A. what do people with an intellectual disability need?
B. What is intellectual disability?
C. How do people with an intellectual disability talk?
D. What are the forms of intellectual disability?
E. What causes intellectual disability?
F. How do you talk to a person with an intellectual disability?

     _________ 1. People with intellectual disability form one of the largest single disability groups in a
community. Intellectual disability refers to a general slowness to learn and function within society, and the
identification of intellectual disability is usually based on an assessment of a person's performance in a variety
of tests. An individual's level of performance, as assessed, can change with time and circumstances. With
skilled training and opportunity for development, people with intellectual disability have much greater potential
for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought possible.
     _________2. In many western societies, five categories of intellectual disability have traditionally been
used in order to indicate the perceived degree of difficulty an individual has with learning. All five may occur
in either children, adolescent or adult, and show as mild, moderate, severe, profound or multiple intellectual
disabilities.
      _________ 3. For the majority of intellectual disabilities, there is no identifiable cause but there are some
causes that are well documented. They include: brain damage at birth due to lack of oxygen-prolonged labor
during childbirth; brain damage before birth due to factors such as rubella, drug or diet-related problems;
damage after birth due to illnesses such as encephalitis or accident; hereditary defects in the genes; abnormal
chromosome count resulting in, for example, Down Syndrome.
     ________ 4. Like everyone else, people with an intellectual disability need a rewarding job, a satisfying
place to live and a good social life. But they may need extra support to achieve these things. Good support
services are based on the principle of normalization-which means enabling people to be part of the community
like everyone else.
      ________ 5. With the introduction of the intellectually disabled into communities, there is a need to
promote awareness of communication. Although many people may have little experience in talking with an
intellectually disabled person, there are common guidelines that can simplify the interaction. Firstly, it is useful
to remember that people with disabilities have feelings. Speaking in the same friendly manner as you would to
anyone else is also recommended. Being prepared to wait a little longer for replies during a conversation with an
intellectually disabled person would undoubtedly benefit the exchange. ks5u

     [1] Everyone wants something in life, love, money, success...Yet too many people fail to achieve their
goals, and nearly all of them are for the same reason.
     [2] It's true that terrible things do happen to people during their lives, though no fault of their own, which
may make them feel upset. Generally speaking, however, getting what you really want out of life is just a
matter of the following three simple steps.
     [3] Firstly, you have to decide what it is you want the most. But do not make a list of wishes; try to focus
on one thing at a time. If you're not sure about where you want to go, you'd better think it over first and not
hurry to perform.
     [4] Secondly, ___________. This will be your map for getting from"where you are now" to "where you
want to go". You know what you want, and what steps you are going to take to get it. For example, if you
want a better job, start with a skills assessment and maybe some extra training. Then you'll need to sell
yourself and your skills either to your present employer or to a new one.
     [5] Other goals will require a bit more thought. Some will really get you lost without a clue of how to get
there. Not to worry, though, books, biographies and such, can be of great help.
     [6] The third and final step is to carry it out. Do what you planned. Take the steps you outlined on your
road map and keep going on all the time. If you run into some people who are against you, simply ignore them.
     [7] Never give up the goal. Keep pushing. Whatever you do, do not lose heart before you have what you
desire in your hands. Never think that you can't turn your dream into a reality.

1. What does the author mainly want to tell us? (within 10 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
2. What should you do when deciding what you want according to the text? (within 8 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
3. What does the underlined word"it" in Paragraph 3 refer to? (within 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
4. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (within 5 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 7 into proper Chinese.
_______________________________________________________________________________________

     Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the
time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the
language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make
his language like other people's. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things: they learn to do
without being taught to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle, compare their own performances with those
of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to
find out his mistakes and correct them for himself. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would
never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Let him work out,
with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether
this is a good way of saying or doing this or not.
     If it is a matter of right answer, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him
correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help
the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer. Let the children learn what all
educated persons must some day learn, how to measure their own understanding, and how to know what they
know or do not know.

1. According to the passage, the best way for children to learn things is by _____.

A. listening to skilled people's advice
B. asking older people many questions
C. making mistakes and having them corrected
D. doing what other people do

2. Which of the following does the writer think teachers should NOT do?

A. Give children correct answers.
B. Allow children to make mistakes.
C. Point out children's mistakes to them.
D. Let children mark their own work.

