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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Global Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellite-based systems provide turn-by-turn directions to help people get to where they want to go. But, they can also cause a lot of problems, send you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.
We spoke to Mr. Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPS-equipped car to use during his stay. Barry Brown: “And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination. And, then it wasn’t until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they actually put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in. So again, the GPS is kind of 'garbage in garbage out'.”
Mister Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment. Barry Brown: “One problem with a lot of the GPS units is they have a very small screen and they just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that it’s going to the wrong place.”
Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While there, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in people’s cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.” It lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.
Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together

  1. 1.

    In Paragraph 2, Mr. Brown mentioned his friend in the conversation to ______.

    1. A.
      build up his own reputation
    2. B.
      laugh at his stupid friend
    3. C.
      prove the GPS system is only garbage
    4. D.
      describe an example of human error
  2. 2.

    With which of the following statement would Barry Brown most likely agree?

    1. A.
      GPS units are to blame for the most GPS service failures
    2. B.
      We should introduce higher standard for the driving license
    3. C.
      Cameras are urgently needed to help improve GPS systems
    4. D.
      Drivers, GPS systems and passengers should unite to improve GPS systems
  3. 3.

    What is Mr. Brown’s attitude towards GPS?

    1. A.
      Unconcerned
    2. B.
      Prejudiced
    3. C.
      Objective
    4. D.
      Critical
  4. 4.

    What would be the best title for the text?

    1. A.
      driving with GPS can be difficult
    2. B.
      driving confusions can be caused by small screen
    3. C.
      driving without GPS should be much more convenient
    4. D.
      GPS equipment in driving: to be deserted or improved?

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Paul was a good athlete when he was a middle school student. He liked running and jumping and won some medals at the sports meetings. So he was tall and strong. Suddenly war broke out and the young man joined the army. He was sent to the front and killed several enemy soldiers. Two years later he raturned to his home town and found a job at the police station. People had known about his bravery by then and they all liked the polite young man.
One day a few young men had drunk too much before they came in a cinema. They danced and sang there and the film couldn't be shown. Paul was ill that day and went to the hospital. When he was passing there, the young men were beating an old man. He went to stop them and they began to fight. He caught them all and sent them to the police station. Since then all the bad men in the town were afraid of the brave policeman.
It was a summer evening. The weather was hot and few people could stay indoors. Paul was on duty and sat by the telephone. Suddenly in rushed a beautiful girl with a book in her hand. She stood there, shaking in her shoes.
“What's the matter, madam? ”asked Paul.
“I wish you could protect me sir, ”answered the girl.
“Protect? ”P(pán)aul said in surprise. “For what? ”
The girl showed the book to Paul. The young man understood at once: it was a book about Ghosts（鬼）！

  1. 1.

    Paul won some medals because ____. 

    1. A.
      he was a middle school student
    2. B.
      he was tall and strong
    3. C.
      he kept doing morning exercises
    4. D.
      he was good at running and jumping
  2. 2.

    Paul was ____ after he joined the army.

    1. A.
      a good athlete
    2. B.
      a brave soldier
    3. C.
      a polite policeman
    4. D.
      a brave policeman
  3. 3.

    Paul sent the young men to the police station because ____.  

    1. A.
      they made some trouble（鬧事）at the cinema
    2. B.
      they drank much in the restaurant
    3. C.
      they wouldn't see the filin
    4. D.
      they wanted to fight with him
  4. 4.

    Paul sat by the telephone that evening because ____. 

