For many years it was common in the United States to associate Chinese Americans with restaurants and places that wash clothes. People did not realize that the Chinese had been driven into these occupations by the prejudice and discrimination that faced them in this country.
The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849. Like most of the other people there，they had come to search for gold. In that largely unoccupied land， the men staked a claim (立界標(biāo)表明所有權(quán)) for themselves by placing makers’ in the ground. However，either because the Chinese were so different from the others or because they worked so patiently that they sometimes succeeded in getting a mining claim to make a profit ( where others saw no way to do so) ,they became the target".Of their competi­tors. They were troubled and attacked in many ways. Often they were prevented from working their claims; some places even passed regulations forbidding them to own claims. The Chinese therefore started to seek out other ways of earning a living. Some of them began to wash clothes for the white miners; others set up small restaurants. (There were almost no women in California in those days and the Chinese filled a real need by doing this" women's work". ) Some went to work as farmhands or as fishermen.
In the early 1860's many more Chinese arrived in California. This time railroad companies brought the men in to build the first railroad line from California to the East. They were sorely needed because the work was so hard and dangerous，and it was carried on in such an isolated part of the country that the railroad company could not find other laborers for the job. As in the case of the first Chinese in America， these Chinese were almost all males; and like them，too，they encountered a great deal of prejudice. The hostility grew es­pecially strong after the railroad project was completed，and the Chinese laborers returned to California—thousands of them，all out of work
Many of today's Chinese Americans are the descendants of some of the early miners and railroad workers.
小題1: What is the main idea of the passage?

A．The first Chinese to reach the United States came during the California Gold Rush of 1849.

B．Many more Chinese arrived in California to construct the first railroad from California to the East.

C．Early Chinese immigrants to America experienced a lot of prejudice and discrimination.

D．Prejudice and discrimination that Chinese Americans met.

小題2: Why did the Chinese become the target of their competitors?

A．Because the Chinese were different and they worked patiently to achieve a lot of success while others couldn't.

B．The Chinese were so different from the others.

C．They worked so patiently with little payment

D．There were almost no women in California in those days.

小題3:What was the fate of the Chinese after the construction of the railroad?

A．They went back to their own country

B．They stayed to work in the railroad companies.

C．They went to California to search for gold.

D．The hostility grew especially strong.

小題4:What is the meaning of the word" encountered"?

A．face.

B．Count.

C．Enter.

D．Handle.

小題5:The following statements are true EXCEPT       .

A．during the California Gold Rush of 1849，people staked a claim for themselves by placing markers in the ground

B．the first Chinese went to America because they wanted to work as farmhands or as fishermen

C．many of today's Chinese Americans are the descendants of the early miners and railroad workers

D．the Chinese were sorely needed because the work was so dangerous

The ocean bottom，a region nearly 2.5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth， is even today largely unexplored. Until about a century ago，the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible and hidden beneath waters averaging over 3，600 meters deep. Total­ly without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth's surface，the deep-ocean bottom is a strange environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the outer space.
Although researchers have taken samples of deep-ocean rocks for over a century，the first detailed global study of the ocean bottom did not actually start until 1968，with the beginning of the National Science Foundation's Deep Sea Drilling Project ( DSDP). Using techniques first developed for the offshore oil and gas industry，the DSDP's drill ship，the Glomar Challenger，was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters，taking samples of rock from the ocean floor.
The Glomar Challenger completed 96 voyages in a 15-year-research program that ended in November 1983. During this time，it sailed 600，000 kilometers and took almost
20，000samples of rocks around the world. Those samples have allowed geologists to reconstruct what the planet looked like hundreds of millions of years ago and to make out what it will probably look like millions of years in the future. Today，largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages，nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics (構(gòu)造學(xué)) and continental drift that explains many of the geological processes.
The samples of rocks drilled by the Glomar Challenger have also provided a climatic re­cord stretching back hundreds of millions of years. The information of past climatic changes can be used to predict future climates.
小題1:The underlined word" inaccessible" in Line 3 means     .

A．unrecognizable

B．unreachable

C．unusable

D．unreasonable

小題2:Why does the author mention "outer space" in the first paragraph?

A．The Earth's climate millions of years ago was similar to that in outer space.

B．It is similar to the ocean floor in being strange to the humans.

C．Rock formations in outer space are similar to those found on the ocean floor.

D．Techniques used by scientists to explore outer space were similar to those used in ocean exploration.

小題3:Which of the following is TRUE of the Glomar Challenger?

