The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he         in the mud all morning.

A、has played       B、has been playing     C、is playing    D、was playing

二. 完形填空（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

       The yearly marathon (a long-distance running race of 42.195km) in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to follow behind the runners in an ambulance 36 any of them needed medical attention.

       “We’re supposed to stay behind the 37 runner, so take it slowly,” I said to the driver, Doug, as the race started.

       The front-runners started to 38 and then my eyes were 39 to the woman in blue silk running shorts and a loose white T-shirt.

       We knew we were already watching our “l(fā)ast runner”. Her 40 were so crippled(殘廢的)that it seemed almost impossible for her to be able to walk, 41 alone run a marathon.

       Doug and I 42 in silence as she slowly moved forward. 43 , she was the only runner left in sight. Tears streamed down my face when I watched with respect 44 she pushed forward with great 45 through the last mile.

       When the finish line came into sight, rubbish lay everywhere and the 46 crowds had gone home, 47 , standing straight and ever so proud 48 a lone man. He was 49 one end of a ribbon(緞帶)of crepe paper(縐紙) 50 to a post. She slowly crossed through, leaving both ends of the paper fluttering(飄動(dòng))behind her.

       I do not know this woman’s name, but that day she became a part of my 51 –a part I often depend on. For her, it wasn’t about 52 the other runners or winning a prize, but about 53 what she had set out to do, no matter 54 . When I think things are too difficult or I get those “I-just-can’t-do-it,” I think of the last runner. Then I realize how 55 the task before me really is.

(  ) 36. A. so that             B. in case                     C. even though              D. only if

(  ) 37. A. first                 B. best                  C. only                         D. last

(  ) 38. A. run                         B. separate             C. disappear                  D. appear

(  ) 39. A. drawn              B. thrown                  C. fixed                        D. caught

(  ) 40. A. hands              B. legs                  C. arms                        D. body

(  ) 41. A. let                B. leave                 C. speak                       D. take

(  ) 42. A. watched                  B. drove                C. observed               D. stared

(  ) 43. A. Quickly                  B. Unluckily          C. Naturally                  D. Finally

(  ) 44. A. since               B. before               C. as                                D. until

(  ) 45. A. pain                B. determination  C. strength                    D. desire

(  ) 46. A. tired                B. waiting           C. cheering                   D. impatient

(  ) 47. A. Besides            B. Therefore          C. Yet                       D. Fortunately

(  ) 48. A. stood               B. waited               C. came                        D. had

(  ) 49. A. helping            B. catching            C. holding                    D. tying

(  ) 50. A. kept                B. tied                   C. connected                 D. led

(  ) 51. A. dream              B. feeling                     C. idea                         D. life

(  ) 52. A. following        B. hoping                     C. encouraging              D. beating

(  ) 53. A. finishing          B. realizing            C. starting                    D. winning

(  ) 54. A. where              B. how                  C. when                       D. what

(  ) 55. A. difficult                  B. interesting         C. easy                         D. hopeful

    In bringing up children, every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition (學(xué)會(huì)) of each new skill m the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of worry in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural enthusiasm for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.

    Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters. Others are severe (嚴(yán)格的) over time of coming home at night or punctuality for meals. In general, the controls represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness.

    As regards the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important in parental teaching. To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality (道德). Also, parents should realize that "example is better than precept". If they are not sincere and do not practice what they preach (說(shuō)教), their children may grow confused when they grow old enough to think for themselves, and realize they have been to some extent fooled.

    A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' principles and their morals can be a dangerous disappointment.

1. Eagerly watching the child’s acquisition of new skills, _________________.

  A. should be avoided

  B. is universal among parents

  C. sets up dangerous states of worry in the child

  D. will make the child lose interest in learning new things

2. In the process of children’s learning new skills, parents _________________.

  A. should encourage them to read before they know the meaning of the words they read

  B. should expect a lot of the children

  C. should achieve a balance between pushing them too hard and leaving them on their own

  D. should create as many learning opportunities as possible

3. The second paragraph mainly tells us that _________________.

  A. parents should be strict with their children

  B. parental controls reflect only the values of the community

  C. parental restrictions vary, and are not always for the benefit of the children alone

  D. it’s parents’ and society’s duty to control the children

4. The word “precept” in Paragraph 3 probably means “_________________”.

  A. opinion          B. punishment       C. behavior            D. instruction

5. In terms of moral matters, parents should _____________________.

  A. follow the rules themselves

  B. be aware of the huge difference between adults and children

  C. forbid their children to follow hook teachings

  D. always ensure the security of their children

Ⅱ    閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)：閱讀理解（共20小題；每小題2分，滿分40分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

　　So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that“ reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible”.

　　Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

　　Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.

　　If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable ,what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”

　　When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.

1.he problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______________.

　　A. it is one of the most difficult school courses

　　B. students spend endless hours in reading

　　C. reading tasks are assigned with little guidance

　　D. too much time is spent in teaching about reading

1.he teaching of reading will be successful if _______________.

