March 22nd every year has been the World Water Day since 1993. Everyone knows that over 70% of our planet is covered with water, but do you know that only 3% of the water is fresh and less than 1% of this fresh water is available for human use?
     Water shortage
     The World Bank reports that 80 countries now have water shortages, while 40% of the more than 2 billion people, have no access to clean water. Fresh water is such a life-or-death issue(問題) in many parts of the world that every eight seconds a child dies from drinking dirty water.
     How to save water
     Turn off the tap while you brush you teeth in the morning and before bedtime, and you can save up to 8 gallons of water! That adds up to more than 200 gallons a month, enough to fill a huge fish tank that holds 6 small sharks!
      Keep your shower under 5 minutes long. In fact, a 5-minute shower uses more water than a person living in poverty in a developing country uses in an entire day.
      Fix the leak. If your toilet has a leak, you could be wasting about 200 gallons of water every day. That would be like flushing your toilet more than 50 times for no reason!
     We each share responsibility for the sustainable management of our water resources, which means using less water at home, in the workplace, at school, on holidays, on the farm,… everyone, everywhere, every time.

1. When did the first World Water Day take place? (no more than 5 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________
2. How many suggestions does the writer give us to save water? (1 word)
_____________________________________________________________________________
3. What example does the writer give us to show fresh water is a life-or-death issue?
      (no more than 10 words)
_____________________________________________________________________________
4. What's the purpose of writing this passage? (no more than 12 words)
____________________________________________________________________________

    Almost 40 years ago, a community service organization started providing eye care in
Gujarat State, in western India.
    The Rotary Club of Navsari operates an eye hospital and 9 area eye centers in and
around Navsari, whose services are for the poorest people. The group opened the hospital,
the Rotary Eye Institute of Navsari, in 1970. Institute officials say India has only about
one ophthalmologist for every 120,000 people. The Institute, however, has ten such
specially trained eye doctors. It has restored or improved the eyesight of thousands of
patients. Many people far from the city. Teams from it travel as far as 150 kilometers to
see patients. People go to their nearest camp, for conditions including glaucoma (青光眼),
night blindness and other problems. Some people are found to have cataracts, abnormal
growths on the eye that can lead to loss of eyesight. India has about 13 million people
with the condition. Cataract patients get free operations to correct the problem.
    Rotary groups also operate eye banks. Doctors at these centers replace damaged eyes
with the healthy eyes of donors who have just died. One such center is the Rotary Rajan
Eye Bank. It operates in cooperation with the Rajan Eye Care Hospital in Chennai. The Eye
Bank opened in 1996. Hundreds of patients have received new corneas from donors since
then. The cornea is the clear front part of the eye that transmits light. 2 million people
in India are blind because of problems of the cornea. The Rotary Rajan Eye Bank holds
continuing eye donation campaigns. It urges people to leave the gift of sight to others
when they die.

1. Which of the following is TRUE about the Rotary Club of Navsari?

A. The Rotary Club of Navsari is a community service organization.
B. The Rotary Eye Institute of Navsari has only one eye doctor.
C. The Rtary Club of Navsari includes 9 area eye centers in big cities.
D. The Rotary Club of Navsari offers free operation to all the poor patients.

2. The underlined word "ophthalmologist" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.

A. a physician who specializes in eyes
B. a worker working in countryside
C. a patient suffering eye problems
D. a volunteer working in eye centers

3. We can infer form the passage that _____.

A. there are 13 million Indians having eye problems in total
B. the Rotary Eye Instiute of Navsari is located in the center of India
C. the medical treatment is convenient for the local residents
D. Transportation in Navsari is difficult

4. According to the last paragraph, the Rotary Rajan Eye Bank gets new corneas mainly
   by _____.

A. cloning
B. donating
C. cooperating
D. forcing

5. The author develops the passage mainly by _____.

A. providing typical examples
B. making a definition
C. comparing two different areas
D. presenting two examples and drawing a conclusion