    1. A.
      he was waiting for an important call
    2. B.
      he was going to call somebody
    3. C.
      he was on duty
    4. D.
      he wasn't afraid of hotness

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Salt plays an important role in our daily diet. Even a small reduction in salt in the diet can be a big help to the heart. A new study used a computer model to predict -how just three grams less a day would affect heart disease in the United States.
The result: Thirteen percent fewer heart attacks. Eight percent fewer strokes. Four percent fewer deaths. Eleven percent fewer new cases of heart disease. And two hundred forty billion dollars in health care savings. Researchers found it could prevent one hundred thousand heart attacks and ninety-two thousand deaths every year．
The study is in the New England Journal of Medicine. Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo at the University of California San Francisco was the lead author. She says people would not even notice a difference in taste with three grams,or one-half teaspoon, less salt per day. The team also included researchers at Stanford and Columbia University. Each gram of salt contains four hundred milligrams of sodiu(鈉), which is how foods may list their salt content．
The government says the average American man eats ten grams of salt a day. The American Heart Association advises no more than three grams for healthy people. It says salt in the American diet has increased fifty percent since the nineteen seventies, while blood pressures have also risen. Less salt can mean a lower blood pressure.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg is leading an effort called the National Salt Reduction Initiative.The idea is to put pressure on food companies and restaurants. Critics call it government interference.
Mayor Bloomberg has already succeeded in other areas, like requiring fast food places in the city to list calorie information. Now a study by the Seattle Children's Research Institute shows that the calorie information on the menu can influence what parents order for their children. Ninety-nine parents of three to six year olds took part. Half had calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves. McDonald's menus clearly showing how many calories were in each food. Parents given the counts chose an average of one hundred two fewer calories when asked what they would order for their children. Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves.
Study leader Pooja Tandon says even small calorie reductions on a regular basis can prevent weight gain over time.The study was published in the journal Pediatrics．

  1. 1.

    Which of the following benefits does less salt diet in the passage NOT cover?

    1. A.
      The decrease of strokes
    2. B.
      The prevention of weight gain
    3. C.
      Fewer heart attacks
    4. D.
      The drop in medical care cost
  2. 2.

    It can be inferred from the passage that ______.

    1. A.
      Americans ate no more than 5 grams of salt per day in the 1970s
    2. B.
      the American Heart Association suggests less than 3 grams of salt a day for everyone
    3. C.
      the less salt one eats, the healthier he will be
    4. D.
      all the heart diseases result from eating too much salt
  3. 3.

    The National Salt Reduction Initiative aims to______.

    1. A.
      inform people of the harm that salt does to health
    2. B.
      attract the public attention to the problem
    3. C.
      require fast food places to list salt information
    4. D.
      put pressure on food companies and restaurants
  4. 4.

    The underlined sentence "Yet there was no difference in calories between the two groups for foods that the parents would have chosen for themselves." implies that ______.

    1. A.
      Parents pay less attention to the amount of calories in their diet
    2. B.
      Parents set a good example to their children in daily diet
    3. C.
      Parents take less salt than before while taking meals
    4. D.
      Most parents are on a diet for their health
  5. 5.

    Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?

    1. A.
      Relationship between Salt and Health
    2. B.
      Less Salt Can Mean Being More Healthy
    3. C.
      A Survey on People's Regular Diet
    4. D.
      Mayor Michael Bloomberg and His Health Project

