Passage 2(2017屆河南豫南九校高三下期質量考評)

Have you ever wondered when dogs first became ＂man’s best friend＂ and the world’s favourite pet? If you have then you’re not alone. When and where dogs first began living side-side with humans are questions that have stirred hot debate among scientists. There are a few hard facts that all agree on. These include that dogs were once wolves and they were the first animal to be domesticated(馴養(yǎng)) by humans. They came into lives some 15000 years ago, before the dawn of agriculture.

Beyond that, there is little agreement. The earliest bones found that are unquestionable dogs and not wolves date from 14,000 years ago. However, 30,000-year-old skulls have been discovered in France and Belgium that are not pure wolf and some scientists think could be dogs.

With such puzzling evidence, many scientists are now turning to DNA to find out when and where dogs were first domesticated. In one research project, tens of thousands of blood samples have been taken from street dogs around the world. The plan is to compare them with those of wolves. It’s even possible to analyse DNA from ancient bones. Tiny pieces of the 30,000-year-old skulls mentioned earlier are currently being studied, and another DNA study has already shown that ancient dogs preserved in the Alaskan ice-fields evolved from Asian wolves, not American ones.

Indeed, the ancient DNA may turn out to be more informative than the DNA of living dogs. Because dogs have accompanied humans around the world for thousands of years, their current distribution may tell us very little of their origins. This is why different groups of scientists believe that dogs variously originated in eastern Asia, Mongolia, Siberia, Europe or Africa.

But why were the animals domesticated in the first place? The most recent theory is that dogs domesticated themselves, initially living in and around our ancient villages to eat any food thrown out. Today, this is a way of life still shared by three -quarters of a billion unowned dogs worldwide.

1.Which is the only statement generally agreed on by scientists studying dogs?

A. They originally were used as farm animal

B. They evolved from wolves found in Europe

C. They helped the development of agriculture

D. They were the first animal to be kept as pets

2.Why does the writer first mention the 30,000-year-old animals skulls?

A. To show that dogs were much larger in the past

B. To prove that dogs developed from Asian wolves

C. To suggest that dogs may have evolved much earlier

D. To argue that dogs were first kept in France and Belgium

3.How did scientists determine the origins of the ancient dogs found in Alaska?

A. By examine the animals’ DNA

B. By analyzing the age of their bones

C. By studying the shape of their skulls

D. By comparing them with modern dogs

4.Why did dogs start living with humans?

A. Because they were attracted by food

B. Because they were trapped by humans

C. Because they couldn’t survive in the wild

D. Because they were trained to protect villages

Passage 3（2017屆江西省上高二中高三考）

The Internet is full of headlines that grab your attention with buzzwords (流行詞). But often when we click through, we find the content hardly delivers and it wastes our time. We close the page, feeling we’ve been cheated. These types of headlines are called ＂click bait＂.

A headline on Businesslnsider.com reads: ＂This phrase will make you seem more polite＂. First, when you click through, you find another headline: ＂Four words to seem more polite.＂ Then, on reading the article, you find it’s actually an essay about sympathy. And what are the four words? They’re ＂Wow, that sounds hard.＂ On some video websites, you might encounter headlines such as ＂Here’s what happens when six puppies visited a campus＂. Turns out it’s just some uninteresting dog footage (鏡頭).

Nowadays, with the popularity of social media, many news outlets tweet (推送) click bait links to their stories. These tweets take advantage of the curiosity gap or attempt to draw the reader into a story using a question in the headline. These click bait headlines are so annoying that someone is attempting to save people time by exposing news outlet click bait through social media. The Twitter account @SavedYouAClick, run by Jake Beckman, is one such example.

