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20.Everythingthathe did seemed reasonable.

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19.I will hire the manwhothey say is a good English speaker.

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18.If you have a daughter,take the time to read this.It could save her a lot of heartache.Not to mention stomach aches,headaches,missed days of school,lower grades,eating issues and depression.
The sad truth is that every school,whether public or private,has mean girls.I bet you can still even remember who they are from your school.As a school consultant and mother of three daughters,I know firsthand both personally and professionallyhow much it hurts when girls are targeted by bullies(恃強(qiáng)凌弱者).
The old saying"sticks and stones may break my bones,but words will never hurt me,"couldn't be further from the truth.While boys usually bully through intimidation (脅迫),girls bully through exclusion,also called relational aggression.Here's an example of a case of relational bullying,taken from my experience as a school consultant:
"Heather"was miserable because a girl in her class,"Leslie,"was not only saying mean things to her face,but getting the other girls in the class to exclude her with the age old line"You can't be friends with me,if you're friends with her."In our sessions,Heather would complain that she didn't have anyone to play with because girls were afraid that if they hung around her they'd become Leslie's next target.
In order to improve the situation,I had to not only reduce the power Leslie had,but empower Heather as well.Here are some ideas that helped,adapted for use by parents:
Ask for specifics when your daughter mentions bullying.Who?Where?How?
Tell the principal and classroom teacher the specifics of how she is being bullied.Have them tell other teachers (i.e.,gym,art,music),hallway monitors and cafeteria staff so that everyone who comes in contact with her can be on the lookout and ready to interfere.
Explain to her that reporting an incident is not the same as tattling(打小報(bào)告),and have her tell an adult at school when she is being bullied.
Teach her to convey self-confidence by walking confidently,with her head up.Bullies target those they think are weaker.
Arrange opportunities for your daughter to socialize with her friends outside of school to help her maintain a strong social support system.
In Heather's case,these steps relieved the problem.But because it's tougher to catch girl bullies,it's extremely important for girls to tell an adult if they are being bullied.Unlike boys,who usually bully physically,mean girls often spread rumors,whisper as their target walks by,talk loudly about a party she wasn't invited to,give her the silent treatment,and as discussed above,tell others not to be friends with her.School personnel are there to help,but in order to do anything they must know a problem exists!
Bullying from mean girls
Passage outlineSupporting details
Different forms of girl bullying◇refusing to (71)include someone in groups
◇(72)threateningothers not to befriend someone
◇spreading rumors about someone
◇treating someone with (73)coldness
Bad effects of girl bullying ◇causing the victims to suffer both physically and (74)mentally
◇leading to the (75)declinein the victims'school performance
(76)Suggestions/Tips/Adviceon fighting against girl bullying◇Get (77)specificinformation about the bullying.
◇Inform the school staff to interfere with bullying.
◇Encourage kids to (78)seekhelp when bullied.
◇Develop confidence in your kids to (79)avoidshowing weakness.
◇Help kids to gain support by (80)socializingwith friends.
ConclusionThe problem of girl bullying can be solved by joint effort.

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17.To Apologize or Not to Apologize
Why difficult?
When we do wrong to someone we know,even not (41)B,we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation.But when we're acting as leaders,the circumstances are (42)D.The act of apology is carried out not merely at the level of the (43)A but also at the level of the institution.It is a performance in which every word or expression (44)B,as they become part of the public record.Refusing to apologize can be smart,or it can be stupid.So,readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong character or as a sign of weakness.
Why now?
The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more (45)A.During the last decade or so,the United States in particular has developed an apology culture-apologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more(46)Cthan before.More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of (47)Dapologies.Meanwhile,more and more articles,advice columns,and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of (48)C apologies.Although they are not carried out in the public place,we can't neglect the importance of this performance.
Why (49)A?
Why do we apologize?Why do we ever put ourselves in situations likely to be difficult,embarrassing,and even risky?Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target for (50)B.They are expected to appear strong and capable.And whenever they make public statements of any kind,their individual and institutional reputations are in danger.Clearly,then,leaders should not apologize often.For a leader to express apology,there needs to be a strong (51)C.Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.
Why refuse?
Why is it that leaders so often try every means to (52)D  apologies,even when a public apology seems to be in order?Their reasons can be individual or institutional.Because leaders are public figures,their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even (53)B risky.Apologies can be signals for admitting mistakes and mistakes can be indication of job insecurity.Leaders may also be afraid that (54)B  of a mistake will damage or destroy the organization for which they are responsible.There can be good reasons for hanging tough (硬撐) in tough situations,as we shall see,but it is a high-risk (55)D.
41.A.immediatelyB.intentionallyC.occasionallyD.a(chǎn)ccidentally
42.A.simpleB.ridiculousC.a(chǎn)bnormalD.different
43.A.individualB.companyC.familyD.society
44.A.conflictsB.mattersC.a(chǎn)ppealsD.deceives
45.A.urgentB.possibleC.necessaryD.simple
46.A.interestedlyB.patientlyC.frequentlyD.hopefully
47.A.faithfulB.trustyC.immediateD.public
48.A.sincereB.a(chǎn)cceptableC.privateD.positive
49.A.botherB.reduceC.regretD.ignore
50.A.promotionB.criticismC.a(chǎn)ppreciationD.identification
51.A.personalityB.willC.reasonD.desire
52.A.a(chǎn)ttemptB.involveC.commitD.a(chǎn)void
53.A.financiallyB.professionallyC.a(chǎn)cademicallyD.physically
54.A.a(chǎn)voidanceB.a(chǎn)dmissionC.involvementD.elimination
55.A.fulfillmentB.statementC.occupationD.strategy