     Like many children, Heather studied hard, did her homework and played sports after school. During her
elementary school years, she was thin, but things changed as she grew up.
     "My bad eating habits began during my kid years," says Healther Daivs. "In middle school, I played sports,
but with a diet of hamburgers and soda for lunch...big family dinners...I became overweight." During her
senior year in high school, Heather Davis, who is 5 feet 9 inches tall, weighed 200 pounds. "We had a meat-
and-potatoes family. We had dessert every night and I was a member of the 'clean your plate club'. I tried my
best to stop gaining weight, but it seemed impossible." remembers Healther Daivs. "It caught up with me." By
the time she was 21 and attended college, Heather Davis' weight had increased to 250 pounds. Heather Davis
says it was caused by emotional eating, a junk-food diet and lack (缺少) of exercise.
     The realization that failed diet led to the physical (身體的) cost of obesity (肥胖) made her decide to lose
weight by taking exercise. She did gym exercise for two weeks and began changing her diet by cutting out
potato chips, ice cream and pizza. Within the first two weeks, she had lost 18 pounds. Heather Davis remained
determined, and over the next 12 months, with the support of her family and regular training with a gym trainer,
she lost 110 pounds.
     "My days of treating my body badly are over," say Heather Davis. "I focus on things I enjoy such as
European trins, language classes and beach vacations." She says even though she's lost 110 pounds, she's still
the same person-outgoing, and more importantly-happy. She's also become a good example for those who also
want to lose weight. "If I can do it, anybody can do it," says Heather Davis.

1. When did Heather Davis become over weight?

A. During her elementary school days.
B. when she was 22 years old.
C. When she was a teenager.
D. During her college years.

2. The underlined sentence "It caught up with me." in Paragraph 2 means _____.

A. it troubled me a lot
B. it happened though I tried to prevent it
C. it kept up with me
D. it had a bad effect on my daily life

3. During Heather Davis' college life, all the following led to her obesity EXCEPI that _____.

A. she lived in a meat-and-potatoes family
B. she ate more when she was stressed
C. she used to have a junk-food diet
D. she seldom took part in sports

4. Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A. Dropping 110 pounds changed a woman's life
B. How to lose weight
C. Stay away from unhealthy diets
D. Heather Davis-an outgoing woman.

     Northern Europeans spend a lot of time in their cold and cloudy winters planning their summer holidays.
They are proud of their healthy color when they return home after the holiday. But they also know that a
certain amount of sunshine is good for their bodies and general health.
     In ancient Greece people knew about the curing powers of the sun, but this knowledge was lost. At the
end of the nineteenth century a Danish doctor, Niels Finsen, began to study the effect of sunlight on certain
diseases, especially diseases of the skin. He was interested not only in natural sunlight but also in man-made
produced rays. Sunlight began to play a more important part in curing sick people.
     A Swiss doctor, Auguste Rollier, made full use of the sun in his hospital at Leysin. Leysin is a small village
high up in the Alps. The position is important, the rays of the sun with the greatest healing power are the
infra-red (紅外線的) and ultraviolet (紫外線的) rays; but ultra-violet rays are too easily lost in fog and the
polluted air near industrial towns. Dr. Rollier found that sunlight, fresh air and good food cure a great many
diseases. He was particularly successful in curing certain forms of tuberculosis(結(jié)核病) with his"sun-cure".
     There were a large number of children in Dr. Rollier's hospital. He decided to start a school where sick
children could be cured and at the same time continue to learn. It was not long before his school was full.
     In winter, wearing only shorts, socks and boots, the children put on their skis after breakfast and left the
hospital. They carried small desks and chairs as well as their school books. Their teacher led them over the
snow until they reached a slope (斜坡)which faced the sun and was free from cold winds. There they set out
their desks and chairs, and school began.
     Although they wore hardly any clothes, Rollier's pupils were very seldom cold. That was because their
bodies were full of energy which they got from the sun. But the doctor knew that sunshine can also be
dangerous. If, for example, tuberculosis is attacking the lungs, unwise sunbathing may do great harm.
     Today there is not just one school in the sun. There are several in Switzerland, and since Switzerland is
not the only country which has the right conditions, there are similar schools in other places.

1. According to the passage, when did people began to realize sunlight played a more important part in
    the treatment of disease?

A. From ancient times.
B. At the end of the nineteenth century.
C. Not until this century.
D. Only very recently.

2. Why are a Danish doctor and a Swiss doctor mentioned in the second and third paragraphs? 

A. Because they both made use of sunlight to treat illness.
B. Because they were the first people who used sunlight for treatment.
C. Because they were both famous European doctors.
D. Because they used sunlight in very different ways.

3. Dr Rollier set up a "sun-cure" school probably for the reason that _____.

A. most children could stay in his hospital
B. children could study while being treated
C. the school was expected to be full of pupils
D. the school was high up in the mountains

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?

