of moving to a new town or neighborhood during childhood.The negative impact of more moves during childhood was far greater for introverts compared to extroverts.
“Moving a lot makes it difficult for people to maintain long­term close relationships，” stated Dr.Shigehiro Oishi，the first author of the study，in a press release from the American Psychological Association，“This might not be a serious problem for outgoing people who can make friends quickly and easily.Less outgoing people have a harder time making new friends.”
Families often have to relocate—across town，across the country，or across the globe.Yet，in many cases，their kids and young adolescents haven't yet built up a bank of friendships.So the conventional wisdom is to try to minimize moves for the sake of your child，whenever possible，and to move at the end of the academic year.
小題1:The passage is written mainly to ________.

A．offer advice to women on how to form intimate relationships

B．explain how nature and nurture impact our friendships

C．explain how moves during childhood affect children

D．tell us how to help children make friends

小題2:Which of the following is true according to the second paragraph?

A．People who moved less during childhood have better social relationships.

B．The more people moved during childhood，the more friends they have.

C．The more people moved during childhood，the better they adjust to society.

D．There is no link between residential mobility and adult well­being.

小題3:In order for children to maintain long­term close relationships，parents ________.

A．should not relocate their homes

B．should relocate their homes within the town

C．had better move at the end of the school year

D．had better move when their children couldn't build up a bank of friendships

小題4:We learn from the fourth paragraph that moves during childhood ________.

A．have a bigger impact on an introverted person compared to extroverts

B．have no impact on an outgoing person

C．a(chǎn)re a big problem for both introverts and extroverts

D．help children better adapt to a new environment

小題5:We can infer from the passage that ________.

A．our friendships are mainly affected by our nurture

B．we can move when children have made a lot of friends

C．the impact of moves will disappear when one reaches adulthood

D．there is some way to minimize the impact of moves during childhood on children

There are many things people do with their spare time.Have you ever thought about tuning(調(diào)音)your own piano for fun and profit？Are you a piano teacher or player who really does not want the expense of hiring a piano tuner and feels that you could do it yourself with a little training？Well，this is your lucky day.All you need are the right tools，a piano and patience.
So，why would I want to tune my piano？There are many reasons for tuning your own piano.
·It is a very pleasant thing to do.
·You can make up to  $80 each time tuning other people's pianos.
·There are millions of pianos in the world and thousands of new ones are being sold every day.There are not enough piano tuners available to tune them all.
·You can provide a valuable service for friends，family and others.
·You can teach yourself very cheaply and then develop it into a part­time or full­time business.
You may have thought that only a trained expert could do this，someone who had devoted years of study and developed a sense of perfect pitch(音高)．In the past，tuning a piano was as much an art form as it was a technology exercise，but now the balance is swaying(搖動(dòng)) more towards the technology and the final result is as good or even better than tuning by ear.
A few simple tools and a laptop computer with tuning software are all that are required.The real secret is the tuning software，which makes the whole process extremely easy.It means you do not have to train your ears but just look at the laptop screen to know when the piano string is in tune.
I have put together an e­book in my website with all the information you need to get started tuning your own piano, where to get the free software and where to buy the tools.
I hope I have inspired you to think about piano tuning and actually give it a go.You will find it a very rewarding and pleasant activity even if it remains just a hobby.
小題1:The writer asks two questions in the first paragraph to ________.

A．show his doubt on the topic

B．a(chǎn)sk readers to answer the questions clearly

C．encourage readers to make comments on the topic

D．a(chǎn)ttract readers to more information on this topic

小題2:According to the passage，why should you learn to tune pianos?

A．To offer help to piano tuners.

B．To save money and earn money as well.

C．Because it can help you make a piano yourself.

D．Because it can help you learn how to play the piano.

小題3:What makes piano tuning easier now?

A．Advanced technology.

B．More effective training.

C．More chances of practicing.

D．Traditional tuning methods.