Beckman’s method is to grab tweets linking to a story and retweet them with a click-saving comment. For example, CNET tweeted ＂So iOS 8 appears to be jailbreakable but...＂, with a link to its coverage of Apple’s product announcements. Beckman retweeted it with this comment attached: ＂... it hasn’t been jailbroken yet.＂

Since founding the account, Beckman’s Twitter experiment has brought him more than 131,000 followers. Beckman said that @SavedYouAClick is…＂just my way of trying to help the Internet be less terrible.＂ Asked about his goal, he said, ＂I’d love to see publishers think about the experience of their readers first. I think there’s an enormous opportunity for publishers to provide readers with informative updates that include links so you can click through and read more.

1.The article on Businesslnsider.com turns out to be___________.

A. useful suggestions on politeness

B.an essay about another topic

C.an article hard to understand

D. a link to a video website

2.Why are readers often cheated by tricky headlines?

A. Social media has become more popular.

B. Readers have questions to be solved.

C. Such headlines are fairly attractive.

D. There’re always stories behind them.

3.Beckman attached his comment to CNET’s tweet to __________.

A. criticize CNET B. save readers’ time

C. advertise apple’s new product D. tell readers something about iOS 8

4.In the last paragraph, Beckman appeals that _________.

A. publishers be more responsible for the link

B. readers think about their needs before reading

C. publishers provide more information for readers

D. people work together to make the Internet less terrible

Passage 4（2016屆江西省九校高三下學期聯(lián)考）

Where do dogs come from?

Gray wolves are their ancestors. Scientists are pretty consistent about that. And researchers have suggested that dogs’ origins can date back to Europe, the Near East, Siberia and South China. Central Asia is the newest and best candidate, according to a large study of dogs from around the world.

Laura M. Shannon and Adam R. Boyko at Cornell University, and an international group of other scientists, studied not only purebred(純種的) dogs, but also street or village dogs.

Dr. Shannon analyzed three different kinds of DNA, Dr. Boyko said, the first time this has been done for such a large and diverse group of dogs from 38 countries. And that led them to Central Asia as the place of origin for dogs in much the same way that genetic studies have located the origin of modern humans in East Africa.

The analysis, Dr. Boyko said, pointed to Central Asia, as the place where ＂all the dogs alive today＂ come from. The data did not allow precise dating of the origin, he said, but showed it occurred at least 15,000 years ago.

Greger Larson of Oxford University, who is leading a large international effort to analyze ancient DNA from fossilized bones, said he was impressed by the study. ＂It’s really great to see not just the number of street dogs, but also the geographic breadth and the number of remote locations where the dogs were sampled,＂ he said in an email. He also praised the sampling of different kinds of DNA and the analytic methods.

Dr. Larson, who was not involved with the study, said he thought the Central Asia finding required further testing. He said he suspected that the origins of modern dogs were ＂extremely messy＂ and that no amount of sampling of living populations will be definitive. He said a combination of studies of modern and ancient DNA is necessary.

1.According to the research on a large number of dogs, we can know____________.

A. dogs mainly lived in Europe and the Far East

B. dogs would like to live in Central Asia

C. dogs’ ancestors come from gray wolves

D. the Near East has many gray wolves

2.What can we infer from what Dr. Boyko said?

A. There are three different kinds of DNA in dogs.

B. This is the second time they have done so many dogs.

C. They only do research on village dogs from many countries.

D. Modern humans are from East Africa while dogs come from Central Asia.

3.Greger Larson got a very deep impression of his study because he____________.

A. found the study based on many different dogs and the sample dogs’ remote locations

B. saw the number of street dogs from fossilized bones

C. watched the geographic breadth of the sampled dogs

D. praised his teammates for their hard work on the dogs

4.Who wasn’t engaged in the study of dogs’ origins?

A. Laura M. Shannon B. Adam R. Boyko

C. Shannon and Boyko D. Greger Larson

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳答案。

（2017·新課標II卷）I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well-known as Paul — he stood up for me. I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.

The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft（技藝）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.

We shared the brief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back— he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.

I last saw him a few months ago. He’d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn’t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn’t need a lot of words.

1.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to author at first?

A. Paul Newman wanted it.

B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.