A. "Sun-cure" schools are becoming popular everywhere.
B. Switzerland is the only country where "sun-cure" schools are popular.
C. Proper Conditions are necessary for the running of a"sun-cure" school.
D. "Sun-cure" schools are found in countries

     Sandstorms hit northwestern China's Gansu Province and North China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region on the first day this year. According to Sun Landong, a meteorologist with the Lanzhou
Meteorology Observatory, visibility was less than 100 meters in Minqin, a Gansu county near Inner
Mongolia, because of sand. When visibility drops to less than 1 kilometer, it is called a sandstorm. The
sandstorm in Minqin blew up dust in neighboring towns, such as Baiyin, Wuwei, Jinchang and Lanzhou,
the capital city of Gansu Province. Dust-laden winds also swept into Beijing. Brought by northwesterly
blowing at more than 20 meters per second, dust first reached the capital's suburbs at 7 a. m., downtown
areas at 9 a. m. The winds, which died down during the night, brought the temperature down to as low as 8 0C below zero and many flights put off their planned time from the city's airport.
     It is quite rare for sandstorms, which are frequent between March and June, to happen in winter,
when the earth is frozen. The sandstorms in Gansu and Inner Mongolia do not necessarily mean there will
be more of them in the spring than last year, when they were serious, but Beijing is taking it very seriously. It is reported that Beijing will spend 6 billion yuan (US 725 million) in preventing sandstorms in the
capital and has already set up a special team to make sure what causes them.

1. What is the main idea of the passage?

A. Sandstorms took place in Gansu.
B. Sandstorms happened on the first day of the new year.
C. Sandstorms are very serious,compared to last year.
D. Experts are trying their best to determine the cause of the sandstorm formed this year

2. Suppose the dust was 300 kilometers away from Beijing,it would reach Beijing about,          hours
    later if it travels at a speed of 20 meters per second?

A. 4.2
B. 1.5
C. 2.0
D. 2.5

3. Why did sandstorms begin in the winter this year?

A. Because there was little snow this season.
B. Because a lot of trees have been cut down.
C. Because people took few measures to control them.
D. It is not mentioned in the passage.

4. Which of the following doesn't belong to the bad effect the sandstorms have done in Beijing?

A. The temperature fell.
B. Flights put off their time to take off.
C. The air is dirty.
D. People had three days off

5. The author wrote the passage to           .

A. tell us the environments are becoming worse and worse
B. explain what measures people have taken to control sandstorms
C. make people realize the need to protect the environment
D. call on us to do what we can to save the earth.

     In today's throw-away society, dealing with the city's growing mountain of waste is an increasing
challenge for the city council (市議會).
     Recently, Edinburgh is faced with the problem of disposing of (處理) about 250,000 million tons of
waste a year. Despite different ways to dispose of much of it in a green manner - largely through
encouraging recycling-its aging facilities such as the Powderhall landfill do not have the ability to deal
with it.
     The European Union (EU) has issued a new policy, regulating how such mountains of waste are to be
disposed of. The five councils ( Edinburgh, East Lothian, West Lothian, Midlothian and Borders ) face
fines around ￡18 million a year from 2013 if they don't increase recycling levels and rely less on landfill. With this in mind, the councils got together with the idea of building a large incinerator plant (垃圾焚燒
廠) to burn half of the waste produced in their districts. But this plan fell apart after the change of target
levels by a new UK government waste policy which required that no more than 25% of the city's waste
should be disposed of in this way by 2025.
     After the plan was abandoned, a private company which already transported millions of tons of the
city's waste by train to a landfill site near Dunbar, offered an alternative solution when it suggested
opening a huge waste site near Portobello.
Since Powderhall is supposed to close in 2015, it seemed necessary for the members of the Edinburgh
Council to accept the suggestion. But soon they turned it down - after 700 local objections reached
them - because it would have meant hundreds of lorries a day making loud noise through heavily
populated areas.
     That still leaves the council with a problem. By 2013, only 50% of 1995 levels of waste will be
allowed to be sent to landfill. Even if recycling targets are met, there will still be a large amount of
rubbish to be burnt up. Due to this, Edinburgh and Midlothian councils have now decided to work
together to build an incinerator plant as time to find a solution is fast running out.