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

My mind went blank when I saw the gun pointing against the car window as we pulled out of the garage. This can’t be happening to me. Then I felt the gun, cold, against my head, and I heard my friend Jeremy saying, “What do you want? Take my wallet,” but at the time I thought of nothing.
I remember being a little annoyed when the gunman pulled me from the car by the hair. I remember the walk to the house --- Jeremy, me, the two men with two guns. I remember the fear and anger in the gunmen’s voices because Jeremy was being slow, and I remember wondering why he was being slow. I did not realize that Jeremy had thrown the keys into the bush. But I remember that sound of the gun hitting Jeremy’s head and the feeling as the man who had hold of my hair released me. And I remember the split second when I realized he was looking at Jeremy, and I remember wondering how far I could run before he pulled the trigger. But I was already running, and upon reaching the car across the street, I didn’t crouch(蹲伏) behind it but screamed instead.
I remember thinking there was something ridiculous and illogical about screaming “Help, help!” at eight o’clock on a Tuesday evening in December and changing my plea(懇求) to the more specific “Help, let me in, please let me in!” But the houses were cold, closed, unfriendly, and I ran on until I heard Jeremy’s screams behind me announcing that our attackers had fled.
The neighbors who had not opened their doors to us came out with baseball bats and helped Jeremy find his glasses and keys. In a group they were very brave. We waited for the police to come until someone said to someone else that the noodles were getting cold, and I said politely, “Please go and eat. We’re O.K.”
I was happy to see them go. They had been talking of stricter sentences for criminals, of bringing back the death penalty(處罰) and how the President is going to clean up the country. I was thinking, they could be saying all of this over my dead body, and I still feel that stiffer sentences wouldn’t change a thing. In a rush all the anger I should have felt for my attackers was directed against these contented people standing in front of their warm, comfortable homes talking about all the guns they were going to buy. What good would guns have been to Jeremy and me?
People all over the neighborhood had called to report our screams, and the police turned out in force twenty minutes later. They were ill-tempered about what was, to them, much trouble about nothing. After all, Jeremy was hardly hurt, and we were hopeless when it came to describing the gunmen. “Typical,” said one policeman when we couldn’t even agree on how tall the men were. Both of us were able to describe the guns in horrifying detail, but the two policemen who stayed to make the report didn’t think that would be much help.
The policemen were matter-of-fact about the whole thing. The thin one said, “That was a stupid thing to do, throwing away the keys. When a man has a gun against your head you do what you’re told.” Jeremy looked properly embarrassed.
Then the fat policeman came up and the thin one went to look around the outside of the house. “That was the best thing you could have done, throwing away the keys,” he said. “If you had gone into the house with them…” His voice became weaker. “They would have hurt her” --- he twisted his head toward me – “and killed you both.” Jeremy looked happier. “Look,” said the fat policeman kindly, “there’s no right or wrong in the situation. There’s just luck.”
All that sleepless night I replayed the moment those black gloves came up to the car window. How long did the whole thing last? Three minutes, five, eight? No matter how many hours of my life I may spend reliving it, I know there is no way to prepare for the next time --- no intelligent response to a gun. The fat cop was right. There’s only luck. The next time I might end up dead.
And I’m sure there will be a next time. It can happen anywhere, anytime, to anyone. Security is an illusion(幻覺(jué)); there is no safety in locks or in guns. Guns make some people feel safe and some people feel strong, but they’re fooling themselves

  1. 1.

    When the writer saw the gun pointing against the car window,______.

    1. A.
      she felt very annoyed
    2. B.
      she lost consciousness
    3. C.
      she felt very much nervous
    4. D.
      she lost the power of thinking
  2. 2.

    What most possibly drove the two gunmen away?

    1. A.
      Jeremy’s fighting
    2. B.
      The author’s screaming
    3. C.
      Their neighbour’s brave action
    4. D.
      The police’s arrival
  3. 3.

    When the author called for help, the neighbors didn’t come out immediately because______.

    1. A.
      they were much too frightened
    2. B.
      they were busy preparing dinners
    3. C.
      they needed time to find baseball bats
    4. D.
      they thought someone was playing a trick
  4. 4.

    The author was happy to see the neighbors go because______.

    1. A.
      she hated to listen to their empty talk
    2. B.
      she did not want to become an object of pity
    3. C.
      she was angered by their being late to come to her help
    4. D.
      she wanted to be left alone with Jeremy to get over the shock
  5. 5.

    The police were rather angry because ______.

    1. A.
      the author was not hurt and gave a false alarm
    2. B.
      they thought it was a case of little importance
    3. C.
      the author and Jeremy could not tell the police anything
    4. D.
      the gunmen had already fled when they arrived on the scene
  6. 6.

    What the author wants to tell us is that______.

    1. A.
      neighbors are not helpful in moments of difficulty
    2. B.
      the police are not reliable when one is in trouble
    3. C.
      security is impossible as long as people can have guns
    4. D.
      preventing robbers entering your house is the best choice

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests they both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.
“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parent—child activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.
No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”
But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.”
Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic(民主的) process that encourages everyone to have a say.
“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the  ‘a(chǎn)fter’ side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily done by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”

  1. 1.

