Communication Principles

How you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate.“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”.Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send them.But every day we experience the centrality of our selves in communication.A student.for instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesn’t like the fact that I don’t agree with his opinions.and that’s why he gave me such a poor grade in that class.”The teacher might say the opposite.Each person may believe that he is correct and that the other person’s view is wrong.

The concept of serf originates in communication.Through verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of others.You establish self-image。The sort of person you believe you are，by how others think of you.Positive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are.Communication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue process.Our understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other people.In a more obvious way.communication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to share.So，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the self.

Communication Occurs almost every minute of your life.If you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behavior.Even if the other person did not intend a message for you.you gather observations and draw specific conclusions.A person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your message.A second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to you.A third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted to you.We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for them.

More often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other person that you were sorry for your statement.You may have made a joke out of your rude statement.Nonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mind.You cannot go back in time and erase your messages to others.Communication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeated.When you tried to re—create the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed right.Your second experience with a similar setting and person made far different results.

PG-13 | 2h 23min | Drama, Romance | 30 August 2013 (China)

A writer and wall street trader, Nick, finds himself drawn to the past and lifestyle of his millionaire neighbor, Jay Gatsby.

Director: Baz Luhrmann

Writers: Baz Luhrmann (screenplay), Craig Pearce(screenplay) | 1 more credit

Stars: Leonardo DiCaprio, Carey Mulligan, Joel Edgerton See full cast & crew

The Hitman’s Bodyguard (2017) 7.1/10

R | 1h 58min | Action, Comedy | 18 August 2017 (USA)

The world’s top bodyguard gets a new client, a hit man who must testify at the International Court of Justice. They must put their differences aside and work together to make it to the trial on time.

Director: Patrick Hughes

Writer: Tom O’Connor

Stars: Ryan Reynolds, Samuel L Jackson, Gary Oldman | See full cast & crew

Transformers: The Last Knight (2017) 5.3/10

PG-13 | 2h 29min | Action, Adventure, Sci-Fi | 23 June 2017 (China)

Autobots and Decepticons are at war, with humans on the sidelines. Optimus Prime is gone. The key to saving our future lies buried in the secrets of the past, in the hidden history of Transformers on Earth.

Director: Michael Bay

Writers: Art Marcum (screenplay), Matt Holloway (screenplay) | 5 more credits

Stars: Mark Wahlberg, Anthony Hopkins, Josh Duhamel | See full cast & crew

Mother! (2017) 6.7/10

1h 55min | Drama, Horror, Mystery | 15 September 2017 (USA)

A couple’s relationship is tested when uninvited guests arrive at their home, disrupting their peaceful existence.

Director: Darren Aronofsky

Writer: Darren Aronofsky

Stars: Jennifer Lawrence, Javier Bardem, Ed Harris I See full cast crew

Toy Story (1995) 8.3/10

1h 21min | Animation, Adventure, Comedy | 22 November 1995 (USA)

A cowboy doll is profoundly threatened and jealous when a new spaceman figure supplants him as top in a boy’s room.

Director: John Lasseter

Writers: John Lasseter (original story by), Pete Docter (original story by) | 6 more credits

Stars: Tom Hanks, Tim Allen, Don Rickles | See full cast & crew

【1】From the post, we can see The Great Gatsby is ________.

A.comedy, making people think about their life

B.made in China

C.a story that lasts 2h 29min

D.starred by Leonardo DiCaprio

【2】Which one scares people a lot?

A.Mother.B.The Hitman’s Bodyguard.

C.Transformers: The Last Knight.D.Toy Story.

【3】Toy Story is better than others in ________.

A.plotsB.directors

C.writersD.scores

【4】In which section of the website can you find the information above?

A.Travel.B.Entertainment.

C.Finance.D.Technology.

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2. 只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。

Dear Ram,

Thank you for your concern about the construction of Hainan International Tourism Island.

On hearing the excited news, I almost jumped with joy. There is no doubt that they will have a great effect on the development of Hainan, especially Hainan’s tourism.Which we all know, Hainan Island is so beautiful that more and more people at home and abroad were attracted to enjoy its wonderful scenery.

Instead, more jobs will be offered to local people and they will lead a more better life. The government will also focus on the construction of transport, making it conveniently for people to travel around. The environmental protections is another concern. I am sure we will make Hainan Island ideal place for tourism. Ram, welcome to our hometown to experiencing our unique scenery and culture.

Best wishes to you!