A．It is a type of submarine.	B．It is an ongoing project.
C．It has gone on over 100 voyages.	D．It made its first DSDP voyage in 1968.

小題4:The Deep Sea Drilling Project was significant because it was         .

A．a(chǎn)n attempt to find new sources of oil and gas

B．the first extensive exploration of the ocean bottom

C．made up of geologists from all over the world

D．supported entirely by the gas and oil industry

小題5:Which is NOT mentioned in the passage as being a result of the Deep Sea Drilling Project?

A．Geologists were able to determine the Earth's appearance millions of years ago.

B．Two geological theories became more widely accepted by scientists.

C．Geologists observed forms of life never before seen.

D．Information was revealed about the Earth's past climatic changes.

完形填空（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從36-55各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
Fire can 36 many things. It is dangerous to everyone, but it is 37 useful. We cannot live without 38.In other words, fire is both the 39  and enemy of us. This  40  on whether we use it wisely or not.
To the people 41 live in the forest area, fire is particularly dangerous. It is the location 42 most of their houses are made of wood, which 43  catches fire. Especially in winter the air is 44  and the wind is often 45  .If one of these houses is on fire, the wind will 46  the fire to the neighboring houses quickly, and the fire will soon 47  all over the area. If this happens 48 , it may not be too bad. 49 if it happens at night, the situation will be very bad, for most people are 50   ,and many of them cannot run away in time. If they can, they will just 51  all the things behind. Some people even do not know  52  is going on, and they  53  in their dreams.
We should do our best to 54 the breakout of fire, which is mostly caused by people’s carelessness. Therefore, not only the people of the 55 areas but everyone else should be very careful in using fire.

小題1:	A．make B．build C．lose D．destroy

小題2:	A．a(chǎn)lso B．too C．hardly D．not

小題3:	A．water B．a(chǎn)ir C．food D．fire

小題4:	A．help B．friend C．companion D．neighbor

小題5:	A．happens B．lies C．depends D．decides

小題6:	A．where B．which C．what D．who

小題7:	A．because B．so C．why D．that

小題8:	A．easily B．hardly C．carefully D．friendly

小題9:	A．thick B．thin C．wet D．dry

小題10:

A．cold B．freezing C．gentle D．strong

小題11:

A．make B．let C．blow D．give

小題12:

A．cross B．pass C．happen D．spread

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)t night B．on Sunday C．in the evening D．in the day time

小題14:

A．But B．When C．So D．Even

小題15:

A．careless B．sleeping C．a(chǎn)fraid D．frightened

小題16:

A．leave B．take C．bring D．have

小題17:

A．that B．what C．who D．which

小題18:

A．think B．smile C．die D．live

小題19:

A．help B．prevent C．develop D．keep

小題20:

A．city B．developing C．factory D．forest

What makes a person a scientist? Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others? The answer is “no”. It isn’t the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools which make him a scientist. You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter. You will probably agree, too, that knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone. The scientist, however, goes one step further; he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer he gets to many questions is into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist’s knowledge must be exact. There’s no room for half right or right just half the time. He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit. What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times. If the conditions are different, any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration(實(shí)證) must be explained by the changes in the conditions. This is one reason why investigations are important in science. Albert Einstein, who developed the Theory of Relativity, arrived at the theory through mathematics. The accuracy(正確性) of his mathematics was later tested through investigation. Einstein’s ideas were proved to be correct. A scientist uses many tools for measurements. Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations(計(jì)算) that may test his investigations
小題1: What makes a scientist according to the passage?

A．The tools he uses.	B．His ways of learning
C．The way he uses his tools	D．The various tools he uses

小題2: “…knowing how to investigation, how to discover information, is important to everyone.”
The writer says this to show ___________.

A．the importance of information

B．the difference between scientists and ordinary people.

C．the importance of thinking

D．the difference between carpenters and ordinary people

小題3: A sound scientific theory should be one that _________.

A．works under one set of conditions at one time and also works under the same conditions at other times

B．doesn’t allow any change even under different conditions

C．Can be used many times under different conditions

D．Can be used for many purposes

小題4:What is the main idea of the passage?

A．Scientists are different from ordinary people.

B．The Theory of Relativity.

C．Exactness is the core (核心) of science.

D．Exactness and way of using tools are the keys to making of a scientist.

For much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主義) is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage.
In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences(父母親的偏愛), religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism.
Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo(乳制品)  vegetarian eats dairy products  and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto(乳，乳汁) vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo （蛋，雞蛋） vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products.
A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (養(yǎng)生的) diets fall into the vegan category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined（經(jīng)過提煉的） and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物).
Following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (營養(yǎng)不足) in some people. Teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium (鈣). If you’re interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet it’s a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian（營養(yǎng)學(xué)家）. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients.
小題1:The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means ______.

