In the West, advertisements are the fuel that makes mass media work. Many TV stations, newspapers, magazines, radio stations are privately owned. The government does not give them money. So where does the money come from? From advertisements. Without advertisements, there would not be these private businesses.

Have you ever asked yourself what advertising is? Through the years, people have given different answers to the question. For some time it was felt that advertising was a means of "keeping your name before the public" And some people thought that advertising was "truth well told" Now more and more people consider it in this way; Advertising is the paid, non-personal, and usually persuasive presentation of goods, services and ideas by some certain sponsors (發(fā)起人) through various media

First, advertising is usually paid for. Various sponsors pay for the advertisements we see, read, and hear over the various media. Second, advertising is non-personal. It is not face-to-face communication. Although you may feel that a message in a certain advertisement is aimed directly at you, in reality, it is directed at large groups of people. Third, advertising is usually persuasive. Directly or indirectly it asks people to do something. All advertisements try to make people believe that the product, idea, or service advertised can benefit them. Fourth, the sponsors of the advertisement must show their names. From the advertisement, we can see if the sponsor is a company, or a single person. Fifth, advertising reaches us through old and modem mass media. Included in the old media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, and films. Modem media include emails, matchbox covers, and boards on top of buildings.

9. The existence of the privately owned mass media depends on the support of ________.

A. the government     B. their owners’ families      

C. advertisements       D. the TV stations

10. The passage seems to say that different ideas of advertising are given due to ________.

A. the change of time                       B. the subject of the advertisements

C. people’s age difference                     D. people’s different opinions

11. Which of the following is considered modem mass media?

A. Newspapers.       B. Emails.        C. Magazines.          D. Films.

12. According to the passage, which of the following statements about advertisements is NOT true?

A. The sponsors are always mentioned.       

B. Advertising must be honest and humorous.

C. There is the description of things advertised.         

D. Advertising is meant for large groups of people.

Tragedy at the Circus

In yesterday’s circus（馬戲團）show, a tiger suddenly attacked its trainer and had to be shot dead. As the circus packed up and left, circus officials said the show would go on, even without tigers.

However, the officials can’t simply turn a blind eye to the ethical problems left behind. Even before this tragedy(悲劇), animal rights activists protested against keeping wild animals in unnatural conditions and forcing them to suffer for the profit(利潤) of circus organizers.

It is now time for us to take effective steps to make sure that circus animals are treated properly.

Circus Safe for Animals

Our circus recently suffered a most tragic event in its history. While we are thankful for the pity from the public, we are also astonished by the opinion expressed in “Tragedy at the Circus.”

First, our performing animals are not taken from the wild. As to the ethical problems. we always believe humans and animals can—and should—live together nicely. To us, the performing animals are representatives of their species(物種), and our circus is one of the only places left willing to support this special role of performing animals in the existence of the species. Those who argue that circus life is harmful to animals show little knowledge of these facts. Life in the “wild” is unsafe, but a continuous struggle for existence. To overlook these realities is the greatest fault against the animal kingdom.

This circus has proven that animals are stronger and smarter than we could imagine. Within the circus is a joyful atmosphere for both animals and humans: people are educated, and species saved.

1.What is the main purpose of the first passage?

A.To show pity for the performing animals. 

B.To express worries about animal trainers' safety. 

C.To deal with the difficult situations of the circus

D.To call for action to protect circus animals.

2.What will the circus most probably do?

A.Take no notice of the tragedy.

B.Continue its performances.

C.Use fewer wild animals.

D.Limit its profit.

3.What does the circus think of its performing animals?

A.They are as clever as human beings.

B.They struggle continuously with human beings for existence.

C.They are helpful in saving their species.

D.They have equally natural living conditions as wild animals.

4.What is the most probable relationship between the two passages?

A.A public request and a newspaper report.

B.A newspaper article and a reply to it.

C.Two parts of a newspaper article.

D.Two newspaper reports.

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes in contact with them. Their values—this can’t be repeated too often—are not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone in bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering(干涉) with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car, it needs more mechanical maintenance(機械維修，保養(yǎng)) as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results will be. And at what point should you stop to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by seeking the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You can’t ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try, on the principle that while there’s life, there’s hope.

When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.

5. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A. The values are different between the old and the young.

B. The moral problems raised by old people.

C. The personal freedom for the old.

D. Old people’s viewpoint on life.

6. We can know from the first paragraph that________.

A. Very old people would like to live alone to have more personal freedom.

B. Very old people are able to keep their room clean.

C. Very old people like to live with their children.

D. Social services have nothing to do with very old people.

7. According to the author, which of the following is right?

A. The older a person, the more care he needs.

B. Too much emphasis has been put on old people’s values.

C. The human body can’t be compared to a car.

D. It is easy to provide spare parts for old people.

8.The underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refers to “________”.