小題4:If you want to get the tuning software and tools，you can ________.

A．get them for free from the piano sellers

B．buy them from the writer's online shops

C．make them yourself according to the passage

D．surf the writer's website for the information

小題5:In the last paragraph，the writer mainly wants to show that ________.

A．one must be active to play the piano

B．piano tuning will be popular in the future

C．it's valuable to take piano tuning as a hobby

D．it's difficult to tune pianos without professional training

It was August 2nd,1927.The news had spread fast.A man named Ralph Peer was coming to the city of Bristol.He wanted to make recordings of local people singing and playing musical instruments.And he said he would pay fifty dollars for each song recorded.That was a lot of money in those days.Many people came to Bristol that day to play for Mr.Peer.But one group seemed to have just the sound that he was looking for.They were a man named A．P.Carter，his wife Sara，and her cousin Maybelle.They called themselves the Carter Family.
Their first recordings were sent to radio stations throughout the United States.Many listeners were surprised at what they heard.Instead of classical or jazz songs that radio stations usually played，a new sound was born.The Carter Family sounded different.They did not sound as if they had taken music lessons.But it did not matter.The people in poor rural areas thought they sounded just like their neighbors.
The Carters sang songs about living in the mountains of Virginia，Tennessee，and North Carolina.They sang about the love of a young man for a special girl.They sang about the beauty of nature.They sang about death and sadness.And they sang religious songs that told of the hope for a better life after death.
A．P.Carter sang in the group and also searched for new songs.He often traveled long distances to small towns in the southeastern United States.He wanted to hear the songs that local people sang in their communities.He wrote down the words but kept the music in his memory.When he returned home，he helped Sara and Maybelle fit them to the Carter Family musical style.
The Carter Family soon became famous.They recorded more songs.They traveled to many cities and towns in the eastern United States to perform.Thousands of people heard them sing and bought their recordings.Some people estimate that within three years，the Carter Family sold three hundred thousand recordings.
小題1:What does this passage mainly talk about?

A．A family born for music.

B．A family singing differently.

C．The first family of country music.

D．A family singing in a group.

小題2:When Mr.Peer heard the Carter Family's songs，he most probably felt ________.

A．disappointed	B．calm
C．confused	D．excited

小題3:Many listeners were surprised when they heard the Carter Family's singing because ________.

A．the family did not seem to be good at singing

B．what the family sang sounded uncomfortable

C．the family sang classical and jazz songs in a very different way

D．the family sang something that they had never heard before

小題4:What was A．P.Carter's purpose in traveling to small towns in the southeastern United States?
A．To ask for some advice on his music.
B．To collect songs sung by the local people there.
C．To introduce his music to the local people there.
D．To see if the local people there had heard his music.

I am a writer.I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language—the way it can evoke(喚起)an emotion，a visual image，a complex idea，or a simple truth.Language_is_the_tool_of_my_trade.And I use them all—all the Englishes I grew up with.

Born into a Chinese family that had recently arrived in California，I've been giving more thought to the kind of English my mother speaks.Like others，I have described it to people as “broken” English.But I feel embarrassed to say that.It has always bothered me that I can think of no way to describe it other than“broken”，as if it were damaged and needed to be fixed，as if it lacked a certain wholeness.I've heard other terms used，“l(fā)imited English”， for example.But they seem just as bad，as if everything is limited，including people's perceptions(認(rèn)識(shí))of the limited English speaker.
I know this for a fact，because when I was growing up, my mother's “l(fā)imited” English limited my perception of her.I was ashamed of her English.I believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say.That is，because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect. And I had plenty of evidence to support me：the fact that people in department stores，at banks，and at restaurants did not take her seriously，did not give her good service，pretended not to understand her，or even acted as if they did not hear her.
I started writing fiction in 1985.And for reasons I won't get into today，I began to write stories using all the Englishes I grew up with：the English she used with me，which for lack of a better term might be described as“broken”：and what I imagine to be her translation of her Chinese，her internal(內(nèi)在的)language，and for that I sought to preserve the essence，but neither an English nor a Chinese structure.I wanted to catch what language ability tests can never show：her intention，her feelings，the rhythms of her speech and the nature of her thoughts.
小題1:By saying“Language is the tool of my trade”，the author means that ________.