A．there is usually a note beside the meat in a meal

B．meat often attracts people’s attention in a meal

C．meat is served only a small amount in a meal

D．meat should play an important part in a meal

小題2:Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarians?

A．They are environmentally friendly.

B．They are concerned about the rights of animals.

C．They worry about their own health.

D．They can’t afford to buy meat.

小題3: A vegan diet will include ______.

A．neither animal products nor diary products

B．diary products but no eggs

C．a(chǎn)nimal products like honey

D．processed food

小題4: According to the passage, the author would probably think that ______.

A．a(chǎn)ll the people should become vegetarians

B．teens should be careful to be vegetarians

C．vegetarianism is not a good thing for the world

D．vegetarianism can make a country develop faster

Most of us use the telephone several times a day to talk with friends or make social arrangements(安排). These calls are usually quite easy and require little planning.
Using the telephone for business purpose is different. In any organization the person on the telephone represents the company and gives an impression of the firm to the outside world.
If you want to ensure good public relations, you need to master effective telephone techniques.
You should try to give an impression of an efficient, friendly, progressive company eager to give good service.
Before calling
Choose the right time. Consider the cost, urgency and convenience. When calling overseas, you need to consider the time difference.
Check the number. A great deal of money is wasted each year on dialing wrong numbers.
Plan your call. Make a list of points and questions to be raised.
Be prepared. Gather any files, papers or information that may be needed during the call. It is unprofessional to have to say “Hold on while I look for that.”
If you have to ask a caller to hold on, keep going back and assuring him/her that you will be as quick as possible.
Avoid interruptions. Call at a time when you are unlikely to be distracted(分心).
During the call
Be courteous, polite. Make time for suitable greetings like “How are you today, Jim?” and “Did you enjoy your holiday”?
Put a smile in your voice. Remember, your caller can not see you, so use intonation to good effect and try to sound confident, decisive, helpful, and interested.
Check your notes. Look back at your notes to ensure that you have covered everything and quote figures and other data correctly.
Get feedback. Make sure the caller understands the message correctly, especially deadlines and actions that are involved.
Be courteous. Finish by thanking the caller for his or her time and trouble.
After the call
Make notes. Let it become a habit to make notes of the call and place them in an appropriate file.
Take actions. If you need to send a letter of confirmation or inform someone in your organization about any details of the call, do it immediately so that you do not forget important points.
小題1: Before calling, you have to _____.

A．stay at your company only	B．learn important data and figures by heart
C．get things ready for the communication	D．choose the right time and place

小題2: During the call, it is unsuitable to _____.

A．be decisive

B．be heard in low spirits

C．check your notes

D．get feedback

小題3: What does the underlined word “courteous” in the passage mean?

A．Polite.

B．Active.

C．Effective.

D．Correct.

Unemployment will certainly be in double-digits next year--and may remain there for some time. And for every person who __1_ as unemployed in the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ household survey, you can bet there’s another either too __2__ to look for work or working part time who’d rather have a full-time job or else taking home less pay than before. And there’s yet another person who’s more fearful that he or she will be the __3__ to lose a job.
__4__, 10 percent unemployment really means 20 percent underemployment or anxious employment, all of which translates __5__ into late payments on mortgages, credit cards, auto and student loans, and loss of health insurance. It also means sleeplessness for tens of millions of Americans, and, of course, __6__ purchases.
Unemployment of this magnitude and duration also translates into ugly __7__, because fear and anxiety are __8__ grounds for the political resentment against immigrants, blacks, the poor, government leaders, business leaders, Jews and other easy _9__. It’s already started. Next year is a mid-term election. Be prepared for worse.
So why is unemployment and underemployment so high? And why is it _10__ to remain high for some time? Because, as noted, people who are worried about their jobs or have no jobs, and who are also trying to _11__ from under a pile of debt, are not going to do a lot of shopping. And businesses that don’t have customers aren’t going to do a lot of new _12__. And foreign nations also suffering high __13__ aren’t going to buy a lot of our goods and services. And without customers, companies won’t __14__. They’ll cut payrolls instead.
This brings us to the obvious question: Who’s going to buy the stuff we make or the services we provide, and therefore bring jobs back? There’s only one __15__ left: The government.

