In the early days of sea travel, seamen on long voyages lived exclusively on salted meat and biscuits. Many of them died of scurvy (壞血病), a disease of the blood which causes swollen gums, livid white spots on the flesh and general exhaustion. On one occasion, in 1535, an English ship arrived in Newfoundland with its crew desperately ill. The men´s lives were saved by Iroquois Indians who gave them vegetable leaves to eat. Gradually it came to be realized that scurvy was caused by some lack in the sailors´ diet and Captain Cook, on his long voyages of discovery to Australia and New Zealand, established the fact that scurvy could be warded off by the provision of fresh fruit for the sailors.
Nowadays it is understood that a diet which contains nothing harmful may yet result in serious disease if certain important elements are missing. These elements are called “vitamins”. Quite a number of such substances are known and they are given letters to identify them, A, B, C, D, and so on. Different diseases are associated with deficiencies of particular vitamins. Even a slight lack of Vitamin C, for example, the vitamin most plentiful in fresh fruit and vegetables, is thought to increase significantly our susceptibility (敏感度) to colds and influenza.
The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet, including a variety of fruit and green vegetables. It is only when people try to live on a very restricted diet, say during extended periods of religious fasting (齋戒), or when trying to lose weight, that it is necessary to make special provision to supply the missing vitamins.
51. Scurvy is a disease that is provoked by ____
A. salted meat and biscuits              B. exhaustion
C. want of some essential substances      D. lack of fresh vegetables and fruits
52. In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, “warded off” could probably be replaced by____.
A. got rid of     B. killed     C. avoided     D. cleared away
53. To avoid such disease as scurvy, it´s better for us ____.
A. not to eat much salted meat
B. to supplement our diet with various vitamin pills
C. to have more fresh fruit and vegetables
D. to develop a good dietary habit
54. Based on the passage we can safely conclude that if our diet is not comprehensive enough ____.
A. vitamin pills are of no avail
B. nutritious food might be unhealthy
C. vegetable leaves can be a good remedy
D. religious fasting may help out a lot
55. Which of the following sentences best expresses the central ideal of the passage?
A. Deficiencies of Vitamin C may cause serious diseases.
B. Fresh fruit and green vegetables contain enough nutrition that is necessary for a healthy body.
C. Vitamins play a vitally important role in people´s health.
D. A good mixed diet normally supplies sufficient vitamins for us.

HOW TO QUIT SMOKING
When thinking about quitting…
List all the reasons why you want to quit. Every night before going to bed, repeat one of the reasons 10 times. Decide surely that you want to quit. Try to avoid negative（消極的）thoughts about how difficult it might be. Develop strong personal reasons in addition to your health and duties to others. For example, think all the time you waste taking cigarette breaks, rushing out to buy a pack, hunting a light, etc. Set a date for quitting—perhaps a special day like your birthday, or a holiday. If you smoke heavily at work, quit during your vacation. Make the date seriously, and don’t let anything change it. Begin to prepare yourself physically: start a modest（適度的）exercise, drink more water, get plenty of rest.
Immediately after quitting…
The first few days after you quit, spend as much free time as possible in places where smoking is forbidden, e.g. libraries, museums, theatres, department stores, etc. Drink large quantities of water and fruit juice. Try to avoid wine, coffee, and other drinks, which remind you of cigarette smoking. Start a conversation with someone instead of asking for a match for a cigarette. If you miss the sensation（感覺）of having a cigarette in your hand, play with something else—a pencil, a pen, or a ruler. If you miss having something in your mouth, try toothpicks or a fake（假的）cigarette.
小題1:Which of the following statements is best supported by the author?

A．When you want a cigarette, try to forget it by starting a conversation with someone.

B．Try to drink wine, coffee, and other drinks instead of a cigarette.

C．If you miss the sensation of having a cigarette in your mouth, play with a pen.

D．Every night before going to bed, repeat the reasons 10 times.

小題2:From the passage, we know smokers _______.

A．spend a lot of time breaking the habit of smoking

B．have to stop to smoke from time to time

C．had better quit smoking during their holiday

D．start a modest exercise every day

小題3:The author suggests _______ immediately after quitting.

A．a(chǎn)ll kinds of drinks be avoided

B．drinking water and fruit juice

C．trying low-tar（低焦油）cigarettes

D．spending as much free time as possible in public places

小題4:If the article is in a newspaper, which section is it in?