    The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means ______.

    1. A.
      interest
    2. B.
      distance
    3. C.
      difference
    4. D.
      separation
  2. 2.

    Which of the following shows that the generation gap is disappearing?

    1. A.
      Parents help their children develop interests in more activities
    2. B.
      Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities
    3. C.
      Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs
    4. D.
      Parents share more interests with their children
  3. 3.

    The change in today’s parent-child relationship is ______.

    1. A.
      more confusion among parents
    2. B.
      new equality between parents and children
    3. C.
      1ess respect for parents from children
    4. D.
      more strictness and authority on the part of parents
  4. 4.

    By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘a(chǎn)fter’ side.” the author means that today’s parents ______.

    1. A.
      follow the change
    2. B.
      can set a limit to the change
    3. C.
      fail to take the change seriously
    4. D.
      have much difficulty changing their ideas

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Today many people say that women have the same chance as men in society. But this was not always so. In the past, women all over the world had to fight to get the same chance as men in education and jobs. Many people said that women should not receive much education because they would not do as well as men when they went to work.
One woman who showed that women should have the same chance was Marie, a scientist. In the 1800s scientists knew that a metal, uranium, gave off radiation. They also knew how much radiation came from his element. But they didn’t know what this radiation was like; they wondered why and how uranium gave off radiation. Marie Curie set out to answer these questions. In one of her experiments she was studying a certain material which, she knew, contained uranium, But it gave off 4 times as much radiation as usually does. What could explain this fact? Marie Curie thought that there must be another source of radiation in this material.
In 1898 Marie Curie set out to find out this new source of radiation, which she named “radium”. Her husband, who was also a scientist, helped her. They set up a laboratory in an old building behind a school. For four years Curies searched, doing many experiments, And one morning in 1902 Marie found the source of the radiation.
Marie Curie proved to the world that there was element that gave off radiation. And she also proved to the world that, if women are given truly equal chance, they can really help society

  1. 1.

    The scientists of Marie Curie’s day knew

    1. A.
      that uranium gave off radiation
    2. B.
      that radium gave off radiation
    3. C.
      that there was some radium in uranium
    4. D.
      that uranium and radium both gave off radiation
  2. 2.

    The Curies found the element radium

    1. A.
      with other scientists’ help
    2. B.
      by asking some famous scientists
    3. C.
      by doing many experiments
    4. D.
      with their teachers’ help
  3. 3.

    In the past many people thought

    1. A.
      that women must get the same chance as men in education and jobs
    2. B.
      that women should receive much education
    3. C.
      that women should get good jobs
    4. D.
      that women could not do the work well
  4. 4.

    Marie Curie proved to people

    1. A.
      that there was a new element uranium
    2. B.
      that there was a new element radium
    3. C.
      that women could do their work as well as men if they were really given the same conditions
    4. D.
      both B and C