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16.Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Paris agreement to fight climate change became international law Friday.The landmark deal aims to deal with global warming among growing (41)B that the world is becoming hotter even faster than scientists expected.
So far,96 countries,accounting for just over two-thirds of the world's greenhouse gas emissions,have formally joined the agreement,which (42)A to limit global warming this century to 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) above what it was before machines and (43)D appeared in the late 1700s.The United States (44)A entered into the agreement in September,and more countries are expected to come aboard in the coming weeks and months.
United Nations Secretary General Ban-Ki Moon celebrated the event,talking with nongovernmental groups at U.N.headquarters in New York to hear their concerns and (45)C for the future.
"This is an emotional moment for me.It is a credit to all of you.And it is (46)B for the world,"Ban said in his opening remarks.
He praised the (47)B for getting hundreds of millions of people to back fighting climate change but (48)C the outcome remained uncertain.
"We are still in a race (49)A time.We need to move on to a low-emission and climate-sustainable future,"Ban added.
Scientists praised the speed at which the agreement,signed by 192 parties last December in Paris,has come into force,saying it shows a new commitment by the international community to (50)C a problem that is melting polar ice caps,sending sea levels (51)Band transforming vast areas into desert.
"(52)D the real effect of the agreement after it goes into effect is still uncertain,it is a simple sign that the international society is much more open to alter economic and political behavior to control climate change,which is (53)D positive,"said Feng Qi,executive director of the School of Environmental and Sustainability Sciences at Kean University in New Jersey.
Scientists and (54)B say the agreement is the first step of a much longer and complicated process of reducing the use of fossil fuels,which currently (55)C the majority of the planet's energy needs and also are the primary drivers of global warming.
41.A.a(chǎn)pplicantsB.fearsC.observationsD.comments
42.A.seeksB.a(chǎn)llowsC.a(chǎn)ssumesD.seizes
43.A.institutionsB.laboratoriesC.committeesD.factories
44.A.formallyB.instantlyC.particularlyD.generally
45.A.prejudicesB.a(chǎn)pproachesC.visionsD.concepts
46.A.spiritualB.historicC.a(chǎn)ppropriateD.valueless
47.A.a(chǎn)greementsB.groupsC.headquartersD.emissions
48.A.a(chǎn)pologizedB.deniedC.warnedD.overlooked
49.A.a(chǎn)gainstB.onC.forD.without
50.A.a(chǎn)voidB.findC.a(chǎn)ddressD.ignore
51.A.fallingB.risingC.disappearingD.remaining
52.A.UntilB.SinceC.IfD.While
53.A.under no circumstancesB.on the contraryC.in no caseD.by all means
54.A.officersB.policymakersC.employersD.technicians
55.A.removeB.preserveC.supplyD.restore