A．Sports.

B．News.

C．Health.

D．Culture.

Recently some American scientists have given a useful sincere piece of advice to people in industrialized nations that they would be much healthier if they ate more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.
The scientists say that the human body has changed very little since humans first appeared on the earth, but the way we live has changed greatly. Our body has not been able to deal with these changes in life style and this has led to new kinds of sicknesses. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times, so they are called “diseases of civilization”. Many cancers and diseases of the blood system, including heart attacks and strokes ( 中風 ) are examples of such diseases.
Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or tobacco, probably none. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise, but a change in food is one of the main differences between life in ancient times and that of today.
Stone-age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic or tame ones ( 家畜 ). They also ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They didn’t have milk or any other dairy products, and they made very little use of grains. But today, we eat a large amount of these. We eat six times more salt than our remote ancestors. We eat more sugar. We eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C.
People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did, but scientists say that we would be much healthier if we ate much the same way as remote ancestors did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.
67. What is the main cause that people suffer from a lot of new sicknesses?
A. Ancient people did a great deal of physical exercise.
B. People today have a lot of alcohol.
C. People today have more tobacco.
D. Food today is quite different from that of ancient times.
68. Which of the following belongs to the dairy products?
A. Milk             B. Corn     C. Pork            D. Flour
69. New kinds of sicknesses have been found because ________.
A. the human body has changed compared with humans who first appeared on the earth
B. the way we live has changed a little
C. our body can’t deal with the changes in life style
D. the way we live today is proper for the human body
70. According to some scientists, Stone-age people were much healthier than people today because they ate a lot of ________.
A. milk and other dairy products                        B. salt and sugar
C. wild animals, fresh wild vegetables and fruits     D. grain foods

第二節(jié)：完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。
Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse, according to the doctors. I feel there are  36  reasons for this.
Some people blame the fact  37   we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy, fatty foods,  _38  fried chicken and ice cream,  39  low price. This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups  40  seldom cook a meal for themselves. If there  41  fewer of these restaurants, then probably children would buy less take-away food.
There is another argument that  42  parents for allowing their children to become overweight. I _43  this, because good eating habits begin early in life, long before children start to visit fast food shops. If children are given fried chicken and chocolate  44  healthy food, or are always allowed to choose  45  they eat, they will go for sweet and salty foods every time, and this  46  throughout their lives.
There is a third reason for this situation. Children these days  47  very little exercise. They do not walk to school. When they  48  home, they sit in front of  49  or their computers and play computer games.  50  is this an unhealthy pastime (消遣),it also gives them time to eat more  51  food.  52  they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.
The above  53   the main reasons for this problem, and therefore we have to  54  young people to be more active, as well as steering them away from fast food shops and  55 eating habits.
36. A. much               B. a number of       C. amount of               D. lot of
37. A. which              B. what             C. that                    D. whose
38. A. such as             B. so that            C. such that                 D. and so on
39. A. with                B. on                C. at                        D. to
40. A. which              B. whose              C. where                  D. who
41. A. were              B. was               C. is                    D. are
42. A. blame              B. blames            C. ask                    D. tell
43. A. agree on            B. agree at           C. agree in                 D. agree with
44. A. as well as            B. besides            C. rather than                      D. beside
45. A. that                B. what             C. which                   D. when
46. A. carry on            B. will carry out      C. will carry on                    D. carry off
47. A. take                B. go               C. walk                    D. jump
48. A. get to              B. go to                     C. arrive at                        D. get
49. A. the book            B. the television       C. the homework            D. the telephone
50. A. Either              B. And              C. Not only                 D. If
51. A. healthy             B. cold               C. delicious                D. unhealthy
52. A. What                B. That              C. Which                   D. Where
53. A. is                 B. are                C. was                    D. were
54. A. order              B. tell                     C. encourage               D. inform
55. A. good               B. healthy            C. nice                    D. bad

UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that "for the first time in history, more than one billion people are hungry."
The secretary-general made the statement in his message to the World Food Day, which fails on Friday. The World Food Day is celebrated on Oct. 16 annually, and the theme this year is "Achieving food security in times of crisis."
In his message, the secretary-general attributed the increase of hungry population world-wide to volatile (易變的) food prices, economic crisis, climate change and, conflict over the past two years.
Ban described food and nutritional security as "the foundations of a decent (正常的) life," saying that "the challenges of food security demand multilateral commitment (承諾), creativity and leadership."
"We must invest in food production and distribution (分配) ," he said. "Last year, I set up a. High-Level Task Force on the Global Food Crisis. Its Comprehensive (全方位的) Frame-work for Action outlines a strategy to provide safety nets and assistance for smallholder farmers and to support longer-term agricultural productivity and resilience, social protection schemes (方案), market access and fair trade. "
"The challenges of food security demand unilateral commitment, creativity and leadership. At this time of crisis, I encourage all nations to pursue coordinated (配合) and comprehensive strategies for agricultural development and effective social protection so that vulnerable people -- women and children in particular -- can get the food they need for nutritional security and well-being," he said.
60. Which day is the World Food Day?
A. On Oct. 16.        B. On Oct. 17.        C. On Oct. 15.        D. On Oct. 11.
61. How many reasons led to the increase, of hungry population worldwide according to the passage?
A. 3.                B.5.                 C.2.                 D.4.
62. What does the challenges of food security demand?
A. Multilateral commitment and leadership.
B. Volatile food prices, economic Crisis and climate change.
C. Multilateral commitment, creativity and leadership.
D. Coordinated and comprehensive strategies.
63. What is the theme of the World Food Day this year?
A. Fight Hunger to Reduce Poverty.                  B. Achieving food security in times of crisis.
C. Women Feed the World.                  D. Water: Source of Food Security.

第二節(jié) 完形填空(共20小題；每小題1．5分，滿分30分)
閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C、D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳答案。
In my dual (雙重的)) profession   36  an educator and health care provider, I have worked with many children infected with HIV. They have taught me so many things, but I have especially learned that great   37   can be found in the smallest individuals. Let me tell you about Tyler.
Tyler was   38   infected with HIV; his mother was also infected. From the very beginning of his life, he was dependent on medications to 39  him to survive. When he was five, he had a tube inserted in a vein(靜脈) in his chest. At times, he also needed extra oxygen to support his 40.
Tyler wasn't_41   to give up one single moment of his childhood to this deadly disease. It was not  42   to find him playing and racing around his backyard, wearing his medicine-loaded backpack and   43  his tank of oxygen behind him in his little wagon ( 小推車 ). All of us who knew Tyler were impressed by his pure   44   in being alive and the energy it gave him. Tyler’s mom often  45  him by telling him that he moved so  46   she needed to dress him in red. That way, when she peered through the window to check on him playing in the yard, she could quickly47  him.
This deadly disease eventually  48   down Tyler. He grew quite ill and, unfortunately,  49 did his HIV-infected mother. When it became   50   that he wasn't going to survive, Tyler’s mom talked to him about   51 . She comforted him by telling Tyler that she was dying too, and that she would be with him soon in heaven.
A few days before his death, Tyler 52  to me to come to his hospital bed and   53 ,"I might die soon. I'm not 54  When I die, please dress me in  55  Mom promised she's coming to heaven, too. I'll be playing when she gets there, and I want to make sure she can find me.
36. A. in                     B.for             C. as             D.on
37. A. pleasure      B. pain          C. sorrow      D. courage
38. A. seriously     B. born          C. unlucky      D. disappointingly
39. A. cause          B. enable       C. make         D. lead
40. A. breathing    B. living        C. running      D. walking
41. A. happy         B. willing      C. daring        D. discouraged
42. A. common     B. unusual     C. surprised    D. ordinary
43. A. dragging      B. carrying    C. pushing      D. taking
44. A. character     B. joy            C. moment     D. Excitement
45. A. comforted   B. scolded      C. teased        D. praised
46. A. slowly               B. happily      C. quickly      D. fast
47. A. know          B. spot          C. stop           D. observe
48. A. tore            B. broke               C. wore          D. kicked
49. A. neither               B. so             C. such           D. nor
50. A. apparent      B. hopeless    C. sure           D. terrible
51. A. life             B. dream       C. future        D. death
52. A. waved         B. said           C. signed        D. explained
53. A. whispered   B. shouted     C. cried          D. spoke
54. A. excited        B. surprised   C. scared        D. sad
55. A. red             B. white               C. bright      D. beauty