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

“Well, what did I say？Buck’s a real fighter, all right,” said Francois the next morning when he discovered that Spitz had disappeared and that Buck was covered in blood．
“Spitz fought like a wolf,” said Perrault, as he looked at the bites all over Buck．
“And Buck fought like ten wolves,” answered Francois. “And we'll travel faster now. No more Spitz，no more trouble.”
Francois started to harness the dogs. He needed a new lead-dog, and decided that Solleks was the best dog that he had. But Buck jumped at Solleks and took his place．
“Look at Buck！” said Francois，laughing. “He's killed Spitz，and now he wants to be lead-dog．Go away, Buck！”
He pulled Buck away and tried to harness Solleks again．Solleks was unhappy too. He was frightened of Buck, and when Francois turned his back，Buck took Solleks’ place again. Now Francois was angry．
“I'll show you! ” he cried，and went to get a heavy club from the sledge．
Buck remembered the man in the red coat，and moved away. This time，when Solleks was harnessed as lead-dog，Buck did not try to move in．He kept a few meters away and circled around Francois carefully. But when Francois called him to his old place in front of Dave, Buck refused．He had won his fight with Spitz and he wanted to be lead-dog．
For an hour the two men tried to harness him．Buck did not run away，but he did not let them catch him．Finally，F(xiàn)rancois sat down，and Perrault looked at his watch．It was getting late. The two men looked at one another and smiled. Francois walked up to Solleks，took off his harness， led him back and harnessed him in his old place．Then he called Buck. All the other dogs were harnessed and the only empty place was now the one at the front. But Buck did not move．
“Put down the club,” said Perrault．
Francois dropped the club, and immediately Buck came up to the front of the team．Francois harnessed him, and in a minute the sledge was moving．
Buck was an excellent leader. He moved and thought quickly and led the other dogs well. A new leader made no difference to Dave and Solleks; they continued to pull hard．But the other dogs had had an easy life when Spitz was leading．They were surprised when Buck made them work hard and punished them for their mistakes. Pike，the second dog，was usually lazy；but by the end of the first day he was pulling harder than he had ever pulled in his life. The first night in camp Buck fought Joe，another difficult dog，and after that there were no more problems with him．The team started to pull together，and to move faster and faster．
“I've never seen a dog like Buck!” cried Francois, “Never! He's worth a thousand dollars. What do you think, Perrault? ”
Perrault agreed．They were moving quickly，and covering more ground every day. The snow was good and hard，and no new snow fell．The temperature dropped to 45°C below zero, and didn't change．
This time there was more ice on the Thirty Mile River, and they crossed in a day．Some days they ran a hundred kilometers，or even more. They reached Skagway in fourteen days; the fastest time ever．

  1. 1.

    The writer mentioned “the man in the red coat” in the passage to show that____

    1. A.
      the man in the red coat once beat Buck severely with a club
    2. B.
      Buck remembered Francois was the man in the red coat
    3. C.
      the man in the red was quite friendly to Buck in his memory
    4. D.
      Buck remembered Francois was a friend of the man in the red coat
  2. 2.

    Why did Buck fight Joe the first night in camp?

    1. A.
      He wanted to get rid of Joe
    2. B.
      He wanted to make some trouble
    3. C.
      He was interested in fighting with others
    4. D.
      He wanted to teach Joe a lesson
  3. 3.

    According to the passage, which of the following is true about the other dogs?

    1. A.
      Dave stood in the second position in the team
    2. B.
      Joe was always quite lazy in the team
    3. C.
      Pike was a trouble-maker in the team
    4. D.
      Solleks was hard-working in the team
  4. 4.

    What did Francois think of Buck at the end of the passage?

    1. A.
      annoying
    2. B.
      admirable
    3. C.
      aggressive
    4. D.
      average
  5. 5.

    Which of the following best shows that Buck was an excellent leader?

    1. A.
      He killed Spitz at the beginning of the story
    2. B.
      He punished them for their mistakes
    3. C.
      He fought Joe the first night in camp
    4. D.
      They reached Skagway in the fastest time ever
  6. 6.

    Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      The Fight with Dogs
    2. B.
      The New Lead-dog
    3. C.
      A Dog Called Buck
    4. D.
      A Real Fighter

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

If you get a cellphone call, your sleeve(袖子) will soon be able to answer it. If you want to know how far you’ve run, your trousers will be able to tell you. Can’t decide what to wear? Wish your clothes were smart enough to decide for you? A new computer science technology may be able to help your clothing to do just that.
Mark Jones, a computer scientist, says, "We view electronic textiles (電子紡織品) as, sort of, where computing meets the fabric (編織品)."
This high-tech marriage is bringing up the wearable computers, like trousers that can interpret movement and let a computer know your every move.
A loom (織布機(jī)) helps make the wires and fabric together. Then special equipment in the fabric can measure the speed. Signals are then sent from the trousers to a computer to show the process.
Tom Martin also says, "E-textiles are a way for us to build wearable computers that look like normal clothing and can fit in fully with the environment."
Researchers also hope wearable computers will help save lives. "We will be able to tell what activity a person is doing. That sort of information is highly valuable when we’re trying to monitor someone with a long-term illness such as heart disease," Jones says. Monitoring your every step is something that clever clothing can do a little easier. Researchers plan on developing more smart clothes to integrate computers into shirts, hats and gloves

  1. 1.