A．she uses English in foreign trade

B．she is fascinated by languages

C．she works as a translator

D．she is a writer by profession

小題2:The author used to think of her mother's English as ________.

A．impolite

B．a(chǎn)musing

C．imperfect

D．practical

小題3:The author gradually realizes her mother's English is ________.

A．well structured	B．in the old style
C．easy to translate	D．rich in meaning

小題4:What is the passage mainly about?

A．The change of the author's attitude to her mother's English.

B．The limitation of the author's perception of her mother.

C．The author's misunderstanding of “l(fā)imited” English.

D．The author's experiences of using broken English.

I do a lot of hiking.And I can step out of my house and within minutes reach a beautiful forest where I walk for exercise every day.I see many photography subjects such as parrots，snakes，hares，big trees and flowers.There are so many different flowers around my place that once I decided to see how many types I could count in a one­hour­long walk，and I counted over 100.
Needless to say，as a keen amateur photographer，I always take a camera with me.I have three favorites: a Pentax Optio RZ10，a Sony Alpha 390 and a Panasonic Lumix FZ100.I mostly take the Pentax pocket camera with me.This Pentax pocket camera takes images as good as those from much more expensive Single Lens(鏡頭)Reflex cameras.It allows you to get to just 1 cm from the subject，and these images are of astonishing clarity(清楚)．I can stick the camera right into a flower.And the photo shows fantastic details.
The Pentax is also good at taking landscapes.The color is natural and price again the details even of distant objects are great.Sometimes，even when I have one of my other cameras with me，I still just use the Pentax pocket camera.About half of all the images on my website were taken with the Pentax.
The Pentax takes quality images in poor light and the zoom works well.You have to work hard to get a blurry(模糊的)shot.This is an especially good feature at parties and gatherings.You get fantastic photos of people.You don't have to wait for them to keep still.
Keep this camera in your pocket or in the car.It takes up little room；it's light and you'll never regret it!
小題1:Why does the author walk through the beautiful forest every day?

A．He takes exercise to keep fit.	B．He goes there to count flowers.
C．He takes photos in the forest.	D．He goes to see photography subjects.

小題2:Which of the following cameras did the author use most?

A．The Sony Alpha 390.	B．The Pentax Optio RZ10.
C．The Panasonic Lumix FZ100.	D．The Single Lens Reflex camera.

小題3:We can infer from the passage that________．

A．the author is a professional photographer

B．the author took blurry photos at gatherings

C．the author has put half of his photos on his website

D．it is good to take a quick photo with the Pentax

小題4:In the last paragraph the author advised us to________．

A．buy a very small camera	B．take photos of our friends
C．keep a Pentax at hand	D．take photos wherever we are

E­reading and e­books are slowly conquering the world.Compared to traditional paper books，e­books in some schools and universities attract more interest because the information flow seems much easier to manage and comes in a greatly higher quantity.
Japan is known for the reform­minded attitude towards the gadget(精巧裝置) world and for the fact that it is one of the first countries that encouraged in the educational system the emailing of homework.
The digital textbook looks like the logical step in the world of learning.It is natural but it is also completely untraditional.
The plan of the largest publishing companies to get in line with the trend is to save a large quantity of paper and make the kids become interested in learning using a cool gadget.Many USA universities and colleges have made students be used to the procedure of downloading the courses and of course the procedure involves interactive software and also the chance of using the computer.
The traditional education system is still unwilling when it comes to giving up books.The standard approach of information taught out of a book and Shakespeare read out of an old school novel makes studying English as traditional as it can be.
In a world where kids would rather see the movie than read a book，the digital age has brought along a completely different flavor to reading.Bringing that flavor in school will make teaching a greener and also a completely different matter.
小題1:Why are e­books so popular in the world?