小題1:	A．keeps to B．sticks to C．shows up D．a(chǎn)ttaches

小題2:	A．discouraged B．timid C．sure D．upset

小題3:	A．first B．next C．last D．only

小題4:	A．On the other hand B．By contrast C．As a whole D．In other words

小題5:	A．enormously B．definitely C．exactly D．directly

小題6:	A．fewer B．more C．better D．worse

小題7:	A．economics B．trades C．politics D．industries

小題8:	A．necessary B．fertile C．scarce D．heated

小題9:	A．opponents B．targets C．victims D．potentials

小題10:

A．due B．a(chǎn)ble C．equal D．likely

小題11:

A．get out B．get around C．get into D．get off

小題12:

A．programming B．planning C．investing D．a(chǎn)dvertising

小題13:

A．signature B．unemployment C．crisis D．inefficiency

小題14:

A．rent B．run C．sell D．hire

小題15:

A．manufacturer B．a(chǎn)pplicant C．buyer D．employer

Air pollution is damaging 60% of Europe’s prime wildlife sites in meadows, forests and bushes, according to a new report.
A team of EU scientists said nitrogen emissions(氮排放) from cars, factories and farming were threatening biodiversity. It’s the second report this week warning of the on-going risks and threats linked to nitrogen pollution.
Nitrogen in the atmosphere is harmless in its inert(惰性的) state, but the report says reactive forms of nitrogen, largely produced by human activity, can be a menace to the natural world.
Emissions mostly come from vehicle exhausts(排氣), factories, artificial fertilizers(肥料) and animal waste from intensive farming. The reactive nitrogen they emit to the air disrupts the environment in two ways: It can make acidic soils too acidic to support their previous mix of species. But primarily, because nitrogen is a fertilizer, it favors wild plants that can maximize the use of nitrogen to help them grow.
In effect, some of the nitrogen spread to fertilize crops is carried in the atmosphere to fertilize weeds, possibly a great distance from where the chemicals were first applied.
The effects of fertilization and acidification favor common aggressive species like grasses, brambles and nettles. They harm more delicate species like mosses(苔蘚), and insect-eating sundew plants.
The report said 60% of wildlife sites were now receiving a critical load of reactive nitrogen. The report’s lead author, Dr Kevin Hicks from the University of York’s Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), told BBC News that England’s Peak District had a definitely low range of species as a result of the reactive nitrogen that fell on the area.
“Nitrogen creates a rather big problem that seems to me to have been given too little attention,” he said. “Governments are responsible for protecting areas like this, but they are clearly failing.”
He said more research was needed to understand the knock-on effects for creatures from the changes in vegetation accidentally caused by emissions from cars, industry and farms.
At the conference, the representatives agreed “The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen”. The document highlights the importance of reducing reactive nitrogen emissions to the environment, adding that the benefits of reducing nitrogen outweigh the costs of taking action.
小題1:The underlined word “menace” is used to express that the reactive nitrogen, largely produced by human activity can be ___________.

A．frightening

B．threatening

C．unique

D．unusual

小題2: We can infer from the passage that _________.

A．it’s harmless to have reactive nitrogen existing in the atmosphere

B．reactive nitrogen emissions help aggressive species less than crops

C．the harm to those delicate species has a negative impact on biodiversity

D．reactive nitrogen can fertilize soils and keep their biodiversity

小題3: The team of EU scientists released the second report of nitrogen emissions this week when __________.

A．no action was taken to stop nitrogen emission

B．governments were willing to protect areas harmed by nitrogen

C．“The Edinburgh Declaration on Reactive Nitrogen” was agreed

D．nitrogen emissions were threatening wildlife sites’ biodiversity

小題4: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

A．Keeping Away From Nitrogen Emissions	B．Stopping Nitrogen Emissions
C．Air Pollution Damaging Europe’s Wildlife	D．Saving Europe’s Wildlife