    What does the underlined word "marriage" refer to in the passage?

    1. A.
      The special equipment in the fabric used to measure the speed of our movement
    2. B.
      The unity（結(jié)合）of fabric and computing materials to make smart clothes
    3. C.
      Wearable computers which fit in with the environment
    4. D.
      The influence of electronics and computer science technology
  2. 2.

    How will smart clothes be able to know the wearer’s every movement?

    1. A.
      There are the wires and fabric together
    2. B.
      There are signals in the smart clothes
    3. C.
      The computer built into them will control their every movement
    4. D.
      The clothing will have special equipment fixed into the fabric
  3. 3.

    The reason that people need smart clothes is that ______.

    1. A.
      people are too lazy to decide what to wear
    2. B.
      scientists want to prove their intelligence
    3. C.
      smart clothes can provide information about the wearer’s health
    4. D.
      smart clothes are as cheap as normal clothes
  4. 4.

    What is the best title for the passage?

    1. A.
      Connecting Clothes with High Technology
    2. B.
      New Ways to Discover Illnesses Early
    3. C.
      How to Use a Computer
    4. D.
      Smart Clothes and Exercise

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Teaching a child to read at a young age gives him a valuable start in life. Reading is the basic part of education and a child’s reading ability will influence his school success greatly. Learning difficulties, many of which begin from poor reading skills, can damage a school child’s confidence and affect his future achievement. Young children are programmed to learn and they can learn better with encouragement. Ten to twenty minutes of reading a day still leaves plenty of time for play.
Many parents are concerned that learning to read is too challenging a task for a pre-school child, but they should also remember that most children learn to speak by the time they are 3. Learning a language is probably the single most challenging task any individual can undertake, yet children do it without formal instruction, achieving the fluency much better than adult language students.
There is a window of opportunity in terms of IQ development, which is most open during a child’s early years. A scientific study, carried out by Dr. Peter Huttenlocher at the University of Chicago, showed that the number of connectors, called synapses（神經(jīng)元突觸）, between the nerve endings in a newborn baby’s brain is similar to the number in the average adult brain. These synapses increase rapidly during early childhood. By 12-24 months a child’s brain has about 50% more synapses than the average adult brain. After that the synapses which are not in use begin to atrophy（衰退）. For most people, from age 16, the number remains steady. It begins to drop again as we move into our golden years. Doing intellectual activities at a young age, such as learning to read, can stimulate（刺激）and preserve these connectors in the brain resulting in a long-term beneficial（有益的）effect on IQ development.
Another notable study is probably the Milwaukee project. This study took a group of babies, all of whose mothers had low IQs, and gave them special training for seven hours a day, five days a week, until they started first grade. By the age of 6 these children had an average IQ 30 points higher than their contemporaries. The overwhelming conclusion is that the early intellectual stimulation can have a positive, long-term effect on a child’s brain development.
From birth you should talk to and explain things to your baby. Reading to him can be a wonderful way of spending quality time with your child. The enjoyment of books and being familiar with the idea of print will pave the way for（為……鋪平道路）learning to read later.
If your child is a fast learner you can help him realize his potential by introducing him to the joy of the printed word at an early age. This will lay the foundations（基礎(chǔ)）for both a high achieving school career and a lifelong love of reading. If your child shows early signs of reading difficulties, your efforts may help him get rid of such problems before he goes to school.
It can be difficult to teach your own child because emotional（引起情緒激動(dòng)的）issues arise easily. Online programs for learning to read English are excellent options. They allow children to repeat new materials as many times as they need to, without wearing out the parents’ patience

  1. 1.

