【2】 Active listening involves a person listening carefully and attentively to the person speaking, restating what the other person has said — or what comes across — in a brief and nonjudgmental manner. 【3】 Becoming effective at active listening is one way to increase trust and understanding in a relationship, whether it is a personal or professional one.

Another tip to developing and improving interpersonal communication skills is to use feedback for different types of communication. Before giving speeches and presentations, it is always well advised to practice them before an audience and to ask for feedback before giving the real speech or presentation. 【4】

It also is essential in developing communication skills to use appropriate body language and eye contact. 【5】 For example, using direct eye contact and body language that indicates openness, such as uncrossed arms, can help to get across that a person is ready and willing to listen and to speak openly.

A.It is essential to learn how to communicate politely.

B.These nonverbal signals can convey the true feelings.

C.Most people can benefit from improving their communication skills.

D.Being active listening doesn’t mean people have to employ it continuously.

E.This kind of listening focuses more on understanding than on giving advice.

F.By doing so, we can ensure the messages are easily understood and come across as intended.

G.One of the best tips for developing communication skills is to learn and practice effective listening.

1.表示你的歉意；

2. 解釋失約原因； '

3.重新約定時間。

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

2.可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

增加：在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧ )，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。

刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改:在錯的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2.只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計分。

Our class joined in a meaningful activity during the winter vacation. First, we went to visit the old lady who lived all alone. Some chatted with her while others help do a thorough cleaning for us. When the work was done, the house looked real neat and tidy. Then we went to the sport center, where all equipment needed polished. We set out to work at once. At no time everything was dust-free. Having done all this, we saw a pleasant community than before. Tiring as we were, we felt happy as all of our work was paid off.

Much is unknown about how Covid-19, a new coronavirus, spreads. Current knowledge is largely based on what is known about similar coronaviruses. Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are common in many different species of animals, including camels, cattle, cats, and bats. Rarely, animal coronaviruses can infect people and then spread between people such as with MERS, SARS, and now with Covid-19.

Most often, spread from person-to-person happens among close contacts (about 6 feet). Person-to-person spread is thought to occur mainly via respiratory droplets (呼吸飛沫) produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes, similar to how influenza and other respiratory pathogens (病原體) spread. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or possibly be inhaled into the lungs. It's currently unclear if a person can get Covid-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or possibly their eyes.

It's important to note that how easily a virus spreads person-to-person can vary. Some viruses are highly contagious (傳染性) (like measles), while other viruses are less so. There is much more to learn about the transmissibility severity, and other features associated with Covid-19.

（寫作內(nèi)容）

1.用約30個單詞概述上文有關(guān)冠狀病毒傳播的路徑；

2.用約120個單詞發(fā)表你的觀點，內(nèi)容包括：

（1）政府和民眾如何防治冠狀病毒的傳播；

（2）面對疫情，請你發(fā)出2-3個倡議，助力中國戰(zhàn)勝疫情。

（寫作要求）

1.寫作過程中不能直接引用原文語句；

2.作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實姓名和學校名稱；

3.不必寫標題。

（評分標準）

內(nèi)容完整，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當。

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應(yīng)題號的橫線上。每個空格只填1個單詞。

How Your Personality Type Affects Your Health

Personalities play an important role in determining one’s behavior and habits, so it’s little wonder that your personality type has much to do with your health. Now research has found that personality traits (特點)can be important health predictors. One study even found that the personality traits exhibited during childhood are linked to self-rated health during middle age.

So how is your health influenced by your personality? Let's take two common personality types for example. One is the classic type A personality. People with this personality type tend to be more competitive, impatient, tense, and even aggressive. According to research, this personality type is associated with many negative health outcomes like high blood pressure, heart disease, increased job stress, and social isolation (孤立). So, if you tend to have some of the more negative features of a type A personality, such as a tendency to be stressed out, explore things you can to lower your chances of developing health problems. For instance, you can practice stress management skills, which can help you to better handle life's daily problems.

The other one is the “eager to please” personality type. People with this personality type tend to be accommodating, passive, and conforming (從眾). Their passive nature also means they're more likely to feel hopeless or helpless in the face of a negative health event. They may also be less likely to seek help when something is wrong. When faced with a diagnosis (診斷),they may simply assume that nothing they do will make much of a difference. So, what can you do to protect your health if you tend to be a people-pleaser? Don't always place your own well-being last. Being considerate of others can be a positive trait, but be sure to take time for your own health as well. Besides, don't fall into thinking that your health is out of your hands. Instead of focusing on the external influences that affect your health, pay attention to the things that you can change through your own actions.

Why does personality have an impact on health? Why are certain traits so tied to certain diseases? The answers aren't clear, but one potential explanation is that personality impacts the ways people choose to behave and live. People who are more responsible may be more likely to make healthier choices while those who are neurotic (神經(jīng)質(zhì)的)may be less likely to seek medical help.

Understanding your personality might be a great way to help determine what sort of health choices or changes you need to focus on making. By being aware of the potential clangers you may face, you can turn to your health care professional and come up with a plan to minimize the clangers.

In an experiment, scientists watched as a Japanese stream toad readily swallowed an Asian bombardier beetle. But 44 minutes later, the toad vomited (嘔吐) the contents of its stomach. The insect ran away, physically unharmed.

“The vomited beetle was alive and active,” study authors Shinji Sugiura and Takuya Sato of Kobe University in Japan reported in the journal Biology Letters. Why, the researchers wondered, does luck always favor the escape artists? To find out, they needed more of them, and they needed to feed them to more toads. Scientists gathered 15 species of ground beetles, including the bombardier beetle. They also collected Japanese common toads, which are natural bombardier beetle predators, and Japanese stream toads, which do not live in the same place as the insect.

Sugiura and Sato hypothesized (假設(shè)) that over years of exposure, the common toad species developed a greater tolerance to the bombardier beetle's poisonous chemicals than the stream toads had. The bombardier beetles were divided into two groups. Some were poked (戳) with special tools, which caused them to release all their poisonous chemical spray. Other beetles were left alone. Then they were fed to the toads.

The toads that swallowed a fully loaded bombardier beetle were in for a surprise. “An explosion was heard inside each toad, which indicates that the bombardier beetle sent up a chemical spray after being swallowed, the authors wrote. The common toads vomited their prey 35 percent of the time. The stream toads vomited their prey 57 percent of the time. That confirmed their hypothesis about the toads' evolutionary adaptation. All 16 of the vomited insects were “alive and active” 20 minutes later. Almost all the beetles that released their defensive chemicals before meeting the toads were “successfully digested”. The test told the researchers that the beetles' boiling chemical spray was indeed their ticket to freedom.

【1】When Bombardier beetles are in danger, they can ______.

A.have relevant ways to escapeB.bring up the content of stomach

C.cause damage to their enemiesD.make no response to outside attack

【2】What was the scientists’ assumption before the experiment?

A.Bombardier beetles were always lucky to escape.

B.Japanese common toads were natural predators.

C.Common toads had the ability to resist the poison.

D.Bombardier beetles could release poison constantly.

【3】What do we know about Sugiura and Sato’s test?

A.It showed the process of the insects’ evolution.

B.It demonstrated the harm of explosion in the toads.

C.It stressed the importance of a balanced ecosystem.

D.It provided convincing evidence for their assumption.

A.on scheduleB.on averageC.on purposeD.on occasion

—I'm afraid by then I will have concluded my lecture and _____ my guests in my office.

A.meetB.have metC.will be meetingD.am meeting

A.everythingB.nothingC.anythingD.something

A.wound upB.pulled outC.swelled upD.laid out