A. their money or their health

B. the conclusion you come to

C. your talk to the old people

D. whether age is happy or unpleasant

Have you ever dreamed of visiting a planet in the Milk Way? While the trip sounds exciting, it would take years and years to reach your destination. So in the future, bedtime for astronauts may be more than a few hours of regular shut-eye. They would have to sleep for years.

European researchers are now conducting hibernation experiments. The study may help them understand whether humans could ever sleep through the years it would take for a space flight to distant planets. "If there was an effective technology, it could make deep-space travel a reality," said Mark Ayre of the European Space Agency last month.

What seems like science fiction is not completely unlikely. Researchers have been able to use chemicals to put living cells into a sleep-like state where they don't age. They have now moved on to small, non-hibernating mammals like rats. The results will be out by the end of 2004.

A major challenge is the fact that cells can be very simple systems, whereas body organs are far more complex.

"It's like moving from a simple Apple computer to a supercomputer," said Marco Biggiogera, a hibernation researcher at Italy's University of Pavia.

Just like bears and frogs, the hibernation of human beings would cause a person's metabolism (新陳代謝) to lower so they would need less energy.

Medical research, however, is just half of a space flight hibernation system.

There is the challenge of designing a suitable protective shelter. Such a shelter would provide the proper environment for hibernation, such as the proper temperature. It would also have to monitor (監(jiān)控) life functions and serve the physiological needs of the hibernator.

According to Ayre, the six-person Human Outer Planets Exploration Mission to Jupiter's moon (木星的衛(wèi)星) Callisto, could be an opportunity to use human hibernation. The mission aims to send six humans on a five-year flight to Callisto, where they will spend 30 days, in 2045.

9. European researchers are conducting hibernation experiments to ________.

A. ensure astronauts to get a complete sleep  B. find the secret of some creatures

C. make preparations for the journey to Jupiter’s moon Callisto

D. know if man can sleep for years

 10. The sentence “What seems like science fiction is not completely unlikely” means ______.

A. Science fiction is people’s imagination.

B. Science fiction is imaginative, but it can be realized.

C. Things seem impossible may come true.

D. Things described in science fiction are sure to become true.

11. The passage is implied but doesn’t states that ________.

A. putting living cells into a sleep-like state is full of failure

B. Biggiogera is confident with the experiment

C. human’s hibernation needs no energy

D. medical research is the key to space flight hibernation system

12. By designing a suitable protective shelter, astronauts can ________.

A. have a good hibernation        B. lessen the pressure of traveling in space

C. feed themselves in spaceship    D. moinitor their body changes

13. What’s the best title for the passage?

A. Six humans to fly to Callisto  B. Human hibernation improves health

C. Space travel attracts people   D. Deep sleep for deep space travel

Guide to Restaurants in New York City

Nearly 1,000 restaurants are included in this latest edition of the most trusted guide to eating well in New York. Brief reviews by the city’s most respected food writers are made more readable by what cannot be found in any other restaurant guide, including: suggested dishes final bill. Hardcover.$14.95.

How Electronic Things Work

A guided tour of everyday technology from the pages of the New York Times Circuits section, with easy?to?understand explanations of the inner workings of computers, CD players, ATM’s, digital cameras and 76 other devices, 100 illustrations，St. Martin’s Press. 195 pages. Hardcover.

The New York Times Book of Natural Disasters

The book gathers together the paper’s finest articles about humankind’s quest to understand natural disasters. Possible causes and effects of global warming are studied, as is the surprising force of nature’s violent excitement in such phenomena as hurricanes, forest fires, sinkholes and others. Illustrated, soft cover, 216 pages,$16.95.

Campaigns: A Century of Presidential Races

Every campaign since 1900—including the historic 200 races—in images from the New York Times Photo Archives.With 350 photos, contemporary newspaper reports and an introduction by prize?winning historian Alan Brinkldy DK Publishing. 410 pages. Hardcover.

9.A student of history is most likely to take  listed above.

A.the fourth book      B.the third book        C.the second book       D.the first book

10.The underlined word“others”in Paragraph 3 may include.

A.traffic accidents      B.floods                C.pollution            D.diseases

11.It can be learned from one of the books how to.  

A.repair your digital camera for yourself       

B.work out the expenses before going  to a restaurant

C.get the latest information about natural disasters  

D.learn a lot about historian Alan Brinkley

Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.

   Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

   The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful(有害的) it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem,” said Professor Peter Barnes.

Ten healthy volunteers(志愿者) were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.

The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神經(jīng)活動), which cause coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ______.

A. cannot be as effective as codeine

B. can be harmful to people’s health

C. cannot be separated from chocolate

D. can be a more effective cure for coughs

What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

A. Theobromine.  B. Codeine.  C. Capsaicin.  D. Placebo.

We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment _____.

A. were patients with bad coughs

B. were divided into the three groups

C. received standard treatments

D. suffered little side effects

Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

A. Codeine: A New Medicine        B. Chocolate May Cure Coughs

C. Cough Treatment: A Hard Case    D. Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

Let us not waste ______ time we have left. 

A. the little         B. little          C. a little       D. a little more

As teachers, we feel______our duty to teach our children to be good wherever we are.

A. this       B. that         C. it               D. there is 

There was a time in my life when beauty meant something special to me. I guess that would have been when I was about six or seven ye ars old, just several weeks or maybe a month before the orphanage turned me into an old man.

I would get up every morning at the orphanage, make my bed just like the little soldier that I had become and then I would get into one of the two straight lines and march to breakfast with the other twenty or thirty boys who also lived in my dormitory.

After breakfast one Saturday morning I returned to the dormitory and saw the house parent chasing the beautiful monarch butterflies who lived by the hundreds in the azalea (杜鵑花) bushes strewn around the orphanage.

I carefully watched as he caught these beautiful creatures, one after the other, and then took them from the net and then stuck straight pins through their head and wings, pinning them onto a heavy cardboard sheet.

How cruel it was to kill something of such beauty. I had walked many times out into the bushes, all by myself, just so the butterflies could land on my head, face and hands so I could look at them up close.

Every year when the butterflies would return to the orphanage and try to land on me I would try and shoo (用"噓"聲趕走,嚇走)them away because they did not know that the orphanage was a bad place to live and a very bad place to die.

1. According to the passage, how did the author find the orphanage?

A. A favorable place to live.                B. A bad place to live.

C. A comfortable place for butterflies.  D. A favorable place for the old.

2. How did the people go to their meals?

A. By car.              B. On foot.            C. Queuing in two ways.              D. Any way they wanted.

3. Which of the following statements is TRUE, according to the passage?

A. I love everything of beauty when I was old.

B. The people in the orphanage stand in line doing everything.

C. The azalea bushes were planted by the people living in the orphanage.

D. I shooed the butterflies away because I didn’t want them to be killed.

4. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?

A. I love beauty when I was about six or seven years old.

B. I became old very soon in the orphanage.

C. I had a very pleasant time in the orphanage.

D. I was tired with the life the way I lived in the orphanage.

5. What does the author think of the house parent?

A. Pitiless.             B. Kind.                C. Lovable.                          D. Beautiful.

Our daughter Kerrin, a student at Boston University, had been home for a week-end visit, and I dropped her off at the bus station just in time for her back to college. After Kerrin’s bus had gone and I was driving away, I noticed that she had left her purse on the passenger seat. Worried that she would arrive in Boston without money or keys to her room, I called my wife, Bette Jean, on the car phone, explaining why I would be late. As I was following the bus, Bette Jean phoned me back to say she had phoned the bus dispatcher（調(diào)度員）on the other line and he, in return, had phoned the bus driver on yet another phone. The driver asked me to wave out of my window to show where I was. Then he pulled over at a rest stop, and I did the same. Kerrin jumped off the bus, and I handed her the purse and went on my way.

11. The writer saw his daughter’s purse right after       .

  A. seeing her off at the bus station

B. starting his car again

  C. she got off the car

D. she got on the bus

12. Kerrin didn’t find her purse missing until       .

  A. the bus started off

B. her mother told her

  C. the bus stopped again

D. she returned to the university

13. In which order did the following persons know about the loss of the purse?

  A. driver—writer—Better Jean—Kerrin

B. Kerrin—writer—Better Jean—driver

C. writer—driver—Kerrin—Better Jean

D. writer—Bette—Jean—driver—Kerrin

14. Which of the following is not true?

  A. The bus was too fast for the car to catch up with in no time.

  B. The writer had tried to phone the dispatcher but failed.

  C. The writer couldn’t get in touch with the driver by the phone.

  D. Both the writer and the bus driver could use the car phone.

15. Which of the following seems the most necessary in helping the writer?

  a. his car           b. phone

  c. the bus driver     d. the dispatcher

  e. his wife         f. his daughter

A. a, b, d and e       B. c, d, e and f    C. a, b, c and d      D. b, c, d and e