    What does the passage mainly discuss?

    1. A.
      Children should be taught to read at an early age
    2. B.
      Children can read better than most adult students
    3. C.
      Children have more synapses than most adults
    4. D.
      Children are supposed to learn to read on the Internet
  2. 2.

    Why does the author mention the study by Dr. Peter Hutten locher?

    1. A.
      To remove parents’ worry
    2. B.
      To explain IQ development
    3. C.
      To explain how a baby’s brain works
    4. D.
      To show the parents’ wrong ideas
  3. 3.

    How can children benefit from learning to read at a young age?

    1. A.
      It can build up great confidence in their mind
    2. B.
      It can help preserve the connectors in their brains
    3. C.
      It can help produce more connectors in their brains
    4. D.
      It can help them find both their weaknesses and strengths
  4. 4.

    At the end of this passage the author advises ______.

    1. A.
      parents not to get angry too often
    2. B.
      children to enjoy reading as early as possible
    3. C.
      children not to wear out their parents’ patience
    4. D.
      parents to get their children to take an online program

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科目： 來(lái)源： 題型：閱讀理解

Cold weather has a great effect on how our minds and our bodies work. Maybe that is why there are so many expressions that use the word “cold”. For centuries, the body’s blood has been linked closely with the emotions. People who show no human emotions or feelings, for example, are said to be cold-blooded. Cold-blooded people act in merciless ways. They may do brutal things to others, and not by accident. For example, a newspaper says the police are searching for a cold-blooded killer. The killer murdered someone, not in self-defense. He seemed to kill for no reason, and with no emotion, as if taking someone’s life meant nothing.
Cold can affect other parts of the body, the feet, for example. Heavy socks can you’re your feet, if your feet are really cold. But there is an expression—to get cold feet—that has nothing to do with cold or your feet.
The expression means being afraid to do something you have decided to do. For example, you agree to be president of an organization. But then you learn that all the other officers have resigned. All the work of the organization will be your responsibility. You are likely to get cold feet about being the president when you understand the situation.
Cold can also affect your shoulder. You give someone the cold shoulder when you refuse to speak to them. You treat them in a distant and cold way. The expression probably comes from the physical act of turning your back toward someone, instead of speaking to him face-to-face. You may give a cold shoulder to a friend who has not kept a promise he made to you, or to someone who has lied about you to others.
A cold fish is not a fish. It is a person. But it is a person who is unfriendly, unemotional and shows no love or warmth. A cold fish does not offer much of himself to anyone.
Out in the cold is an expression often heard. It means not getting something that everybody else got. A person might say that everybody but him got a pay raise, and that he was left out in the cold. And it is not a pleasant place to be

  1. 1.

    The passage is intended to tell us that ______

    1. A.
      cold weather has a great effect on human bodies
    2. B.
      many English expressions contain the word “cold”
    3. C.
      cold is a word closely linked with human emotions
    4. D.
      the word “cold” has many different meanings in English
  2. 2.

    The underlined word “brutal” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “______”

    1. A.
      impolite
    2. B.
      illegal
    3. C.
      cruel
    4. D.
      extreme
  3. 3.

    Which of the following expressions can best describe a person who is unwilling to offer anything to others?

    1. A.
      Cold-blooded
    2. B.
      To get cold feet
    3. C.
      A cold shoulder
    4. D.
      A cold fish
  4. 4.

    You can say Tom ______ if the teacher gives all the boys except him a pen as a prize

    1. A.
      is given the cold shoulder
    2. B.
      is left out in the cold
    3. C.
      has got cold feet
    4. D.
      is murdered by a cold-blooded killer
  5. 5.

    We can draw a conclusion from the passage that ______

    1. A.
      all the expressions containing the word “cold” have a negative meaning
    2. B.
      all the expressions containing the word “cold” have something to do with cold
    3. C.
      people who show no human emotions or feelings have cold blood
    4. D.
      many parts of the human body can be badly affected by cold

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