Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”, that’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak(最高峰). For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why it is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues(自言自語)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” the possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature—and—energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract(對抗)your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn(呵欠)and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
小題1:If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.
A．he is a lazy person       
B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low
D he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
小題2: Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?

A．Not knowing about the energy cycle

B．Familiar monologues

C．A change in a family member’s energy cycle

D．Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members

小題3:If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should ______.

A．change his energy cycle	B．overcome his laziness
C．get up earlier than usual	D．go to bed earlier

小題4:You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.

A．help to keep your energy for the day’s work

B．help you to control your temper early in the day

C．enable you to concentrate on your routine work

D．keep your energy cycle under control all day

A bowl of soup a day could keep the pounds at bay.
Health experts have discovered that adding low-calorie vegetable soup to the start of a meal can actually help to lose weight. Because you tend to feel full sooner, you eat less of your main course.
The soup method was tested by researchers at Pennsylvania State University, led by Dr Barbara Rolls. They found that when participants in the study ate a first course of soup before lunch they reduced their total calorie intake by 20 per cent, compared with those who did not begin the meal with soup. But those who favour creamy soups should beware. Researchers stressed the soup must be low-calorie and based on stock, not cream.
All of the soups tested in the study were made from the same elements—chicken stock (原汁雞湯), broccoli (菜花), potato, cauliflower (花椰菜) and carrots. They were mixed together to create four different textures and thickness from separate stock and vegetables through to pureed (蔬菜泥) soup.
Scientists thought that thick soups with thick pieces of vegetables which required chewing might be more filling, but to their surprise they found all forms had the same effect. The findings were presented to the Experimental Biology conference in Washington, DC, and the research was part funded by the National Institutes of Health. 
小題1:The passage mainly discusses _____.

A．how to lose weight in a simple way	B．what kind of soup to be served at a meal
C．how to form a healthy eating habit	D．why eating soup could help lose weight

小題2: What does the sentence “A bowl of soup a day could keep the pounds at bay” imply?

A．Eating soup equals to swimming in a sea.

B．Eating a bowl of soup every meal is enough to keep fit.

C．Eating soup every day can help you to lose weight.

D．Making soup every day could cost you a lot of money.

小題3: Which of following is the possible result of eating soup before a meal?

A．Dropping the amount of calorie intake.	B．Reducing your weight by 20%.
C．Doing good to your growing high.	D．Helping you eat more.

小題4: Which of the following statements is correct in making the soup?

A．The materials for making soup must be limited to vegetables.

B．The soup must be made low- calorie.

C．The thickness of the soup makes a difference.

D．The soup must be mixed with some cream.

Most young people enjoy some form of physical activity. It may be walking, cycling or swimming, winter skating or skiing in winter. It may be a game of some kind, football, hockey, golf or tennis. It may be mountaineering（爬山）.
Those who have a passion（熱情）for climbing high and difficult mountains are often looked upon with astonishment. Why are men and women willing to suffer cold and hardship, and to take risks on high mountains? This astonishment is caused probably by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activity to which men give their leisure.
Mountaineering is a sport and not a game. There are no man-made rules, as there are for such games as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of a different thing that it would be dangerous to ignore（忽視），but it is this freedom from man-made rules that makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to use their own methods.
If we compare mountaineering and other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is that mountaineering is not a “team game”. We should be mistaken in this. There are, it is true, no“matches”between“teams”of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may depend, there is obviously teamwork.
The mountain climber knows that he may have to fight forces that are stronger and more powerful than men. He has to fight the forces of nature. His sport requires high mental and physical qualities
A mountain climber continues to improve in skill year after year. A skier is probably past his best by the age of thirty, and most international tennis champions are in their early twenties. But it is not unusual for a man of fifty or sixty to climb the highest mountains in the Alps. They may take more time than younger men, but they probably climb with more skill and less waste of efforts and they certainly experience equal enjoyment.
小題1:Mountaineering involves      .

A．cold

B．hardship

C．physical risk

D．a(chǎn)ll of the above

小題2:The difference between a sport and a game has something to do with the kind of        .

A．a(chǎn)ctivity

B．rules

C．uniform

D．participants

小題3:Mountaineering can be called a team sport because      .

A．it is an Olympic event

B．teams compete against each other

C．mountaineers depend on each other while climbing

D．there are 5 climbers on each team.

小題4:Which is the best title for the passage?

