Recently some American scientists have given a useful piece of advice to people in industrialized nations,
They say people should eat more of the same kind of food eaten by humans living more than 10,000 years ago.
1_____
     The scientists say that the human life has changed greatly. Our bodies have not been able to deal with these
changes in lifestyle and this had led to new kinds of sicknesses. 2_____ So they are called "disease of
civilization". Many cancers and disease of blood system are examples of such diseases.
     Scientists noted that people in both the Old Stone Age and the New Stone Age enjoyed very little alcohol or
tobacco, probably none. 3_____ However, a change in food is one of the main differences between life in
ancient times and that of today.
     Stone Age people hunted wild animals for their meat, which had much less fat than domestic ones. They
ate a lot of fresh wild vegetables and fruits. They did not have milk or any other dairy products, and they made
very little use of grains. 4_____ We eat six times more salt than our ancestors (祖先). We eat more sugar. We
eat twice as much fat but only one third as much protein and much less vitamin C. 
     5_____ But scientists say that we would be much healthier if we eat much the same way as our ancestors
did, cutting the amount of fatty, salty and sweet food.

A. These new sicknesses were not known in ancient times.
B. People today probably do not want to live the way people thousands of years ago did.
C. Ancient people also lived in large groups.
D. But today, we eat a lot of these.
E. Ancient people also got a great deal of physical exercise.
F. In that case, they would live much healthier.
G. People today probably live the same life as people thousands of years ago did.

     In 2004, the World Health Organization, WHO, warned of a possible outbreak of another serious disease
which may be even more deadly than SARS. The WHO believes that it is likely that bird flu will spread to
human beings in the next few years. If it does, up to seven millions people could die from the disease.
     Diseases like bird flu are caused by viruses, that is, tiny things which change and become more dangerous
over time. When a new type of a common virus changes, it may be able to get past the body's immune (免疫
的) system. If that happens, humans are in great danger until a cure or treatment becomes available.
     There have always been viruses and people always get sick, of course, but as we saw with SARS, the
situation is more difficult today. People travel more than ever before, which means that disease can spread
quickly and across large areas-in fact the whole world.
     Scientists are already working on drugs that will prevent or limit the effect of a new virus, but the process
takes time. It is just as important to make sure that countries, especially poor countries, are prepared to deal
with the disease. New disease usually affect poor areas the most, so we must help develop health care in all
countries.

1. The situation is more serious today because _____.

A. people travel more
B. people don't eat healthy food
C. there aren't enough hospitals
D. scientists can't find a cure

2. From this passage we know _____.

A. bird flu will surely spread to human beings in the next few years
B. a virus changes and become less dangerous over time
C.SARS is 1ikely to come again in some years
D. poor areas usually suffers more from new diseases than rich areas

3. The possible title of this passage is _____.

A. The Work of WHO
B. Scientists Are Working Hard on Drugs for Diseases
C. What Is a Virus
D. Virus Changes and Causes New Diseases Over Time

     Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers' desire to
go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
     Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree
as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental
effect on what they buy.
     This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make
efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from
environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their
custom elsewhere if they felt a company's environmental reputation was not good enough.
     Harry Morrison, chief executive (主管) of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes:"I understand this situation where
survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking-we don't have much
time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the
brand."
     Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year
will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions (排放). Those that have taken
early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are
environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public
will be in a pole position to attract shoppers.
     The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are
doing. "When companies are granted (授予) the standard, they can use a logo (標(biāo)識(shí)) in all their marketing
which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions," Mr. Morrison said.

1. What's the main idea of the passage?

A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers' environmental awareness.

2. The underlined word "inform" in Paragraph 2 probably means "_____".

A. affect
B. change
C. disturb
D. reject

3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses _____.

A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere

4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will _____.

A. have a strong desire to reduce costs
B. use the same logo in their marketing
C. gain advantages by taking early action
D. attract more shoppers by storing goods

     Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention
recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means
we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the
greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first
place.
     The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a
typical household's waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with
plastic and cardboard.
     Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it
for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to
cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce
such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage
customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot
continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.
     But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with
quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food.
But is also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary. 
     There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary
material are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to
climb.

1. What does the underlined phrase "over-consumption" refer to?

A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
D. Having more material than is needed.

2. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _____.

A. the tendency of cutting household waste
B. the increase of packaging recycling
C. the rapid growth of super markets
D. the fact of packaging overuse

3. According to the text, recycling _____.

A. helps control the greenhouse effect
B. means burning packaging for energy
C. is the solution to gas shortage
D. leads to a waste of land

4. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?