When the school year starts, it can be difficult to get up early．After a few early mornings, extreme tiredness might make you feel like you’re going to fall over．The amazing thing is that you probably manage to stay awake all day long and into the night．But how?
A chemical in the brain called dopamine（多巴胺）might be part of the answer．According to new research, dopamine is what keeps people who don’t get enough sleep from conking out．The chemical also has a complicated influence on your ability to think and learn when you don’t get enough sleep．
To study sleep loss and its effect on the brain, scientists rounded up 15 healthy volunteers．The scientists tested each person’s memory and ability to pay attention twice: once after a good night’s sleep and once after being kept up all night long．During the tests, the scientists measured levels of dopamine in the brains of the volunteers．
The results showed that when the volunteers stayed up all night, dopamine levels increased in the brain．Higher levels of dopamine kept the volunteers awake even though they felt tired．Some people are amazingly able to think clearly and react quickly, even when they haven’t had much sleep．Other people have a really hard time paying attention when tired, and their reactions are slow．All of these may be related to the dopamine levels．However, the researchers found that higher levels of dopamine don’t remove the trouble people have thinking and learning while sleep-deprived （缺乏睡眠的）．
60．The underlined phrase “conking out” in the second paragraph probably means     ．
A．staying awake     B．falling asleep   
C．paying attention         D．falling over
61．With a higher level of dopamine, one     ．
A．will not dream dreams at night              B．may have trouble in falling asleep
C．can still stay awake after staying up          D．can do better in learning and working
62．We can infer from the last paragraph that        ．
A．not all people can react quickly after they stay up late
B．dopamine in our brain does not work when we are sleeping
C．lack of sleep has no influence on one’s learning and thinking ability
D．the higher the dopamine levels are, the more quickly one reacts
63．The passage is developed by        ．
A．setting up a point and discussing it
B．giving examples and drawing a conclusion
C．pointing out similarities and differences  
D．showing a fact and explaining the cause

We all have ideas about what kinds of foods are good to eat. We also have ideas about what kinds of foods are bad to eat. As a result, people from one culture often think the foods that people from another culture eat are nauseating(令人作嘔的).When the famous boxer Muhammad Ali visited Africa, for example, one member of his group became quite sick when he saw someone pick up a butterfly and eat it. Many people would find it disgusting to eat rats, but there are forty-two different cultures whose people regard rats as appropriate food.
 Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. For example, broccoli is first on a list of the most nutritious common vegetables, but it is twenty-first on a list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat. Tomatoes are sixteenth on the list of most nutritious vegetables, but they are first on the list of vegetables that Americans like most to eat.
But dislike is not the only reason why some cultures will not eat a certain food. In some cultures, certain foods are taboo. Some foods are taboo in certain religions, but there are also other food taboos that are not connected to a religion. We do not usually think about why certain things are taboo in our culture. We may not even know why they are taboo. Anthropologists(人類學家) try to discover the hidden reasons for taboos.
Anthropologists believe that most food likes and dislikes are a result of the ways of life of different people. Some people live in areas where there are both large animals and many insects. It is difficult for these people to kill large animals, and it requires a lot of energy. It is easier for them to use insects for food because it is not difficult to catch insects and it does not require a lot of energy. Nomadic(游牧的) people who move around will not want to keep pigs for food. People will not eat pets such as dogs. Americans eat a lot of beef because there is plenty of land for raising cattle and the meat can be shipped cheaply for long distances by railroads.
小題1:     What’s the main topic of this passage?

A．Food and religion.	B．Food and culture.
C．Nutrition of different foods.	D．Different ways of life.

小題2:Which of the following statements is TRUE about food likes and dislikes?

A．They are seldom related to nutrition.

B．They are mostly associated with people’s taste.

C．They are mostly connected with people’s life styles.

D．They are usually related to cultures or religions.

小題3:The underlined word “taboo” (Line 3, Para. 3) refers to _____.

A．something undiscovered	B．certain religions
C．something forbidden	D．certain foods

小題4:What can we infer from the passage?

A．It is believed that brcoccoli is more nutritious than tomatoes.

B．Americans prefer tomatoes to beef.

C．People in Inner Mongolia would probably like to keep pigs for food.