A．Mountaineering Is Different from Golf and Football k

B．Mountaineering Is More Attractive than Other Sports

C．Mountaineering

D．Mountain Climbers

Like a growing number of young women in Vietnam’s northern part city of Haiphong, Pham Thi Hue was infected with HIV by her husband, one of the town’s many drug users. But instead of being shamed into silence, as Vietnamese with HIV and AIDS are, the 25-year-old tailor and mother of one went public, appearing on television and at conferences. Her business suffered and her neighbors insulted (辱罵)her, but Hue has now become the public face of Mothers and Wives, an HIV/ AIDS support group established in Haiphong by a Norwegian nongovernmental organization and her neighborhood’s People’s Committee. Last year, she founded a smaller group named after a local flower. People who need advice on treatment or help preparing bodies for burial can dial a hot line and get assistance from able and sympathetic(同情的)HIV victims. “We gather to support each other,” Hue says. “When we are sick, what we need most is encouragement and comfort from people who understand our situation and are willing to share our happiness, as well as our sadness.”
On a hot and damp night last month, Hue welcomed into her small home a very thin woman, also a tailor, who was HIV positive. The woman tearfully told Hue that she had not told anyone about her condition, fearing that she would lose customers and that her daughter would be insulted at school. Hue became the wise elder, offering medical and personal advice.
小題1:What did Pham Thi Hue do after she was infected with HIV?

A．She kept silent	B．She worked as usual
C．She stayed at home and cried every day.	D．She went public and gave help to others.

小題2:It can be inferred from the passage that the group Pham Thi Hue founded is made up of____.

A．drug users

B．HIV victims

C．a(chǎn)ll kinds of patients

D．poor people

小題3: From the passage we can learn that Pham Thi Hue is a woman who is_______.

A．weak and kind

B．foolish and idle

C．brave and helpful

D．cautious and energetic

Most of us fear getting up and speaking in public. Many people don’t like to go gathering where they don’t know anyone, but while most of us soldier on (迎難而上), those with social anxiety disorder are often stopped by the terror and worry.
Research shows that around fifteen million Americans suffer from social anxiety disorder. People in this condition feel that they are always being watched. Even though they know these fears are unreasonable, they cannot overcome their fears on their own.
Social anxiety disorder sufferers are often misdiagnosed with conditions such as schizophrenia (精神分裂癥) and personality disorder. Many feel lonely, and are unsure whether anyone else can understand their thoughts and emotions. This can lead to withdrawal from most social situations, even to being unable to hold employment.
Those who suffer from social anxiety disorder are often dismissed(辭退)as being shy. This is simply not the case; shyness is not even a symptom of social anxiety disorder. The majority of sufferers find their symptoms linked to specific situations, rather than all types of social interactions.
An important step in overcoming social anxiety disorder is seeking out a therapist who specializes in training this type of disorder. Group treatment has been shown to be especially effective. Medication also help reduce the symptoms, but it should not be used as a replacement for psychotherapy (心理療法).
On your own, you can help reduce the symptoms by taking deep breaths and practising medication or prayer. Alcohol and nicotine should be avoided, as both can cause panic attacks. Exercises can relieve the symptoms, because it burns up the chemicals in your body that cause stress.
54.Patients with social anxiety disorder_________________.
A. are shy in all situations
B. feel they don’t understand themselves
C. are anxious and terrified while speaking in public
D. feel it is unreasonable to be watched by others
55. We know from the passage that___________________________________.
A. most people will try to fight against social anxiety disorder
B. shyness is the main symptom of social anxiety disorder
C. people who feel lonely are often misdiagnosed with social anxiety disorder
D. psychotherapy is very important in treating social anxiety disorder
56. According to the passage, if Jack suffers from social anxiety disorder, he should_________.
A. burn up some unsafe chemicals             B. ask for help from a doctor
C. practise speaking in public                 D. resign from his present job
57. We are most likely to find this passage in__________.
A. American Culture                        B. Cross Country
         C. Family Doctor                          D. English Nature