　　A. teachers can improve conditions at school for the students

　　B. teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading

　　C. teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading

　　D. teachers can make their teaching activities observable

3．The underlined word“ scrutiny” most probably means“______________”.

　　A. inquiry　　　　　　　　　　　 B. observation

　　C. control　　　　　　　　　　　 D. suspicion

4．According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when ______________.

　　A. children become highly motivated

　　B. teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

　　C. teaching helps children in the search for knowledge

　　D. reading enriches children’s experience

5．The main idea of the passage is that ______________.

　　A. teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read

　　B. teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible

　　C. reading ability is something acquired rather than taught

　　D. reading is more complicated that generally believed

第三部分：閱讀

第一節(jié)：閱讀理解（共12小題；每小題2分，滿分24分）

       閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

       Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices（裝置）themselves. University of Missouri（MU） researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

       “To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density（密度）”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope（放射性同位素） battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

       Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro / nanoelectromechanical systems （M/NEMS）. Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

       “People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

       His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor（半導(dǎo)體）. Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure（晶體結(jié)構(gòu)）of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

       Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

1．Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

       A．He teaches chemistry at MU.

       B．He developed a chemical battery.

       C．He is working on a nuclear energy source.

       D．He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

2．Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

       A．to show chemical batteries are widely applied.

       B．to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

       C．to describe a nuclear-powered system.

       D．to introduce various energy sources.

3．Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.

       A．get rid of the radioactive waste  

       B．test the power of nuclear batteries.

       C．decrease the size of nuclear batteries

       D．reduce the damage to lattice structure.

4．According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

       A．uses a solid semiconductor.

       B．will soon replace the present ones.

       C．could be extremely thin.

       D．has passed the final test.

Malaria, the world's most widespread parasitic（寄生蟲(chóng)引起的）disease, kills as many as three million people every year—almost all of whom are under five, very poor, and African. In most years, more than five hundred million cases of illness result from the disease, although exact numbers are difficult to assess because many people don't （or can't） seek care. It is not unusual for a family earning less than two hundred dollars a year to spend a quarter of its income on malaria treatment, and what they often get no longer works. In countries like Tanzania, Mozambique, and the Gambia, no family, village, hospital, or workplace can remain unaffected for long.

Malaria starts suddenly, with violent chills, which are soon followed by an intense fever and, often, headaches. As the parasites multiply, they take over the entire body. Malaria parasites live by eating the red blood cells they infect （感染）. They can also attach themselves to blood vessels in the brain. If it doesn't kill you, malaria can happen again and again for years. The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes infected with one of four species of parasite. Together, the mosquito and the parasite are the most deadly couple in the history of the earth—and one of the most successful. Malaria has five thousand genes, and its ability to change rapidly to defend itself and resist new drugs has made it nearly impossible to control. Studies show that mosquitoes are passing on the virus more frequently, and there are more outbreaks in cities with large populations. Some of the disease's spread is due to global warming.

For decades, the first-choice treatment for malaria parasites in Africa has been chloroquine, a chemical which is very cheap and easy to make. Unfortunately, in most parts of the world, malaria parasites have become resistant to it. Successful alternatives that help prevent resistance are already available, but they have been in short supply and are very expensive. If these drugs should fail, nobody knows what would come next.

76. According to paragraph 1, many people don't seek care because _______.

A. they are too poor

B. it is unusual to seek care

C. they can remain unaffected for long

D. there are too many people suffering from the disease

77. People suffering from malaria _______.

A. have to kill female mosquitoes      B. have ability to defend parasites

C. have their red blood cells infected    D. have sudden fever, followed by chills

78. Which of the following may be the reason for the wide spread of the disease?

A. Its resistance to global warming.

B. Its ability to pass on the virus frequently.

C. Its outbreaks in cities with large populations.

D. Its ability to defend itself and resist new drugs.

79. It can be inferred from the passage that _______.            .

A. no drugs have been found to treat the disease

B. the alternative treatment is not easily available to most people

C. malaria has developed its ability to resist parasites

D. nobody knows what will be the drug to treat the disease

80. Which of the following questions has NOT been discussed in the passage?

A. How can we know one is suffering from malaria?

B. How many people are killed by malaria each year?

C. Why are there so many people suffering from malaria?

D. What has been done to keep people unaffected for long?

. John, _______ money is no problem, still leads a simple life.

A. for whose               B. of whose                  C. of whom                  D. for whom

The theory most scientists objected to         in the end .

   A. being proved to be of significance    B. was proved to be significance

   C. proving to be significant            D. proved to be significant

 --- Has your brother returned from America yet?

   --- Yes, but he ______ here for only three days before his company sent him to Africa.

       A. has been     B. was     C. will be       D. would be

 He was ________ a position as an manager, after winning second place in the competition.

  A. rewarded         B. awarded          C. valued        D. praised