Yours,

Li Hua

The clothes you wear tell something about your personality. They tell the world not only how you want to be seen but how you see yourself as well. When someone gives you something to wear that agrees with your self-image, they’re saying, “【3】” Such a gift should be taken as a form of compliment (贊美). On the other hand, a gift of clothing that doesn’t match your personality could be an insult (侮辱) to your character.

【4】 If you receive a homemade gift, you re lucky. It may not be made perfectly, but it will show a certain quality of love. They’ve given time and emotion, two important characteristics of being creative.

People who give books as gifts either like reading or would like everyone to think they do. If you happen to receive a large, heavy book, its giver may be much more interested in the way things appear than in the way they actually are. Of course, reading is a way of feeling the emotions of another person and of learning new things. 【5】 The giver is probably trying to say to you what the book said to him.

A.I agree with you. I like you the way you are.

B.However, gift giving can be misunderstanding if you are careless.

C.Also, what they give you can tell you something about their personality.

D.I don’t like you, especially the way you dress yourself.

E.Here is a guide to who gives what—and why.

F.Giving a book can be a way of sharing a feeling or newly-learnt meaning.

G.Making something by hand has become the exception in many countries today.

enough sleep. This sleep 【2】 (lose) causes kids to suffer mentally and physically. But too much sleep also has its problems. According to Andrew Fuligni, a sleep doctor in a famous hospital, 【3】 studies the mental health of adolescents, sleeping less than eight hours 【4】 more, than ten can make teenagers fed worse the next day.

【5】 (help) teens get enough sleep, some schools have already made school start later. They have found that the later times let kids sleep more. They also have seen 【6】 (high) test scores and better graduation rates. However, this isn’t enough. Meanwhile, teenagers have to help 【7】 (they). Fuligni suggests teens sleep for 10 hours each night for a week or two. This will help them figure 【8】 how much sleep they require to fed their best. However, sleeping more on weekends 【9】 （be） not a good idea to compensate for missing sleep during the week. Fuligni warns that getting different 【10】（amount）of sleep each, night can be had for mental health.

Exergames (運(yùn)動(dòng)游戲) are a combination of physical exercise and digital games. Now fun and fitness are combined in various digital gaming products, products like Wii Fit Plus, Fitness Evolved, and Kinect Sports. What’s more, health technology is often built using principles of neuroscience, a science focused on studying the brain, Fitness Evolved, for example, focuses on stress and how you react to different stressors. This program helps you feel less threatened (受到威脅的) by targeting your specific stressors and then adjusts based on your interaction with the app.

Now there are a lot of smart exergames, one of which is BurnAlong. This online video platform combines the advantages of having a human instructor with the perks of practicing in the comfort of your own homer The platform lets users connect with whoever makes them feel most motivated—be it their favorite gym instructors, or friends who might he living on the opposite side of the country, A wide variety of programs are offered through the platform, as well as different effort levels, so everyone can find something that suits their level of fitness.

Another example is Zwift, an online multiplayer video game besed on indoor cycling. It allows you to join an online cycling group that includes members from over 150 countries. BitGym is also a smart virtual fitness app. As you train, you’re given beautiful virtual scenery to look at, complete with natural sounds and location-specific facts.. For this app, all you need to do is place your smartphone or tablet no your sports machine.

【1】What is the purpose of mentioning Fitness Evolved m Paragraph 2?

A.To show how health technology is built.

B.To explain what exergames actually are.

C.To prove the popularity of digital products.

D.To give a skill of managing stress in sporty.

【2】What does the underlined word “perks” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A.Ways.B.Benefits.

C.Chances.D.Problems.

【3】In which exergame you are exposed to virtual natural beauty?

A.Kinect Sports.B.BurnAloog.

C.Zwift.D.BitGym.

【4】What does the author think of digital gaming products?

A.They are the best in improving health.

B.They cast users a great deal of money.

C.They bring certain convenience to users.

D.They suit people of various age groups.

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

Smile is a magic language that everyone can easily understand whenever he or she comes from．Smile is as the golden sunshine that brings warmth to people and makes him happy．Smile is shortest distance between people and it is a good way to show off friendliness to others．More important，smile conveyed a kind of positive energy to people．When you are happy，smile brightens your face．When you feel frustrating，you should also smile to cheer yourself up．Smile can give you confidences and make you strong．Smiling at the world and the world will smile back!

【1】【2】【3】【4】【5】

【6】【7】【8】【9】【10】

A.whoeverB.whomeverC.no matter whoD.no matter whom

A.whenB.whichC.thatD.how

A.was trappedB.trappedC.being trappedD.were trapped