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15.Sleep,as mysterious as it is vital for our wellbeing,is part of a person's daily physiological activity.Over the decades,researchers have proposed several mechanisms through which sleep helps us(41)C,but we still don't fully(42)Athe big picture.Now,two recently published studies come up with an interesting(43)B:we sleep to forget some of the things we learn during the day.
We store memories in networks in our brains.Whenever we learn something new,we(44)Cnew connections between neurons(神經(jīng)元),called synapses(突觸).In 2003,two biologists proposed something very(45)D:during the day,we learn so much and develop so many synapses that things(46)Dget ourselves confused.
For starters,they showed that neurons can prune out(修剪)some synapses,at least in the lab.But they(47)Cthe same things happens every day,naturally,in our brains-probably during(48)B.
So they set up a painstaking experiment,in which an assistant scientist collected 6,920synapses from (49)A,both awake and sleeping.Then,they(50)Athe shape and size of all these synapses,learning that the synapses in sleeping mice were 18percent smaller than in awake ones.
After this,they designed a(51)Ctest for mice.They placed the animals in a room where they would get a mild electrical shock if they walked over one particular (52)Cof the floor.They injected(注射)some of them with a substance that had been proved to prevent the pruning of new synapses.The mice that experienced this were(53)Alikely to forget about the section and after a good night's sleep,they(54)Bto walk as usual,while mice that slept normally remembered better.
Then,they found that the pruning didn't strike every neuron.Some 20% were unchanged,likely well-established memories that shouldn't be tampered with(被竄改).In other words,we sleep to(55)A-but in a smart way.
41.A.releaseB.removeC.refreshD.relieve
42.A.understandB.watchC.enjoyD.see
43.A.draftB.explanationC.definitionD.tendency
44.A.seizeB.performC.growD.a(chǎn)ccomplish
45.A.a(chǎn)bnormalB.a(chǎn)bundantC.internalD.interesting
46.A.neverB.seldomC.a(chǎn)lwaysD.sometimes
47.A.submittedB.deniedC.suspectedD.a(chǎn)ssociated
48.A.workdayB.sleepC.researchD.operation
49.A.miceB.scientistsC.a(chǎn)ssistantsD.brains
50.A.determinedB.depositedC.deducedD.defined
51.A.a(chǎn)ppetiteB.motivationC.memoryD.growth
52.A.synapsesB.roomC.sectionD.a(chǎn)venue
53.A.moreB.lessC.a(chǎn)sD.so
54.A.managedB.tendedC.hurriedD.prayed
55.A.forgetB.rememberC.connectD.experience

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14.Generally speaking,you need to arrive at the railway station an hour before the train leaves.However,if you take a train during the Spring Festival or holidays,you are advised to be two hours early.Here are the basic steps for boarding.
Enter the railway station.
There are X?ray machines at the entrance of each railway station.All the luggage (行李) has to be passed through to examine for dangerous things.Once you put your luggage on the machine,please go to the other side and fetch it quickly in case that your luggage is taken either by mistake or on purpose.
Find the right waiting room.
After you enter the railway station,you should find the terminal hall (候車廳)  where your train is going to leave from.There are always electronic boards at the railway station with information shown in Chinese.You can find your waiting room according to the information given on your train ticket,or you can ask a member of staff for help if you are in trouble with Chinese.
Get onto the platform (月臺(tái)).
In most cases,check?in starts 30minutes before the train leaves if it is the starting station.So you are advised to arrive at the station one hour early.If it is not a starting station,check?in starts when the train arrives,then you just need to be 30minutes early.You will be informed by radio then.Remember to take all your luggage!
Board the train
The train number and the carriage (車廂) number are shown outside the train clearly;therefore it is easy to find your carriage.There is a member of staff at the door of each carriage to whom you are required to show your ticket.If you board on the wrong carriage,he/she will guide you to the right one.
41.This passage is mainly to tell usA.
A.how to take the train
B.when to get to the railway station
C.when to get onto the platform
D.why we should take the train
42.If you want to take the train during the Spring Festival you'd better reach the railway stationA.
A.two hours ahead of time
B.one hour and a half ahead of time
C.a(chǎn)n hour ahead of time
D.thirty minutes ahead of time
43.X?ray machines at the entrance are probably used toD.
A.help passengers to take away their heavy luggage
B.show passengers the right way to the waiting room
C.make sure passengers'luggage is not lost
D.check the luggage passengers take with them
44.In this passage people ride the train most probably inA.
A.China   
B.Britain  
C.Russia  
D.Japan
45.When you get on the trainC.
A.you should tell the staff your carriage number
B.you have to buy a ticket for your luggage
C.the railway staff will offer to help you
D.you'd better read the information on electronic boards.