3. According to the writer, teachers in school should _____.

A. allow children to learn from each other
B. point out children's mistakes whenever found
C. correct children's mistakes as soon as possible
D. give children more book knowledge

4. The passage suggests that learning to speak and learning to ride a bicycle are _____.

A. different from learning other skills
B. the same as learning skills
C. more important than other skills
D. not really important skills

     The absolute best method that I have found to promote your product or business is to write articles and
post them all over the Internet.
     Webmasters and publication editors are always searching for well researched and written articles that are
relevant to their websites or publication themes. This creates a profitable opportunity for you. Editors and
publishers don't have a strong need for good content. Each issue they publish must be filled with valuable,
usable information that will appeal to their readers or subscribers'(訂戶) self interest.
     By writing and sending articles to the various websites and article directories on the Internet you will
establish yourself as an expert on your topic of business, as well as gain the trust of your readers over time.
     As a result, your readers will be eager to buy your products and services or those you recommend to
them. This is a very effective way to make name for yourself online. Articles can also build your link popularity. This is extremely important with search engines. Every time your article is published there should be a link
back to your sales page where the reader can go to get more information. This will help the search engine
ranking of your site. When website owners list your articles on their websites, your business exposure can be
unlimited.
     Make sure your article provides information that is really useful to the reader. Make it interesting to read.
Get to the point quickly. Use short paragraphs. If it's dull and boring, your reader will surely move on.
     Make sure you add a resource box at the end of your article. Use your resource box to promote your
business. This is why you've written the article.

1. The key reason for sending your articles on the Internet is to _______.

A. gain reputation online
B. be an expert in your academic field
C. create more business opportunities
D. get writing suggestions for free

2. In the fourth paragraph, the underlines word "exposure" means ______.

A. appearance
B. publicity
C. discovery
D. opportunity

3. According to the passage, we can infer that _______.

A. editors care more about the author's name than the article's quality
B. once your reader build up trust in you, they may follow your words and your recommendation as well
C. academic, comprehensive and long articles can attract more readers online
D. a resource box is must for the online article

4. Who may benefit from the free online article submission EXCEPT _______?

A. publishers and editors
B. readers
C. writers
D. search engines

5. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?

A. Online article submission-a good chance for your business
B. How to promote your online business
C. Make better use of the Internet
D. How to publish your article online

      A punctual person is in the habit of doing a thing at the proper time and is never late in keeping an
appointment.
     The unpunctual man, on one hand, never does what he has to do at the proper time. He is always in a hurry
and in the end loses both time and his good name. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be
regained. Time is more valuable than material things. In fact, time is life itself. The unpunctual man is for ever
wasting and mismanaging his most valuable asset as well as other's. The unpunctual person is always
complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments promptly. But the
man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time and seldom complains of want of it. He knows
that he can not get through his huge amount of work unless he faithfully keeps every piece of work when it has
to be attended to.
     Failure to be punctual in keeping one's appointments is the sign of disrespect towards others. If a person is
invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him; Usually
this will be regarded as a great disrespect to the host and all other guests present.
     Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to do one's duty, whether public or' private,
Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at
the appointed time. A man who is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by his friends or fellow
men.

1. What does the author think is the main difference between a punctual person and an unpunctual
    person? (No more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. According to the passage, the main reason that a person is always unpunctual is that
   (No more than! 0 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the meaning of the underlined word "asset" in Paragraph2? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
4. According to the third paragraph, when you are invited to dinner, what should you do?
   (No more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Do you agree that unpunctuality does harm? Give your reason. (No more than 20 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________________

     Students often say to me,"I don't know any history. I think it would be a good thing to learn some."What
they seem to mean is that they have never had a"course" about history or read. any history books. But they are
greatly mistaken if they think " they don' t know any history". Every man, woman, and child knows some
history, enough at least to live in the world.
     Suppose you had awakened this morning totally unable to remember anything-all your other senses working
properly, but ____. You would be in a bad way indeed! You wouldn't know who you were, or where you were, what you had done yesterday, or what you intended of other people expected you to do today. What could you
do in that case? Wander about helplessly, seeing and hearing things, taking them in as altogether new, not at all
knowing what they might mean in relation either to the past or to the future. You would have to discover your
little world all over again, much as you discovered it in childhood. You would have to" adapt (適應(yīng))" yourself
and make a new start. In short, you would be a lost soul because you had stopped to have any knowledge of
history, the history of your personal doings and associations(聯(lián)系 ) in the past. The fact is that history is no
more than things said and done in the past.