There is an old saying in English： "Laughter is the best medicine". Until recently, few people took the saying very seriously. Now, however, doctors have begun to investigate laughter and the effects it has on the human body. They have found evidence that laughter really can improve people's health.
Tests were carried out to study the effects of laughter on the body. People watched funny films, while doctors checked their heart rate, blood pressure, breathing and muscles. It was found that laughter has similar effects to physical exercise. It increases blood pressure, the heart rate and the rate of breathing； it also works several groups of muscles in the face, the stomach, and even the feet. If laughter exercises the body, it must be beneficial.
Other tests have shown that laughter appears to be capable of reducing the effect of pain on the body. In one experiment doctors produced pain in groups of students who listened to different radio programs. The group which tolerated the pain for the longest time was 'the group which listened to a funny program. The reason why laughter can reduce pain seems to be that it helps to produce endorphins （內(nèi)啡肽） in the brain. These are natural chemicals which diminish both stress and pain.
There is also some evidence to suggest that laughter helps the body's immune(免疫的)system, that is, the system which fights infection. In an experiment, one group of students watched a funny video while another group served as the control group - in other words, a group with which to compare the first group. Doctors checked the blood of the students in both groups and found that the people in the group that watched the video had an increase in the activity of their white blood cells, that is, the cells which fight infection.
As a result of these discoveries, some doctors and psychiatrists （精神病學家） in the United States now hold laughter clinics, in which they try to improve their patients' condition by encouraging them to laugh. They have found that even if their patients do not really feel like laughing, making them smile is enough to produce beneficial effects similar to those caused by laughter.
小題1: We learn from the first paragraph that laughter____________________.

A．is good for one's health

B．is related to some illness

C．has been investigated long since

D．has no effect on the body

小題2:Doctors have found that laughter_______________________.

A．keeps down blood pressure.

B．has similar effects to physical exercise

C．decreases the heart rate

D．increases stress

小題3:Which of the following statements is NOT true of laughter, according to the passage?

A．It reduces pain.

B．It exercises the body.

C．It improves the body's immune system.

D．It can cure cancer.

小題4:The writer's attitude towards laughter is__________.

A．critical

B．doubtful

C．positive

D．negative

I came to live here where I am now between Wounded Knee Greek and Grass Greek。Others came too, and we made these little grey houses of logs that you see, and they are square. It is a bad way to live, for there can be no power in a square.
You have noticed that everything an Indian does is in a circle, and that is because the Power of the World always works in circles, and everything tries to be round. In the old days when we were strong and happy people, all our power came to us from the respectful circle of the nation, and so long as the circle was unbroken, the people were getting rich. The flowering tree was the living center of the circle, and the circle of the four quarters nursed it. The east gave peace and light, the south gave warmth, the west gave rain, and the north with its cold and strong wind gave strength and continuous power.
This knowledge came to us from the outer world with our brief. Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round, and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball, and so are all the stars. Birds make their nests in circle, for theirs are the same as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same, and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing, and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood, and so it is in everything where power moves.
Our places were like the nests of birds, and these were always set in a circle, the nation’s circle, a nest of many nests, where the Great Spirit meant for us to nurse our children.
But the “white people” have put us in these square boxes. Our power is gone and we are dying, for the power is not in us any more. You can look at our boys and see how it is with us. Where we were living by the power of the circle in the way we should, boys were men at twelve or thirteen years of age. But now it takes them very much longer to grow up.
小題1:According to the passage, the Indians _______.

A．don’t have modern instruments in their homes

B．refused to move from round places

C．lived in round places, but were forced to live in square houses

D．lived in round places, but then decided to move into square houses

小題2:Two things being compared in the passage are _______.

A．the Indians’ past and present living conditions

B．the Indians’ past and modern beliefs

C．the Indians’ old and new power

D．people and nature

小題3:In the second paragraph “the four quarters” refers to _______.

A．the four rooms of the Indian’s house

B．the four kinds of natural power

C．the four seasons

D．the four directions

小題4:According to the author, once the Indians moved into square houses, _______.

A．they had to move to other houses

B．boys took more time to grow into men

C．they forgot the old way of life

D．everyone was not happy

We have met the enemy and he is ours We bought him at a pet shop. When monkey-pox, a disease usually found in the African rain forest suddenly turns up in children in the American .Midwest it’s hard not to wonder of the disease that comes from foreign animals is homing in on human beings. “Most of the infections （感染）we think of as human infections started in other animals “ says Stephen Morse director of the Center for Public Health Preparedness at Columbia University.
It’s not just that we’re going to where the animals are; we’re also bringing them closer to us Popular foreign pets have brought a whole new disease to this country A strange illness killed Isaksen’s pets and she now thinks that keeping foreign pets is a bad idea “I don’t think it’s fair to have them as pets when we have such a limited knowledge of them “says Isaksen
“Laws allowing these animals to be brought in from deep forest areas without stricter control need changing “says Peter Schantz Monkey-pox may be the wake-up call. Researchers believe infected animals may infect their owners. We know very little about these new diseases A new bug（病毒）may be kind at first. But it may develop into something harmful（有害的）Monkey-pox doesn’t look a major infectious disease But is not impossible to pass the disease from person to person
小題1:We learn from Paragraph I that the pet sold at the shop may_______.