D．The famous boxer Muhamm Ali would like to eat rat rather than butterfly.

小題5:Why do Americans prefer to eat beef?

A．Because beef provides a lot of energy people require.

B．Because beef is on the list of the most nutritious foods.

C．Because they have the ideal condition to keep and ship cattle.

D．Because cattle are large animals.

Comprehensive lifestyle changes including a better diet and more exercise can lead not only to a better physique, but also to swift and dramatic changes at the genetic level, U.S. researchers said on Monday. In a small study, the researchers tracked 30 men with low-risk prostate cancer（前列腺癌）who decided against conventional medical treatment such as surgery and radiation or hormone therapy.  
The men underwent three months of major lifestyle changes, including eating a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and soy products, moderate exercise such as walking for half an hour a day, and an hour of daily stress management methods such as meditation（冥想）. As expected, they lost weight, lowered their blood pressure and saw other health improvements. But the researchers found more profound changes when they compared prostate biopsies taken before and after the lifestyle changes. After the three months, the men had changes in activity in about 500 genes -- including 48 that were turned on and 453 genes that were turned off. The activity of disease-preventing genes increased while a number of disease-promoting genes, including those involved in prostate cancer and breast cancer, shut down, according to the study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The research was led by Dr. Dean Ornish, head of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, and a well-known author advocating lifestyle changes to improve health. "It's an exciting finding because so often people say, 'Oh, it's all in my genes, what can I do?' Well, it turns out you may be able to do a lot," Ornish, who is also connected with the University of California, San Francisco, said in a telephone interview. "'In just three months, I can change hundreds of my genes simply by changing what I eat and how I live'. That's pretty exciting," Ornish said. "The implications of our study are not limited to men with prostate cancer."  
60. The article basically states that a healthy lifestyle__________.  
A. can even change your genes for the better.  
B. has no effect on your genes.  
C. is good for the environment.  
D. helps men recover from prostate cancer.  
61. Apart from eating healthy food and exercising, the men in the study__________.
A. were put under a lot of stress.  
B. were walking for hours a day..  
C. were taught stress management methods.  
D. were thinking for a whole day.
62. In total, how many disease-preventing genes turned on as a result of the healthy lifestyle?
A.   30           B. 453                   C.500             D. 48
63. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the article?
A. The men with low-risk prostate in the study lost weight and lowered their blood pressure.
B. A famous author and Dr. Dean Ornish led this research.
C. Dr. Dean Ornish expressed his optimism about this research in a telephone interview.
D. Conventional medical treatment has no effect on the men with prostate cancer.

第三部分：閱讀理解（共20小題，每小題2題，滿分40分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A，B，C，和D）中，選出最佳選項。
Who says Americans worship the almighty dollar? It’s not true．Having enough free time is more important to most Americans than being rich, according to a new poll．
Only 13 percent of more than 2,400 people questioned in the telephone poll ranked being wealthy as most important to them, while 67 percent ranked free time as their top priority, higher than having a successful career, getting married, and having children．"Everyone wants free time to do the things they want to do, young, middle-aged or old," said Richard Morin, of the Pew Social & Demographic Trends Project, which conducted the survey．"So our desire to play unites us．"
The poll also showed that people who were university educated valued career success over wealth, as middle-aged people did．Not surprisingly, those who didn't have money, ranked wealth very highly．This included minorities, first generation Americans and less educated people．The survey also revealed that a disproportionate （不成比例的） number of people under the age of 30 and retirees in the group made $ 20,000 or less a year．But the emphasis on wealth lessens with age, with younger people putting value on it but hardly any seniors．"It just diminishes with time as the reality sets in that you would never be rich," Morin said．"But also, the reality sets in that you don't have to be rich to lead a very comfortable and fulfilling life．"
While wealth was not at the top of people' s list of priorities, 43 percent still said it was somewhat important．
56．The poll showed that the majority of American people ranked ____ as the most important．
A．wealth              B．a(chǎn) successful career 
C．marriage            D．free time
57．Who cares least for wealth, according to the passage?
A．Young people．                    B．Middle-aged people．
C．Old people．                       D．Well-educated people．
58．The underlined word "diminishes" in the third paragraph probably means "____"．
A．to increase          B．to decrease          C．to change          D．to stay