A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
D. Other products are better packaged than food.

5. What can we learn from the last paragraph? 

A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.
B. Needless material is mostly recycled.
C. People like collecting recyclable waste.
D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.

     [1]One out of many important things for the whole family to do is to have dinner together. Researchers
began reporting the benefits of family dinner about a decade ago, focusing mainly on how it affects children.
Studies show that those families who eat dinner at least 3 or 4 times a week together, benefit in many ways.
     [2]Eating together helps families achieve open communication and build stronger and healthier relationships.
Children have better grades at school and are better adjusted as teens and adults, and the entire family enjoys
healthier nutrition. For many families, eating dinner together proves to be good and effective way to reduce the
risk of youth rates of addiction, and helps to raise healthier children. It is also a great time to share the events
of the day, discuss news and ideas and just be together and enjoy each other's company.
     [3]During dinner time parents have better opportunity to show that they are the prior to their children. Sitting
at the same table and sharing meals is where and when parents can find out more about their children's school
performance, daily activities and attitudes toward life. When parents have all this information they can better
direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children
will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.
     [4]However, family researchers say that the benefits of family dinner by no means can be considered as
automatic. Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing. _____ if there is too
much arguing going on, if there is no meaningful conversation or, what is even worse, if there is just plain
silence during gathering.

1. What is the main idea of the text? (no more than 8 words) 
    ________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the text is closest in meaning to the following one? By having dinner together family 
    members can have free exchange of information and develop closer ties among them. 
    _________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words)
    _________________________________________________________________
4. What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words)
    _________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.
     ________________________________________________________________

     It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers
of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so
that they will not disappear from the wilderness (荒野).
                                                               For Killing Wolves
      In Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them
for sport. However, laws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the
animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they
are destroying their own food supply.
     A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food. Many of
the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life.
When the deer can't find enough food, they die. 
     If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, their prey (獵物) will disappear some day. And the
wolves will, too. So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology. If we killed
more wolves, we would save them and their prey from dying out. We'd also save some farm animals.  
     In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the government to
send biologists to study the problem. They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect
them in places where there is a small wolf population. 
                                                             Against Killing Wolves
     If you had lived long ago, you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf.
According to most stories, hungry wolves often kill people for food. Even today, the stories of the "big bad
wolf'＂will not disappear.
     But the fact is that wolves are afraid of people and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human
smell. When wolves eat other animals, they usually kill the very young or the sick and injured. The strongest
survive. No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived. And
has always been a law of nature.
     Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves, we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found
wolves and their prey living in balance. The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and
that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life. 
     The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people. Even if wilderness
land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can't always find enough food. So they travel to the
nearest source, which is often a farm. Then there is danger. The "big bad wolf" has arrived! And everyone
knows what happens next.

1. According to the passage,some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons
    EXCET that _____.

A. there are too many wolves
B. they kill large numbers deer
C. they attack cows and chickens for food
D. they destroy the wilderness plant life

2. Some people are against killing wolves because _____.

A. wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness
B. there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness
C. there are too many deer in the wilderness
D. wolves are afraid of people and never attack people

3. According to those against killing wolves,when wolves eat other animals, _____.

A. they never eat strong and healthy ones
B. they always go against the law of nature
C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature
D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness

4. The last sentence "And everyone knows what happens next" implies that in such cases _____.

A. farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away
B. wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them
C. wolves will find enough food sources on farms
D. people will leave the areas where wolves can live

     Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn
that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer.
     Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm
reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell. But other people keep their anger inside. They
can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger.
     For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than
expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hormones (荷爾蒙). They
speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etc. In general the person feels excited and
ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that
those who express anger ferociously may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those
who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure.
     Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are
angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about.
If it is, they say, "Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are
able to express yourself calmly and reasonably."
     Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry.
They said that laughter is much healthier than anger.

1. The underlined word "ferociously" in Paragraph 2 probably means _____.

A. mildly
B. fiercely
C. frequently
D. hardly

2. Which statement is right?

A. Were you angry, you would get cancer.
B. Once you are angry, you will get cancer.
C. Angry as you are often, you can't get cancer.
D. Anger may cause you a cancer.

