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科目： 來源：0107 期中題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This
kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for
years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness.
     The first kind of loneliness is temporary (暫時的). This is the most common type. It usually disappears
quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result
of a particular situation-for example, a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place.
Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually
does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type,
chronic (長期的) loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who
experience habitual loneliness have problems socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many
chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.
     Psychologists are trying to find ways to help habitually lonely people for two reasons: they are unhappy
and unable to socialize and there is a connection between chronic loneliness and serious illness such as heart
disease. While temporary and situational loneliness can be a normal, healthy part of life, chronic loneliness can
be a very sad, and sometimes dangerous condition.
1. How would you treat temporary loneliness according to the passage?
[     ]
A. Talk to friends.
B. Just ignore it.
C. Go to see a doctor.
D. Ask your teachers for guidance.
2. "It" in the last sentence of the second paragraph refers to _____.
[     ]
A. temporary loneliness
B. situational loneliness
C. a new place
D. sleeplessness
3. Why do psychologists want to help chronically lonely people?
[     ]
A. Chronic loneliness can cause family problems.
B. Chronic loneliness can cause serious illness.
C. Chronic loneliness can not be overcome.
D. Such people are harmful to society.
4. What is the best title for the passage?
[     ]
A. Three kinds of loneliness
B. Loneliness and Diseases
C. Loneliness and Social Contacts
D. Chronic Loneliness

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科目： 來源：江蘇期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
                                          Make Up Your Mind to Succeed
     Kind-hearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure. The
generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and
performance were played down because "everyone's winner." And their report cards
sounded more positivethan ever before. As a result, Stanford University professor Carol
Dweck, PhD, calls them "the overpraised generation."
     Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years. Her research
has led her to find out two clearly different mind-sets that have a great effect on how we
react to it. Here's how they work:
     A fixed mind-set is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic - you're a born
artist, point guard, or numbers person. The fixed mind-set believes it's sure to succeed
without much effort and regards failure as personal shame. When things get difficult, it's
quick to blame, lie, and even stay away from future difficulties.
     On the other hand, a growth mind-set believes that no talent is entirely heaven-sent
and that effort and learning make everything possible. Because the ego (自尊) isn't on t
he line as much, the growth mind-set sees failure as a chance rather than shame. When
faced with a difficulty, it's quick to rethink, change and try again. In fact, it enjoys this
experience.
     We are all born with growth mind-sets. (Otherwise, we wouldn't be able to live in
the world.) But parents, teachers, and instructors often push us into fixed mind-sets by
encouraging certain actions and misdirecting praise. Dweck's book, Mind-set: The New
Psychology of Success, and online instructional program explain this in depth. But she
says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children,
grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failure.
1. What does the author think about the present generation?_____.
A. They don't do well at school.
B. They are often misunderstood.
C. They are eager to win in sports.
D. They are given too much praise.
2. A fixed mind-set person is probably one who ______ .
A. doesn't want to work hard
B. cares a lot about personal safety
C. cannot share his ideas with others
D. can succeed with the help of teachers
3. What does the growth mind-set believe?_______.
A. Admitting failure is shameful.
B. Talent comes with one's birth.
C. Scores should be highly valued.
D. Getting over difficulties is enjoyable.
4. What should parents do for their children based on Dweck's study?______
A. Encourage them to learn from failures.
B. Prevent them from making mistakes.
C. Guide them in doing little things.
D. Help them grow with praise.

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科目： 來源：江蘇期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
                                           Decision-making under Stress
     A new review based on a research shows that stress affects the way the brain considers
the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible
negativeconsequences(results) of a decision.
     The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices.
     "Stress affects how people learn," says Professor Mara Mather. "People learn better
about positive than negative outcomes under stress."
     For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images with
either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first
stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience;
in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water. In both cases,
the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately(精確) and
the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.
     This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies
or smoking a cigarette while under stress -at those moments, only the pleasure associated
with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring
about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative
consequences are also easily recalled.
     The research also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men
and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences
under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.
     Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in the
experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which
risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more,
however, women will win.
     This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might
also help explain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more
often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.
1.We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ______.
A. keep rewards better in their memory
B. recall consequences more effortlessly
C. make risky decisions more frequently
D. learn a subject more effectively
2.According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their ______.
A. ways of making choices
B. preference for pleasure
C. tolerance(容忍) of punishments
D. responses to suggestions
3. The research has proved that in a stressful situation, ______.
A. women find it easier to fall into certain habits
B. men have a greater tendency to slow down
C. women focus more on outcomes
D. men are more likely to take risks