A．It's cheap to buy.	B．It's effective to use.
C．It's convenient to bring.	D．It's the latest fashion.

小題2:Which of the following words can best take the place of the word “reform­minded” in the second paragraph?

A．Old­fashioned.	B．Aggressive.
C．Rejecting.	D．Progressive.

小題3:In America，the students are encouraged to________．

A．a(chǎn)pply the procedure of downloading the courses

B．communicate with their teachers using computer

C．research some interactive software for their studies

D．do their homework in computer instead of in paper

小題4:What's the author's attitude to the digital textbooks?

A．Being against.	B．Being for.
C．Not mentioned.	D．Being neutral.

Keeping pace with teachers is a fine way to study English.Teachers are experienced and their plans are systematic.But remember to work in a way that suits you.It's important to learn from past mistakes as well.Keep a notebook to make a record of the mistakes you make－it'll help you avoid making the same ones later.
The time of life may be hard，but you're not alone.You may be busy studying，but you can show your care by calling your friends or sending short messages.Don't let your friendships die.
It's as important to live well as it is to study well.Going to bed no later than 11：30 pm is vital.It puts you in the right mood for the next day.You needn't follow a special diet，but make sure you are eating nutritious meals each day.
The person who plays well，studies well.Having a lot of schoolwork doesn't mean having to give up other activities.Playing basketball or having a talk with your classmates can relax yourself.Time_out is not a waste of time but helps you study more efficiently.
Besides taking the big exam，you have other choices for college.I took the independent enrollment exam held by Peking University and some other students even were preparing to study abroad.Pay attention to any relevant information you can find，whether it's from school，the news media or other sources.
小題1:What should you do if you want to keep your friendship fresh?

A．Have frequent talks with them.

B．Always have lunch with them.

C．Remain them at some distance.

D．Keep connection by some ways.

小題2:The third paragraph is mainly about________．

A．study

B．friendship

C．relaxation

D．health

小題3:Which one is the closest meaning to “Time out” in Paragraph 4?

A．Sleep.

B．Exercise.

C．Continuation.

D．Pause.

小題4:The passage is mainly written by a(n)________．

A．editor

B．student

C．teacher

D．parent

There are a great number of people in the world while few people are great.I think there is probably only one great person out of 10，000 at best，and most probably much less than that.
The reason why there are only few of them is that most people do not pay the price of greatness.There are so many people who want to be great，why only very few of them actually pay the price? The answer to the question explains the difference between the almost 100% people who want to be great and the much less than 0.01% who actually be so.The reason is that the road to greatness is full of pains.
Greatness requires sacrifices and there is no sacrifice without pain.The kind of sacrifices required for greatness is the ones that make the process continuously painful for long time.If you only want to be good it may be painful just every now and then，and many people can still handle it.But being great is a total difference.The pain is much deeper and it is continuous，so very few people can endure this kind of pain.Most people naturally choose things that bring pleasures to them.It's unnatural to choose pain over pleasure，let alone doing it continuously for long time.But that's what I believe is the secret to greatness: The secret to greatness is choosing pain over pleasures continuously for long time.
小題1:What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?

A．To compare.	B．To list statistics.
C．To lead up to the topic.	D．To give information.

小題2:If one person only wants to be good，what will he/she face?

A．Occasional pains.	B．Continual work.
C．Constant pains.	D．Various difficulties.

小題3:What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Pleasures mean greatness.

B．Greatness equals sacrifices.

C．What's greatness.

D．Greatness lies in continuous pains.