A．come from Columbia

B．prevent us from being infected

C．enjoy being with children

D．suffer from monkey-pox

小題2:Why did Isaksen advise people not to have foreign pets?

A．They attack human beings

B．We need to study native animals

C．They can’t live out of the rain forest

D．We do not know much about them yet

小題3:What does she phrase “the wake-up call” in paragraph 3 most probably mean?

A．a(chǎn) new disease

B．a(chǎn) clear warning

C．a(chǎn) dangerous animal

D．a(chǎn) morning call

小題4:The text suggests that in the future we               .

A．may have to fight against more new diseases

B．may easily get infected by diseases from dogs

C．should not be allowed to have pets

D．should stop buying pests from Africa

Drunken driving sometimes called American's socially accepted form of murder has become a national epidemic（流行�。�．Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up to an incredible 250,000 over the past ten years．A drunken driver is usually referred to as one with 0．10-blood alcohol content or roughly three beers, glasses of wines or shots of whisky drunk within two hours．Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American manly image and judges were lenient in most courts, but the drunken killing has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially concerning young children, that public opinion is no longer tolerant．
Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend （逆轉(zhuǎn)潮流） in the 1960s to reduce it to 18．After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18-20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped it back to 21．
Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink．
Some states are punishing bars for serving customers too many drinks．A bar in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was "obviously drunk" and later drove off the land, killing a nine-year-old boy．
As the accidents continue to occur daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years national prohibition （禁令） of alcohol that began in 1919, which President Hoover called the "noble experiment"．They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption （腐敗） and organized crime．As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution．
小題1:It can be inferred from the passage that drunken driving has become a major problem in the United States because___．

A．most Americans like drinking

B．heavy dinking is hard to avoid

C．Americans are not shocked by traffic accidents

D．many Americans are killed by traffic accidents

小題2:What can be inferred from the fact of the traffic accidents in New Jersey?

A．Drivers should not be allowed to drink．

B．Young drivers were usually bad．

C．The legal drinking age should be raised．

D．Some drivers didn't reach the legal drinking age．

小題3:The underlined word "lenient" in the first paragraph means___．

A．cruel

B．serious

C．determined

D．merciful§

小題4:Which of the following best shows the writer's opinion of drunken driving?

A．It may cause organized crime．

B．The new laws can stop heavy drinking．

C．There should be no bars to serve drinks．

D．It is difficult to solve the problem．

I know what you’re thinking: pizza（比薩餅）？ For breakfast? But the truth is that you can have last night’s leftovers in the a.m. if you want to.
I know lots of women who skip breakfast (不吃早飯), and they have a ton of different excuses for doing it. Some say they don’t have time, others think they’re “saying” calories (卡路里)，still others just don’t like breakfast food.學科But the bottom line is that eating in the morning is very important when you’re trying to lose weight .“Eating just about anything from 300 to 400 calories would be better than nothing at all,” says Katherine Brooking, R.D. ,  who developed the super-easy eating plan for this year’s “SELF CHALLENGE”. And even pizza can be healthy if it’s loaded with vegetables, and you stick to one small piece.學科Breakfast is one meal I never miss, and the same goes for most weight loss success stories. Research shows that eating breakfast keeps you from overeating later in the day. Researchers at the University of Southern California found that breakfast skippers have a bigger chance of gaining weight than those who regularly have a morning meal.
So eat something in the morning, anything. I know plenty of friends who end up having no breakfast altogether, and have just coffee or orange juice. I say, try heating up last night’s leftovers – it may sound crazy, but if it works for you, do it! I find if I tell myself, “You can always eat it tomorrow.” I put away the leftovers instead of eating more that night. Try it … you may save yourself some pre-bedtime calories. And watch your body gain the fat-burning effects.
小題1:The word “l(fā)eftovers” in paragraph I probably means  ______.

A．food remaining after a meal	B．things left undone
C．meals made of vegetables	D．pizza topped with fruit

小題2:What can we infer from the text?

A．Working women usually have breakfast in a hurry.

B．Many people have wrong ideas about breakfast.

C．There are some easy ways of cooking a meal.

D．Eating vegetables helps save energy.

小題3:According to the last paragraph, it is important to _______.

A．eat something for breakfast	B．be careful about what you cat
C．heat up food before eating it	D．cat calorie-controlled food

小題4:The text is written mainly for those _______.

A．who go to work early	B．who want to lose weight
C．who stay up late	D．who eat before sleep