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科目： 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Last Monday,David Nichol,Australia's top kidney (腎)doctor,successfully removed a
 diseased kidney from a woman.What's so unusual about that?David Nichol was in his 
office in Australia while the woman lay on an operating table in New Zealand.?
     What connected them was a technology called remote surgery(手術).?
     Remote surgery itself is not new.In 2001,a group of doctors in New York,US,removed 
a gall bladder (膽囊)from a patient lying in France.It was the first successful case of remote
 surgery used on a human across international borders.?
     Now,Nichol's operation is to be the first one performed on the kidneys.Nichol used
 joysticks (操縱桿)to direct robotic arms in the New Zealand operating room during
 the two-hour operation.The joysticks and the robotic arms are linked by a computer 
network.Nichol could watch the robot's work while doctors in New Zealand checked 
the patient and changed the instruments as needed."Before this technology,I would have
 been in the operating theatre (手術室)when they were performing the operation," Nichol 
said.During remote surgery,the doctor is the one in control.The robots carry out the 
operation using a complex method.?
     Doctors have found that a robot is better than a human surgeon at carrying out this 
difficult operation—even when it is controlled thousands of miles away.Unlike humans,
robotic "arms" do not shake when they target a small piece of tissue (組織)or organ.In 
remote surgery such as the removal of kidney stones,the robotic arm inserts a long special 
needle into the patient's body and X-rays guide it to the kidney.
     Once the robotic arm has reached the hard kidney stone,the needle gets wider so that 
a tiny telescope can travel down it and look at the organ.Then instruments are used to 
break up the stone and get rid of the remaining waste.?
     For doctors,the technology means less stress in the operation room.And for patients,it 
means far less chance of suffering blood loss or damage to a nearby organ.?
     However,the remote surgery is not widely used because it's still very expensive.A remote 
operation on a gall bladder costs more than US $1 million.A normal operation costs US
 $2000.It will be some time yet before the price falls and the operation is available to people
 throughout the world.
1.Why was this kidney operation so unusual?Because ________.
A.remote surgery was only used on the kidney operation
B.it as a robot that was carrying out the operation?
C.the patient and the doctor in control were in different countries
D.it was the first successful operation of remote surgery performed on kidneys  
2.What does the underlined word "target" mean in this passage?   ______.
A.aim at
B.cure?
C.meet with
D.get close to ?
3.What is the key part of the operation of remote surgery?   ______.

A.The joysticks.
B.The robot.?
C.The network.
D.The doctor.? .

4.What advantage do the operations of remote surgery have mainly??______.
A.The doctors are less stressed during the operations.
B.It is more convenient for doctors to perform the operations.
C.The patients will have less chance of suffering blood loss or damage to a nearby organ.
D.The robot is better than a human surgeon

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科目： 來源：江蘇期末題 題型：閱讀理解

任務型閱讀。
                                              Vegetables may aid the brain
     A study suggests certain vegetables such as broccoli(西蘭花)and spinach(菠菜)might help older
women keep their minds sharp.
     Researchers have discovered that women in their 60s who eat more green leafy vegetables how less
signs of mental decline over time, reported Wednesday's CRI online.
     They gave participants a bundle of tests measuring memory, oral ability and attention. The study
didn't include men, but researchers say a similar diet would likely have the same results.
     Eating fish can cut risk of heart rhythm disorder
     US scientists have found that eating fish can reduce the risk of deadly heartbeat disorders. They say
baked fish can effectively reduce the risk of atria fibrillation(心房顫動)among older men and women,
reported Tuesday's CRI online.
     Researchers say in their 12 years of research among 4,800 people over the age of 65, they found
those who ate fish one to four times per week had an about 30 percent lower risk compared with those
who ate fish less than once a month. They say the omega-3 fatty acid can reduce the risk of a range of
heart disorders and is vital to brain development and function.
     Red wine may extend life
    US scientist have found that a mixture that makes red wine a healthy drink may also hold the secret
to a longer life. They say antioxidant(抗氧化劑) in wine acted on fruited flies and worms in the same
way as a method known to extend the life of many animals, which is by sharply limiting how much they
eat.
     Limiting calories has been shown to make animals such as dogs and monkeys live longer, but they
are often tired and lose productivity. The researchers will begin testing the mixture in mice.