In our whole life，we will come across different kinds of people and things.____，our views of the world，life and value have been changing all the time.To be honest，one of my English teachers has made a great ____on me.
Although she was short，old and ugly，she was talented，____and passionate(熱誠的)．Thus，we called her “a crazy stone”．She didn't mind it____；instead，she seemed to love her____very much.In addition，she was so____with students that she knew how to raise our____and get along well with us.Therefore，we studied English well and___her.
To be honest，I am fond of listening to____told by others in my daily life.Maybe I have heard so many that it is____for me to laugh.But she was a(n)____．Her jokes were always so funny，for she always led you to the scenes of them and____an interesting atmosphere.Although I____the university ten years ago，I still remember several jokes，one of which I would like to____with you.
Before having an English lesson，there was a handsome boy who made a self­introduction.He said that he was able to do____and finally made a conclusion that he was rather untalented.After hearing that，Stone____the teacher's desk and said an old saying: “Innocence is the virtue(美德) for____”．Hearing this we all burst into laughter.
Although I met several good teachers when I was in the high school and during my college，“a crazy stone” is the best teacher in my____．It was she that made me get____in English.It was she that educated me how to fight for success and____difficulties.

小題1:	A．But　　　　　　 B．Although C．Because D．Therefore

小題2:	A．expression B．promise C．influence D．reputation

小題3:	A．humorous B．serious C．a(chǎn)ctive D．bright

小題4:	A．a(chǎn)fter all B．a(chǎn)t all C．a(chǎn)bove all D．in all

小題5:	A．description B．occupation C．nickname D．students

小題6:	A．strict B．friendly C．popular D．familiar

小題7:	A．force B．enthusiasm C．inspiration D．power

小題8:	A．respected B．a(chǎn)greed C．pushed D．thanked

小題9:	A．lessons B．experiences C．tales D．jokes

小題10:

A．impossible B．easy C．difficult D．likely

小題11:

A．model B．teacher C．laugher D．exception

小題12:

A．enjoyed B．came C．created D．reduce

小題13:．

A．lived in

B．came into

C．left for

D．graduated from

小題14:

A．spend B．communicate C．share D．talked

小題15:

A．a(chǎn)nything B．nothing C．everything D．something

小題16:

A．stood on B．walked to C．broke down D．pushed away

小題17:

A．men B．students C．women D．teachers

小題18:

A．heart B．life C．school D．world

小題19:

A．hurt B．down C．interested D．rewarded

小題20:

A．ignore B．overcome C．escape D．face

Being able to call on the old boy's network helps you get your foot in the door，but has little impact on your later success.Having good connections does change your possibility of being offered a higher wage when you start working，but has no impact on your eventual wage.Coming from a wealthy background has little impact on lifetime earnings.Over time，brain power soon overtakes(超過)，and intelligence is the factor，which will determine your earnings and success.The speed of your rise through the ranks is determined largely by your own intelligence.
The study monitored earnings and promotions over the course of 25 years.Scores were used to assess the Socio­Economic Background(SEB)－wealth and connections－and standard Army intelligence tests used to assess intelligence.The study is sure to infuriate(激怒)those angered by wealthy groups such as Oxford's upper－crust(上流社會(huì))Bullingdon Club，of which both David Cameron and Borris Johnson were members.
Professor Yoav Ganzach says that these findings have a positive message for those，who can't rely on nepotism(裙帶關(guān)系)for their first job.“Your family can help you start your career and you do get an advantage，but it doesn't help you progress.And once you start working，you can go wherever your abilities take you，” he says.When intelligence and SEB are pitted directly against once another(相互較量)，intelligence is a more accurate predictor of future career success，he say.
小題1:How many factors which may influence one's career are mentioned in the passage?

A．1.	B．2.
C．3.	D．4.

小題2:Who will be encouraged most after reading the passage?

A．People who are lack of money.

B．People who can't depend on nepotism.

C．People with high intelligence.

D．People with wide connections.

小題3:What's the main idea of the passage?

A．Earnings and promotions are up to your own.

B．A study conducted by Professor Yoav Ganzach.

C．SEB is very important in one's first career.

D．Success is determined by your own brain power.