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13.One of the school days that I remember is my first day of school.Being a first grader seemed exciting to me then,and I was really happy.I was to study in an all?girls school.My mother took me to the front door of the classroom and left.I didn't mind because I didn't want to appear too childish.
The classroom fitted about forty students with still some room to spare.We sat in groups,six tables per group.I chose a seat and sat there while waiting for other girls to arrive.It didn't take that long and the other tables were soon full.There wasn't much chatting going on,and it seemed my classmates were very shy.After all,it was a truly new environment for us.The girls in my group were also shy and most of them were looking down.Finally,a girl sitting in front of me broke the silence-she introduced herself as Amanda.She then burst_out speaking about her family.The four other girls paid attention to what she said with an occasional(偶爾的)nod sometimes.
I lost what she said a few minutes after that.The next thing I know was that she was already talking about her cat."Do you know its name?"she asked me.I was in little surprised at the sudden question.I thought about it for a while,and then finally answered."I don't know.It could be anything."The question was repeated to the other girls but with the same result.Amanda smiled proudly,happy that nobody could guess her cat's name.
"Its name is Coco,a female(雌性) cat.Oh,I almost forget-what are your names?"
36.How did the writer feel on the first day of school?B
A.Bored.
B.Excited.
C.Surprised.
D.Disappointed.
37.Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?D
A.The writer went to school by herself on the first day.
B.The classroom was crowded with forty students inside.
C.The writer had waited a long time before the other students took their seats.
D.The writer didn't pay much attention to what Amanda said.
38.The students didn't talk much to each other at first becauseC.
A.they were asked to keep silent
B.they didn't know what to begin with
C.they seemed to be too shy to speak
D.they didn't like their new school
39.The underlined phrase"burst out"in Paragraph 2means"A".
A.suddenly began  
B.a(chǎn)ngrily stopped
C.imagined  
D.a(chǎn)voided
40.We can learn from the text thatA.
A.Amanda was a girl liking talking
B.Amanda loved her dog very much
C.nobody paid attention to what Amanda was saying
D.Amanda had known the other girls'name before telling her story.

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12.We wereimpressed (impression) by his kindness.

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11.What is the number one favourite pet in the UK?If you think the answer is"dog"-you are wrong.There are 8.6million cats and 8.3million dogs in Britain according to recent figures.But experts predict (預(yù)測(cè)) that there will be more dogs than cats next year as dogs become more and more popular.
Dogs as accessories (配飾)
We like to spend time with our pets.The Queen is famous for her corgis (威爾士矮腳狗) and is often photographed with them.Nowadays some dog owners are more extreme-a few TV celebrities even take their dogs shopping or to restaurants.Chihuahuas (吉娃娃犬) are especially popular as"handbag dogs"because they are so small.
Dog holidays
People are also giving their pets holidays.Many UK hotels and holiday parks now welcome dogs as guests.What about owners who go abroad?They can leave their pets at a dog hotel or dog spa while they are away.Some even provide their canine (犬) guests with a TV.
Dogs are for life
The British charity,Dogs Trust,finds homes for thousands of lost and homeless dogs every year.Their famous slogan"A dog is for life and not just for Christmas"was created in the 1970s to teach people about the responsibility of owning a dog.Dogs Trust told British people not to give dogs as gifts or treat them like toys.
Dogs on TV
Victoria Sitwell is the host of the popular TV programme called"It's me or the dog".In the show Victoria helps dog owners with their pets'bad behavior.She tries to find solutions to problems such as a Dalmatian who thinks he owns the house and won't let the family sit on the sofa,dogs that will only eat ice cream and biscuits and even a bulldog who uses the owner's bed as a toilet.Yuck!
Fashion for dogs
You can shop online or on the high street for the latest in dog clothes and accessories.Specialist shops sell items such as dog boots,dog fancy dress costumes,dog coats,dog dresses and dog pants.
56.What does the article mainly talk about?B
A.Cats as number one favorite pet in the UK.
B.A culture of dogs as a pet in the UK.
C.Small dogs like Chihuahuas becoming more and more popular.
D.Dogs equally treated as human beings.
57.Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4?A
A.Dog owners should show respect for dogs'lives.
B.Dog owners should not use dogs as Christmas gifts.
C.Dog owners should care for the dogs more than anything else.
D.Dog owners should devote all their lives to treating their dogs well.
58.From the text we can know thatB.
A.dogs will become the number one pet in the UK in the years to come
B.some dogs are treated as human beings
C.Victoria Sitwell host a programme to help dog owners to treat sick dogs
D.fashion for dogs causes the economy of the UK to develop quickly.

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