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科目： 來源：同步題 題型：完形填空

完形填空
                                                                  Ban the Band?
      Every year, our school has a dance for all the students.It's a little funny seeing friends in clean shoes
and trousers or colorful_1_, instead of the usual school uniform.
     Most of us think the dance is great_2_-even the teachers enjoy being there._3_, two weeks ago
someone said that there would be no4__band this year-only CDs.
     "I don't _5_it!"Amy cried out during the lunch break. "Someone said the school couldn't_6_a band,
and they think it's too noisy anyway, "added Daniel.
     "Well, I don't think it's_7_enough without a band!"declared Angela, "and I'm going to see what can
be done."
     Angela was as good as her_8_.In the afternoon she went to see the school headmaster who agreed
to give the_9_some more thought.And he suggested that one 10  for having a band was to increase the
price of each ticket from $ 5 to $10.Angela had to  11   out whether the students would like to do that.
     "I need all of you to help me, "she  12  to our group before school the next day."Mr Berry gave me a
list of all the names, and suggested we ask each one their  13   about the band and the extra cost."
       14   the day we asked around as Angela suggested, and wrote down people's feelings about the
band and the cost.We were amazed how much  15   there was for the band and everyone agreed to pay
the extra $ 5.
     "I'm surprised, "smiled Mr Berry, when we gave him the  16  ."I really thought that only a few people
  17   their band and that the cost would be too high.OK.Angela, your next  18   is to find a good band
and line them up for the dance."
     Angela was all smiles and  19   the news to Amy and Daniel."You're  20  , "smiled Daniel to Angela
as he thought how close they came to having a less than perfect dance.
(     )1. A. shapes      
(     )2. A. fun        
(     )3  A. Besides    
(     )4  A. new        
(     )5  A. mean        
(     )6  A. lead        
(     )7. A. good        
(     )8. A. look        
(     )9. A. schedule    
(     )10. A. possibility
(     )11. A. call       
(     )12. A. admitted   
(     )13. A. knowledge  
(     )14. A. On         
(     )15. A. trust      
(     )16. A. results    
(     )17. A. welcomed   
(     )18. A. task       
(     )19  A. showed     
(     )20  A. amusing    		 B. dresses      
B. work          
B. Otherwise    
B. live          
B. need          
B. serve        
B. clear         
B. behavior      
B. situation     
B. concern       
B. find          
B. replied       
B. instruction   
B. For           
B. money         
B. notices       
B. wanted        
B. business      
B. wrote        
B. interesting  		 C. flowers      
C. effort      
C. However      
C. foreign      
C. accept      
C. afford      
C. useful       
C. mind         
C. view         
C. decision     
C. carry        
C. apologized   
C. opinion     
C. By           
C. support      
C. questions    
C. defended     
C. exercise     
C. broke        
C. exciting     		D. pictures    
D. progress    
D. Therefore    
D. marching    
D. believe      
D. form        
D. easy         
D. word         
D. action       
D. chance       
D. point        
D. announced    
D. information  
D. During       
D. care         
D. examples     
D. invited      
D. duty         
D. read         
D. amazing     