3. Expressing anger ferociously _____ repressing it according to some scientists.

A. is just the same as
B. is more harmful than
C. is no better than
D. is much better than

4. According to the author, you'd better _____.

A. never be angry
B. cool it down before you express your anger
C. laugh and laugh when you get angry
D. admit you are wrong when you are angry

5. The main purpose of the text is to _____.

A. describe people's behavior at anger
B. present doctors' different attitudes towards anger
C. stress the harm of anger
D. instruct people how to deal with anger

     Illegal removal of coral (珊瑚) along Sri Lanka's coastline increased the amount of destruction on the
island by last December's tsunami, say researchers.
      Harindra Fernando, a fluid dynamicist (力學(xué)家) at Arizona State University in Tempe, made the connection
after a visit to his native Sri Lanka earlier this year. While serving as a scientific expert and translator for a
BBC-documentary team, he chatted with locals who said they saw the tsunami turn sideways when it hit
coral-which would have made it less powerful than in coral-free areas. Fernando linked this to trucks he had
seen last year carrying piles of coral away from the sea.
      Using the eyewitness reports, estimates (估算) of wave heights, and a series of divers to check the
presence or absence of corals, Fernando and his colleagues produced a map of coral gaps and wave flooding
along Sri Lanka's southwest coast. 
     The tsunami reached significantly farther inland through the gaps: in one instance, the water traveled 1.5
kilometres long and knocked a passenger train off its tracks, killing 1,700. But only a few kilometers away,
where the coral was still undamaged, the wave travelled just 50 metres inland and caused no deaths.
      There is a similar phenomenon. In Nicaragua in 1992, a tsunami poured through a break in the coral reef
made to let boats through. "Within this passage, water went one kilometre inland," says Fernando. "But nearby,
where the coral was undamaged, there were still beach umbrellas standing."
      In Sri Lanka, coral is illegally mined to provide souvenirs for tourists, or to be used in house paint. Coral
harvesters sometimes blow it up with dynamite (炸藥) in order to collect fish at the same time. Often, the
reefs in the best shape are those in front of hotels, as the hotel owners maintain them for the tourists. Fernando
hopes that his findings will encourage the Sri Lankan government to enforce (實(shí)施) its laws against coral
mining.

1. Harindra Fernando did all the following EXCEPT _____.

[     ]

A. serving as a translator for a BBC-documentary team
B. helping the Sri Lankan government enforce its laws against coral mining
C. producing a map of coral gaps along Sri Lanka's southwest coast
D. linking the coral removal with the destruction of Tsunami

2. The main idea of Paragraph 5 is that _____.

[     ]

A. undamaged coral can greatly decrease tsunami damage
B. coral-free area is a danger to passenger trains
C. in general, water travels 30 times farther inland in a coral-free area
D. it is urgent to enforce laws against coral mining

3. Which of the following may NOT be the cause of coral gaps?

[     ]

A. Boat passages.
B. Tourists' sightseeing.
C. Fish collecting.
D. Tourists' souvenirs.

4. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?

[     ]

A. Harindra Fernando, a Great Environment Protector
B. Stop Using Coral as Souvenirs
C. Coral Cried "Help! Help!"
D. Coral Mining Enhanced (加劇) Tsunami Damage

     It is difficult for a doctor to help a person with a damaged brain. Without enough blood, the brain lives
for only three to five minutes. More often the doctor can't fix the damage. Sometimes they are afraid to try
something to help because it is dangerous to work on the brain, The doctors might make the person worse
if he operates on the brain.
     Dr. Robert White, a famous professor and doctor, thinks he knows a way to help. He thinks doctors
should make the brain very cold. If it is very cold, the brain can live without blood for 30 minutes. This gives
the doctor a longer time to do something for the brain.
     Dr. White tried his idea on 13 monkeys. First he taught them to do different jobs, then he operated on
them, He made the monkeys' blood go through a machine. The machine cooled the blood. Then the machine
sent the blood back to the monkeys' brains. When the brain's temperature was 10 ℃, Dr. White stopped the
blood to the brain. After 30 minutes he turned the blood back on. He warmed the blood again. After their
operations the monkeys were like what they had been before. They were healthy and busy. Each one could
still do the jobs the doctor had taught them.

1. The biggest difficulty in operating on the damaged brain is that _____.

A. the time is too short for doctors
B. the patients are often too nervous
B. the damage is extremely hard to fix
D. the blood-cooling machine might break down

2. The brain operation was made possible mainly by _____.

A. taking the blood out of the brain
B. trying the operations on monkeys first
B. having the blood go through a machine
D. lowering the brain's temperature

3. With Dr. White's new idea, the operation on the damaged brain can _____.

A. last as long as 30 minutes
B. keep the brain's blood warm
C. keep the patient's brain healthy
D. help monkeys do different jobs

4. What is the right order of the steps in the operations?
    a. send the cooled back to the brain
    b. stop the blood to the brain
    c. have the blood cooled down
    d. operate on the brain

A. a, b, c, d
B. c, a, b, d
C. c, b, d, a
D. b, c, d, a