1. The main way of handling waste in a green manner in Edinburgh is ________.

A. recycling   
B. restoring   
C. burying   
D. burning

2. The five councils worked out a plan to build an incinerator plant to ________.

A. reduce the cost of burying waste                
B. meet the EU requirements
C. speed up waste recycling                      
D. replace landfill sites

3. The city council of Edinburgh rejected the suggestion to open a huge landfill site near
    Portobello because ________.

A. it came from a private company              
B. the council was not interested in it
C. it was not supported by EU                  
D. the local people were against it

4. What is the final decision of Edinburgh and Midlothian Councils?

A. To open a new landfill nearby.          
B. To close the Powderhall landfill in 2015.
C. To set up a plan for burning waste.      
D. To persuade people to deduce their waste.

     In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources (資源), the harm from the traditional
business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing
and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed,
and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways. That means growth with low
carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while
using its supply of natural resources.
     Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the
global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for
example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global
energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge
amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth
in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕櫚油), which is produced without
cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by
more than 50%.
     Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for
reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger
arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally,
governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some
of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
     The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the
limits if this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product
industries.

1. The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.

A. It makes the world warmer
B. it consumes natural resources
C. it brings severe damage to forests
D. it makes growth hard to continue

2. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?

A. China lacks wind and solar energy.
B. China is the leader of the low-carbon market.
C. High-speed trains are a low-carbon development.
D. Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.

3. To full develop the low-carbon markets, government can ______.

A. cut public expenses
B. forbid carbon emission
C. develop public resources
D. encourage energy conservation

4. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.

A. develop sustainable products
B. explore new natural resources
C. make full use of natural resources
D. deal with the major challenge

5. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To introduce a new business model.
B. To compare two business models.
C. To predict a change of the global market.
D. To advocate sustainable development.

     Green-space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment.
Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture or every book about this subject has to start with
the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than
on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green-spaces in
the urban environment is a first step on the right way; this does not mean, however, that enough details
are known about the functions of green spaces in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are
using these spaces.
     The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been
used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate (不成比例的)
attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for
improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the
conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping
or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has
to begin at the street door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities
as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory (強制性的) activities can also
have a recreative aspect.
     The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if
the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during
shopping you can nowhere find a spot of enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street door of your house is closed after you.

1. According to the author, the importance of green spaces in the urban environment _______.

A. is still unknown
B. is being closely studied
C. is usually neglected
D. has been fully recognized

2.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to _______.

A. the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighborhood
B. all of the recreation facilities far from home
C. relatively little attention for recreative possibilities
D. the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood

3.The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of green spaces should be provided _______.

A. in special areas
B. in the suburbs
C. in the neighbourhood of the house
D. in gardens and parks

4. The author says "more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect" to _______.

A. suggest that obligatory activities don't need to serious
B. show that recreation activities are very important
C. show how recreation activities have spread wildly
D. suggest how to offer recreation activities around home

5. Why would someone only feel himself at home according to the last paragraph?

A. One lives the very best standard of living.
B. There are too many distractions outside his home.
C. There are few recreations around his house.
D. One needs the street door of his house to be opened always.

     The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is probably why there are more
myths (神話,想象) about it than any of the other illnesses.
     The most widespread mistake of all is that colds are caused by cold. They are not. They are caused
by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or
indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the
Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated Arctic regions explorers have
reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected (感染的) people from the
outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes.?
     At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they
gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot
baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be doused (浸入) with cold water, and then
stood about dripping (滴干) wet in drafty (通風的) rooms. Some wore wet socks all day while others
exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless
a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose.?
    If cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? In
spite of the most painstaking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by
scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this
makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on.?
     No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but
all they do is to relieve the symptoms.?

1.The fact that the Eskimos don't suffer colds shows that           .

A. colds are really full of myths
B. viruses are the factors causing colds
C. colds are more severe than other illnesses
D. the idea that cold leads to colds doesn't stand up

2.The experiments mentioned in Paragraph 3 made it clear that            .

A. being doused with cold water did harm to one's body
B. taking hot baths made the volunteers easy to be tired
C. it was viruses not wet and cold that made people have colds
D. people who would like to exercise in the rain got colds more easily

3. According to the passage, colds are commonly seen in winter because      .

A. there is great difference between indoor and outdoor temperature
B. viruses can go into people's warm bodies more easily in winter
C. staying together indoors makes it easier for viruses to pass on
D. people are usually weak because of the extreme cold in winter

4.What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The reason and the way people catch colds.
B. The continued spread of colds.
C. The experiments on colds.
D. The myths about colds.