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科目： 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解
     One-room schools are part of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a
vague longing for "the way things were".
     One－room schools are an endangered species, however.For
more than a hundred years one－room schools have been systematically shut down and their students
sent away to centralized schools.As recently as 1930 there were 149,000 one－room schools in the
United States.By 1970, there were 1,800.Today, of the nearly 800 remaining one－room schools,
more than 350 are in Nebraska.The rest are scattered through a few other states that have on their
road maps wide－spaces between towns.
     Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that maybe there is something
yet to be learned from one－room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well
as today.
      Progressive educators have come up with progressive－sounding names like "peer－group teaching"
and "multi－age grouping" for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one－room schools.In
one－room schools, the children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of the time teaching
someone else.A fourth grader can work at a fifth－grade level in math and a third－grade level in English without the shame associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped ahead.A youngster
with a learning disability can find his or her own level without being separated from the other pupils.In
larger urban schools today, this is called "mainstreaming". A few hours in a small school that has only one
classroom and it becomes clear why so many parents feel it one of the advantages of living in Nebraska
that their children have to go to a one－room school.
1. According to the text, many educators today feel that one－room schools________.
A. need to be shut down  
B. are the best in Nebraska
C. are still common in America  
D. provide good education
2. One－room schools are in danger of disappearing because________.
A. they all exist in only one state
B. they skip too many children ahead
C. there is a trend toward centralization
D. there is no fourth－grade level in them
3. What is mentioned as a major characteristic of the one－room school?
A. Some children have to be left back.
B. Teachers are always busy.
C. Pupils have more subjects to study.
D. Leaning is at different grade levels at a time.
4. What's the author's attitude toward one－room schools?
A. He prises them.  
B. He dislikes them.
C. He shows sympathy.  
D. He rejects them.
5. The last sentence suggests that parents living in Nebraska________.
A. don't like centralized schools
B. once studied in one－room schools
C. prefer rural life to urban one
D. came from other states of America

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科目： 來源：同步題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
      If English means endless new words,difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation,
you are wrong.Haven't you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a
language?
     According to a new study by a British university,learning a second language can lead to an
increase in your brain power.Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey
matter.This is the area of the brain which processes information.It is similar to the way that
exercise builds muscles.
     The study also found the effect is greater the younger people learn a second language.A
team led by Dr Andrea Mechelli,from University College London,took a group of Britons
who only spoke English.They were compared with a group of "early bilinguals" who had learnt
a second language before the age of five,as well as a number of later learners.
      Scans showed that grey matter density(密度)in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in
people without a second language.But the longer a person waited before mastering a new
language,the smaller the difference.
     "Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning
a second language," said the scientists.It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn.
      Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales has researched the link between
bilingualism and math skill."Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes
the brain more flexible," he said."You are actually going beyond language and have a better
understanding of different ideas."
     The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a
second language between the ages of 2 and 34.Reading,writing,and comprehension were all tested.
The results showed that the younger they started to learn,the better."Studying a language means you
get an entrance to another world," explained the scientists.
1.The main subject talked about in this passage is __________.
A.science on learning a second language
B.man's ability of learning a second language
C.language can help brain power
D.language learning and math study
2.In the second paragraph,the writer mentions "exercise" in order to _________.?
A.say language is also a kind of physical labor
B.prove that one needs more practice when he/she is learning a language
C.to show the importance of using the language when you learn the language
D.make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well
3.The underlined word "bilingual" probably means __________.
A.a researcher on language learning
B.a second language learner
C.a person who can speak two languages
D.an active language learner
4.We may know from the scientific findings that ___________.
A.the earlier you start to learn a second language the higher the grey matter density is
B.there is no difference between a later second language learner and one who doesn't know a second
language
C.the experience of learning a second language has bad effect on people's brain
D.the ability of learning a second language is changing all the time
5.In the last two paragraphs,the author wants to tell us that _________.
A.learning a second language is the same as studying math
B.early learning of a second language helps you a great deal in study other subjects
C.Italian is the best choice for you as a second language
D.you'd better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language