1. What' s the best title of this passage?
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? You would have to make yourself
    suitable to your little world and have a new start.
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Please fill in the blank in the second paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the
   sentence. ( within 5 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
4. According to the passage, can you tell us in which case one would be a lost soul? (within 30 words)
________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph to Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________________________

     Good morning, everybody. My topic for today is "How Americans Value Time".
     Americans from childhood think a great deal about time and they learn to value time very much. As
children, they are taught.that time is everything.
     Time is money. A working American has to work hard for 8 hours a day or 40 hours a week. This is the
working time. In his spare time, he also works hard for more money. Even Saturday and Sunday are filled with
activities. In the street you can hardly see a man who walks slowly. They walk very fast. In fact, they are
running.
     Time is knowledge. No matter whether they go to work or go back home, they will take advantage of every minute to read on the buses, trains and ships.
     Time is friendship. When an American is invited to dinner, he won't be late or get there too early. Otherwise, his arrival will make the others unhappy.
     Seeing from above, we should learn from Americans to value every minute very much.

     Host family accommodation, or living with host families, remains popular among language travel students
for its advantages. These days, host families are trying to offer more in terms of quality, for they still have
something to worry about.
     Host family accommodation is often seen as the number-one choice for its advantages in language study,
cultural communication and cost of living. Staying alongside host families enables students to get enough
practice for the short time of their studying so that their language acquisition is likely to become faster. Living
in host families also has the advantage for students of being able to spend a lot of time communicating with
their "host parents", and get to know the local way of life, people and culture. Another advantage is that host
family accommodation can sometimes be the least expensive. It attracts students for it ensures them a family
type of living at a low cost.
     The advantages, however, have not prevented host families form worrying. On one hand, some host families
are losing their unique selling point. The problem is that the majority of hosts in big cites, now generally single
and young, have less times available for students but the selling point for host family accommodation is
communication practice. One the other hand, students'expectations have risen. They are becoming more
demanding and asking for more than ever from their accommodation, as they come mainly from high socio-
economic groups in their own countries.
     To get out of the difficult situation, host families are now making efforts to improve the quality of service.
They are trying to making living conditions better, including broadband Internet service, private bathroom,
and access to plenty of hot water for long showers. They are also providing students with structured family
activities.
     It is believed that host family accommodation will keep the popularity vote with language travel students.

                                                   Title: 1. ______________

     Mistakes are a part of life. To err is human. Failure is also a part of life, not the end of life. Be happy facing life's challenges. When you make the effort to be happy and to improve your life, you are actually rewarded along the way.
     Life is like a game and maybe you can award (獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)) points for every effort that has been a success for you. Try it. Add ten points for every achievement. And when you have reached 50 points, just yell, "Hey, I've won!" and give yourself a reward. If you happen to have missed your points for whatever reasons, tell yourself,"well, I tried!" which is better than not trying at all. Don't let it be said you didn't try.
     What is it that you want to make yourself happy? Actually happiness means different things to different people. For example, an athlete will be happy winning his first race. For a new mother happiness would be seeing her baby's first steps. Happiness for a poor person would mean having a meal just for today. So happiness for you is really something simple that you want for yourself.
     It really does not have to be big. As a matter of fact you should always have realistic expectations. Make the best out of every given situation. If you expect a certain result from a situation and it does not happen, don't get despondent. This just means trying harder next time. We all have in us the power to succeed. Don't let "give up" be a part of your vocabulary.

1. By saying "To err is human", the author means that ______.

A. human beings should try to avoid making mistakes
B. no one is perfect and everyone makes mistakes
C. mistakes and failures make up our life
D. human beings make mistakes easily.

2. What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. Try to reach 50 points.
B. Never stop trying in your life.
C. Award yourself for your success.
D. Don't be afraid of missing your points

3. The author proves his idea in Paragraph 3 through ______.

A. examples
B. numbers
C. experiments
D. stories

4. The underlined word "despondent" in the last paragraph means ______.

A. frightened
B. disappointed
C. surprised
D. excited