While most students in the USA are worrying about getting into their dream universities, others worry about a bigger problem. Students brought to the USA illegally, who have to leave a   36  on applications that need their Social Security number, know they will not be accepted    37  their outstanding grades and performance. The young immigrants   38  from the U.S. school system, but only up through high school. Their education often    39  there due to a 1996 federal law that bans states from offering in-state tuition rate(學(xué)費(fèi)) to illegal immigrants    40  the state also offers it to all U.S. citizens. However, there may be some hope because of the DREAM Act, which will be voted on in Congress (國會).
The DREAM Act is a/an   41  aid program for the young illegal immigrants who entered the U.S. before they were 16. Those who apply for this program can get   42  and temporary residing (居住) status, which can be changed, once   43 , to a green card after six years. These immigrants can then use their newly acquired status to seek green cards for their   44 . In this way, it can also provide citizenship for the illegal foreigners who brought their children to the US.
“I don’t live in fear of being driven out of this   45 ,” says Juan, a high school junior born in Mexico. “I live a normal life here   46  that now everyone is getting their driver’s license, and I can’t.”
Juan came to the U.S. with his mother and older brother at eight. He is hoping for the DREAM Act to be      47 . While he admits that there is no obvious prejudice in high school, Juan   48  faces unfair racial treatment.
“It   49  me when people joke around and ask me for my green card,” Juan explains. “I   50 , but deep down I know they are offending me for   51  I have no control over. I was born in Mexico, but my   52  is here.”
His brother now attends a community (社區(qū)) college and plans to enter a university. Juan hopes to take a   53  path. “For long, I have no   54  that I can go to university” Juan says. “I know it’s going to be hard, but as long as I stay in this country, I have a/an   55 .”

小題1:	A．blank B．track C．name D．message

小題2:	A．because of B．instead of C．in terms of D．regardless of

小題3:	A．suffer B．benefit C．learn D．graduate

小題4:	A．stops B．begins C．continues D．changes

小題5:	A．if B．until C．unless D．a(chǎn)fter

小題6:	A．legal B．international C．seasonal D．educational

小題7:	A．low B．conditional C．stable D．regular

小題8:	A．denied B．lost C．bought D．earned

小題9:	A．children B．parents C．friends D．relatives

小題10:

A．school B．program C．system D．country

小題11:

A．with B．in C．except D．now

小題12:

A．introduced B．discussed C．passed D．corrected

小題13:

A．a(chǎn)lmost B．still C．even D．only

小題14:

A．bothers B．worries C．confuses D．surprises

小題15:

A．laugh B．cry C．shout D．sigh

小題16:

A．everything B．nothing C．something D．a(chǎn)nything

小題17:

A．success B．origin C．life D．experience

小題18:

A．similar B．right C．different D．direct

小題19:

A．confidence B．idea C．interest D．doubt

Below is a web page from http://www.parents.com/.

Kid of the Year Photo Competition
Enter your kid’s photo today and win! We’re giving away 52 weekly $250 prizes from Readers’ Choice votes. PLUS our editors will select one entry to win our grand prize of $7,000.
Official Competition Rules
No purchase necessary to enter or win.
The Kid of the Year Photo Competition entry period begins at 12:00 a.m.
January 23, 2011, and ends January 21, 2012 (“Entry Period”). Entries must arrive by 9:00 p.m.
on January 21, 2012 (“Entry Deadline”). Entries will not be acknowledged or returned.
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ENTRY: There will be two methods of entry.
Share My Entry:
Visit http://www.parents.com/photos/photo-contests-1/kid-of-the-year/ and click the button to enter.
Facebook Entry:
Visit http://Facebook.com/ParentsMagazine and click the Kid of 2011 tab(選項(xiàng)卡).
Then complete the registration form and follow the instructions to upload one album of up to six photos
of your child aged three months to eight years. You may provide one description and one album title that will
be applied to all photos. Photos, without any brand names or trademarks, must be taken by participants,
non-professional, unpublished and may not have won any prize or award. Photos must be .jpeg or .bmp image
formats (格式) and cannot be over 3 MB
This promotion is in no way sponsored, supported or run by, or associated with Facebook. You are
providing your information to Parents Magazine and not to Facebook. The information you provide will
only be used to run the promotion and register for Parents.com.
LIMIT: One entry per family, per child, per week. One weekly prize per child. For entries of more
than one child in a family, the entry process must be completed separately for each child. No group entries.
小題1:We can learn from the passage that _________.

A．you should buy something first before you enter the contest B．your entry will not be returned even if you don’t win the contest C．you should send your entry before 9:00 p.m. on January 21, 2011 D．the editors of the contest will decide who will win the 20,000 dollars in prizes

小題2:Linda, a mother with seven-year-old twins, wants to enter the competition. She must _________.

A．provide a description and an album title for the kid’s photos B．go to Meredith Corporation to fill out the registration forms C．complete the entry process separately for each of her kids D．provide the information to Facebook if she chooses Facebook Entry

小題3:To enter the competition, photos must __________.

A．be taken by non-professional participants B．have won some prize or award C．contain brand names or trademarks D．contain parents’ personal information

小題4:The purpose of the passage is __________.

A．to advertise the website Facebook. com B．to attract photographers’ interest in a photo contest C．to introduce two methods of entering a photo contest D．to encourage parents with children to enter a photo contest