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科目： 來源：江蘇模擬題 題型：閱讀理解

     Half of the world’s population is affected by Asian monsoons（季風）, but monsoons are difficult to
predict. American researchers have put together a 700-year record of the rainy seasons, which is
expected to provide guidance for experts making weather predictions.
     Every year, moist （潮濕的）air masses, known as monsoon，produce large amounts of rainfall in
India, East Asia, Northern Australia and East Africa. All this wet air is pulled in by a high pressure area
over the Indian Ocean and a low pressure area to the south.
     According to Edward Cook, a weather expert at Columbia University in New York, the complex
nature of the climate systems across Asia makes monsoons hard to predict. In addition, climate records
for the area are too recent and not detailed enough to be of much use. Therefore, he and a team of
researchers spent more than fifteen years traveling across Asia, looking for trees old enough to provide
long-term records. They measured the rings, or circles, inside thousands of ancient trees in more than 300 places.
     Rainfall has a direct link to the growth and width of rings on some kinds of trees. The researchers
developed a document they are calling a Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas. It shows the effect of monsoons
over seven centuries, beginning in the 1300s.
     Professor Cook says the tree-ring records show periods of wet and dry weather. "If the monsoon
basically fails or is a very weak one, the trees affected by monsoons at that location might put on a very
narrow ring. But if the monsoon is very strong, the trees affected by that monsoon might put on a wide
ring for that year. So, the wide and narrow ring widths of the chronology that we developed in Asia
provide us with a measure of monsoon variability." With all this information, researchers say they can
begin to improve computer climate models for predicting the behavior of monsoons.
     "There has been widespread famine and starvation and human dying in the past in large droughts. And
on the other hand, if the monsoon is particularly heavy, it can cause extensive flooding." said Eugene
Wahl, a scientist with America's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "So, to get a sense
of what the regional moisture patterns have been, dryness and wetness over such a long period of time in
great detail, I would call it a kind of victory for climate science."
1. What'sthe passage mainly about?
A. The effects of Asian monsoons.            
B. The necessity of weather forecast.
C. The achievements of Edward cook.        
D. A breakthrough in monsoon prediction.
2. It is difficult for experts to predict Asian monsoons because_________
A. it is hard to keep long-term climate records.  
B. they are formed under complex climate systems.
C. they influence many nations.              
D. there is heavy rainfall in Asia.
3. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. Long and details climate records can offer useful information for monsoon research.
B. The Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas has a monsoon record for about 1,300 years.
C. The trees affected by monsoon grow fast if the monsoon is weak.
D. The rainfall might be low although the monsoon is strong in monsoon-affected areas.
4. What do we know about the research according to Eugene Wahl?
A. It is a great achievement in climate science.
B. It should include information about human life in the past.
C. It has analysed moisture models world wide,
D. It will help people prevent droughts and floods.
5. Which of the following best describes the tone of this passage?
A. Matter-of-fact    
B. Pessimistic    
C. Humorous    
D. Friendly.

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科目： 來源：期末題 題型：閱讀理解

閱讀理解。
     Medical experts have established that there is a direct link between our personality and
better health. According to a new study, the ability of the body to resist some diseases that
are associated with stress is not just a matter of our genetics, race, or gender, but a matter
of our personality.
      The investigators followed 103 adults above 40, examining their personalities and degrees
of extroversion. They found that extroverts (性格外向者)have significantly lower levels of
an inflammatory (炎癥性的)chemical that leads to the blocking of arteries(動脈),heart attack
and stroke. They have also found that extroversion is an image of personality which consists
of three parts: a tendency to think in a happy way, a desire to be around other people and a
sense of active engagement with life.
     Though the study was able to show that extroversion and active involvement in life are
associated with lower levels of the inflammatory chemical, it may be really hard to tell which
one comes first. Dr. Chapman warned that the researchers have not discovered yet whether
low inflammation is a result of people's tendencies toward socializing, or inflammation itself is
affecting people by changing their personality tendencies.
     The researchers are not sure how to stimulate people to change their lifestyle or nature.
Physical activity may be a piece of the solution, and has been found to lower stress levels,
especially with aging. Dr. Chapman says that beyond exercise, some individuals just have
this innate (天生的)energy that makes them enthusiastically involved in life. As a result,their
bodies have an increased ability to resist the physical effects of stress.
     The experts arc continuing to try to develop specific therapies, such as the ones  that are
being used to treat depression, and to help people find ways to increase active engagement
in life. Engaging in life can keep people much happier and healthier.
1．List all the factors that affect the body's resistance against diseases caused by stress according to the new study. (No more than 5 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2．What would happen to a person if he or she had a large amount of inflammatory chemical? (No more than 12 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3．Why are some people actively involved in life besides exercise according to Dr. Chapman? (No more than 13 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4．What's the main idea of the passage? (No more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________

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