C. He wasn’t famous enough.

D. The director recommended someone else.

2.Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?

A. They were of the same age.

B. They worked in the same theater.

C. They were both good actors.

D. They have similar characteristics.

3.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Their belief.

B. Their care for children.

C. Their success.

D. Their support for each other.

4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?

A. To show his love of films.

B. To remember a friend.

C. To introduce a new movie.

D. To share his acting experience.

完形填空

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

During my PE class I met a girl, who was in a grade younger than me. She was always 1 on the playground and I wondered why she had 2 to talk to. I was kind of a quiet girl myself, too, but I still had a few 3 . Over the whole year I would say ＂Hi＂ to her 4 sometimes she came to me and we 5 whatever sports we liked most.

Whenever she came over I made it my 6 to make her laugh. I paid most of my 7 to her and not to my other friends because I saw them playing together 8 over there. Then, the 9 day of school year came around, I walked with her on the playground. I asked her why she was so quiet. She told me her father left her 10 and her. Her mother was always crying at home. 11 this, I said nothing for a while. Then what I could do was 12 her to forget unhappiness and believe tomorrow is 13 . One day I told her I was leaving for high school. Hearing this she asked me not to 14 her. She told me that she had no other friends and I was her only one. Then, she told me that she would 15 me if I was in the high school. I 16 that I would go back to see her twice a week. Hearing my promise, her face 17 with smiles.

People lose friends all the time but wise people know how to 18 the friendship. So don’t ruin the 19 as time passed by. Remember that you are 20 to have a good friend.

1.A. happy B. sad C. shy D. quiet

2.A. somebody B. nobody C. anybody D. everybody

3.A. classmates B. schoolmates C. friends D. parents

4.A. and B. but C. so D. then

5.A. played B. watched C. talked D. studied

6.A. rule B. goal C. dream D. way

7.A. strength B. decision C. attention D. time

8.A. equally B. happily C. suddenly D. regularly

9.A. usual B. middle C. first D. last

10.A. mother B. brother C. sister D. family

11.A. Fixing B. Hearing C. Seeing D. Understanding

12.A. order B. force C. advice D. allow

13.A. newer B. greater C. sooner D. better

14.A. forget B. stop C. ask D. mind

15.A. help B. miss C. greet D. invite

16.A. realized B. guessed C. promised D. hoped

17.A. turned away B. gave off C. started out D. lit up

18.A. change B. see C. appreciate D. treasure

19.A. success B. question C. friendship D. agreement

20.A. lucky B. important C. right D. free

語法填空

Everyone likes to have friends 1 are trustworthy. When what we say matches what we do, we earn trust and friendship. On the contrary(與此相反), once we break our word, nobody will ever trust 2 again. For example, if you are 3 untrustworthy worker, you are less likely to get a promotion. Therefore, the 4 (important) of keeping one’s word cannot be stressed too much.

I once had the unpleasant experience of someone breaking his promise to me. Last month, everyone in my class had to gather at school 5 6:30 AM for our 6 (graduate) trip. My friend Ben asked me 7 (meet) him at McDonald’s at six, but he never showed up. I was 8 (depress) that when I called him, he told me he was already at school. I 9 (rush) straight there, but all my classmates still blamed me for delaying the trip. After that, I ended my friendship with Ben because I don’t need 10 (friend) who can’t keep their word.

（2017·天津卷·單項填空）It was when I got back to my apartment ___________ I first came across my new neighbors.

A. who B. where C. which D. that

（2017·北京卷·單項填空）Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time.

A. save B. saving C. to save D. saved

（2017·江蘇卷·單項填空） ____________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.

A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it

(2016·新課標卷II改編) The woman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately. ＂What a wonderful lady!＂ I thought.

Rushing out I called out over my shoulder, ＂By the way, what’s your name?＂ ＂I’m Rani,＂ she said.

A. hopefully B. disappointedly C. gratefully D. regretfully